영어공부에 크게 도움됩니다. PM speech at Open Government Partnership 2013 Organisations: Cabinet Office and Prime Ministers Office, 10 Downing Street Delivered on: 31 October 2013 (Original script, may differ from delivered version) Page history: Published 31 October 2013 Topical events: Open Government Partnership Summit 2013 and UK Presidency of G8 2013 Minister: The Rt Hon David Cameron MP David Cameron announced plans to create a publicly accessible central registry of information on beneficial ownership. It’s great to be here this morning. The Open Government Partnership is helping drive a transparency revolution around the world and I’m enormously proud that Britain has been at the heart of it since its foundation; pushed along every step of the way of course by Francis who you’ve just heard from. Now, people sometimes say that open government is quite an abstract topic – something for academics and think tanks. It’s good to do - but really, where’s the urgency, where’s the relevance? So today I want to explain why I believe all of this is so important. Why open government isn’t some kind of optional add-on or a “nice to have” but why it is absolutely fundamental to a nation’s success in the 21st Century. About why - in the global race we’re in today – it is a vital part of any country’s plan for prosperity. Economic success – open institutions 한국을 찬양한글 To make this argument at its starkest though we can’t begin in this room. We’ve got to travel 5,500 miles around the world to the 38th parallel on the Korean peninsula. It’s currently early evening there – and picture the scene as the sun goes down. Look one way and you see South Korea – whose President I’m delighted to be welcoming next week. It’s a beacon of light, literally and metaphorically, the 4th largest economy in Asia, its teenagers second in the world for reading, a hub for global business, average life expectancy 81. And then turn the other way and look into its Northern neighbour: dark as far as you can see, living standards among the lowest in the world, disease rife, almost a quarter of its children severely malnourished, and an average life expectancy almost fifteen years lower. Two countries, side by side, who couldn’t be further apart today. And we know why this difference exists. One is an open, vibrant market economy – and that is underpinned by an open, vibrant successful democracy a place where people have a say in the future of their nation. The other of course is a closed, backward economy – and that is underpinned by a closed, corrupt, secretive dictatorship decisions taken behind closed doors - mostly by the grandsons of those who were taking them seventy years ago. It was Amartya Sen who wrote of the remarkable empirical connection between political freedoms and economic prosperity. And, more recently, Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson have argued that open political institutions are critical to whether nations succeed or fail. And they’re right. Look at the difference between Equatorial Guinea and Botswana – both blessed with bountiful, precious natural resources. For years, payments for Botswana’s diamonds have been managed by transparent institutions – and that wealth has been shared with the nation. Whereas for decades, Equatorial Guinea has seen its mineral wealth siphoned off by a corrupt elite – all under a veil of secrecy. A few people have got rich, but the majority have stayed gut-wrenchingly poor a tragic result of broken institutions and a closed, secretive government. The truth is this – closed governments breed poverty. Look at Cuba and look at the United States – which way do the boats go? Look at Zimbabwe and South Africa - people crawling on their hands and knees to go from one to the other. Look at the people who so tragically have lost their lives crossing from the tip of Africa to Europe. For years I’ve argued there is a golden thread of conditions which allows countries to thrive the rule of law, the absence of conflict and corruption, the presence of strong property rights and institutions. And an open government should be woven deep into the heart of this thread. There are those who say a nation’s prosperity is determined by its geography, its climate, its religion. I say: nonsense. As the two Koreas show, as all these examples show, countries rise and fall depending on the economic system they adopt. And an open inclusive economic system, backed by open, inclusive political institutions is the best guarantor of success. The connection between the economic and political systems of a nation can be absolutely crucial. Of course there are market economies in closed political systems. But the best way to ensure an economy delivers long term success for all its people is to have it overseen by political institutions in which everyone can share. Where governments are the servants of the people, not the masters where close tabs are kept on the powerful and where the powerful are forced to act in the interests of the people, not a narrow clique. 영국의성공사례 This is why the transparency agenda is so important. In Britain we know this is true from our own history. We weren’t the world’s first industrial power just because of the coal and the iron ore beneath our soil. It was because we had secure property rights, relatively open and flexible markets for labour and capital and a system in which innovation, investment and enterprise could thrive. And – crucially - this was then all underpinned by relative political stability and the beginnings of a parliamentary democracy. We had closed the door on feudal economics and built political institutions that were capable of sharing power. Of course we must accept that one size will never fit all – and that different countries face different circumstances and challenges. 개방정부의 중요성에대한 소 결론 But the fundamental principle still remains: open governments – backing open economies - make for successful nations. What should we do about it? So that’s the argument. And the question facing us at this summit is what should we do about it? It’s a question for all of us – leaders, politicians, businesses, civil society and transparency activists. And in the time I’ve got left I want to tell you the 4 big things I believe we’ve got to do. 개방정부를 위한 캐머런 총리의 4대강령 1.Making the argument First, we’ve got to go out there and really make the argument for open government. We can’t just sit there and assume there is some great, inexorable trend towards political freedom. History isn’t written for us. It is written by us. -그의명언 이 주제에 대한 3가지 비아냥 When people tell us that this is all self satisfied lecturing and pie-in the sky nation building we’ve got to say no, it’s people who are demanding open government - from anti-corruption campaigners in India to the popular uprisings in the Arab world. When people say that pushing this agenda is an alternative to giving aid we’ve got to say no – we’ve got to do both - aid and open government can and should reinforce each other. And when people say look at all those successful examples of authoritarian capitalism around the world we’ve got to say no let’s have the confidence and the guts to say that democracy, property rights, equality before the law and a proper rule of law will win the day in the end. Together we’ve got to make open, inclusive institutions the international norm. As the Millennium Development Goals come to be replaced, open government must be at the heart of our efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. Things like health, education, nutrition - they’re all absolutely vital. And so is open government. The recent High Level Panel on development– which I co-chaired with the Presidents of Indonesia and Liberia – made this very clear we proposed concrete goals on the rule of law, property rights, free speech and media open political choice, access to justice - and tackling corruption. And as the UN Secretary General himself has said: Peace and stability, human rights and effective governance based on the rule of law and transparent institutions are outcomes and enablers of development. Now we’ve got to press ahead and make sure we get these kinds of goals embraced by the international community. 2.Translating words into deeds So that’s the first thing we’ve got to do. Second, we’ve got to translate words into deeds. We can’t just talk about open government – we’ve got to deliver. During Britain’s presidency of the G8 this year we promised a big push on transparency – in payments for natural resources, in open data, in property rights. We got world leaders to sign up to a Declaration which - in clear, plain language - commits us to action in all of these areas. Not least property rights. This is an area where we shouldn’t be nervous about pushing our agenda. As a country you can’t ‘do’ open institutions without ‘doing’ property rights as well. They are hugely important – the very bridge between open institutions and economic prosperity. Only if people know that their wealth won’t be stolen away by corrupt officials – or anyone else – will they actually press ahead and create that wealth. So this year at the G8 we agreed to help on the ground. The G8 countries are going to work with developing nations to strengthen their land policies and institutions and this is going to mean that people have clear rights to the land they live, farm and work on. Britain’s going to work specifically with the Tanzanian government creating a new Land Tenure Unit setting out who owns what across the country. And I want to pay tribute to President Kikwete of Tanzania who’s here today for all he’s doing to make this project a success. 3.Practising what we preach So that’s the second thing – words into deeds. Third, in developed countries we’ve got to practice what we preach. When we talk about transparency elsewhere, we’ve got to show it at home too. Over the past 3 and a half years the government I lead has been unprecedented in the information we’ve released. You can now map the crime on your streets, the standards in your schools and the performance of your hospitals. You can see the businesses and people who the government meets with, the names and roles of senior civil servants, not to mention the pay of many of our top officials. And I want us to go even further. So throughout this conference you’ll hear a raft of new commitments – not least on the NHS. But this transparency needs to extend beyond the public sector – and into the private sector too. We need to know who really owns and controls our companies. Not just who owns them legally, but who really benefits financially from their existence. For too long a small minority have hidden their business dealings behind a complicated web of shell companies and this cloak of secrecy has fuelled all manners of questionable practice - and downright illegality. Illegality that is bad for the developing world – as corrupt regimes stash their money abroad under different identities. And illegality that is bad for Britain’s economy too – as people evade their taxes through untraceable trails of paperwork. Not only is this hugely unfair to the millions of hardworking people in Britain who pay their tax it’s also bad for business. To keep corporate taxes low, you’ve got to keep corporate taxes coming in. As I’ve put it, no tax base – no low tax case. So that’s why we need to shine a spotlight on who owns what and where money is really flowing. This summer at the G8 we committed to do just that – to establish a central register of company beneficial ownership. And today I’m delighted to announce that not only is that register going to go ahead - but that it’s also going to be open to the public. Some people will question whether it’s right to make this register public. Surely we could get the same effect just by compiling the information and using it within government? Now, of course we in government will use this data to pursue those who break the rules. And we’re going to do it relentlessly. But there are so many wider benefits to making this information available to everyone. It’s better for businesses here – who will be able to better identify who really owns the companies they’re trading with. It’s better for developing countries – who will have easy access to all this data, without submitting endless requests for each line of enquiry. And it’s better for us all to have an open system which everyone has access to – the more eyes that look at this information, the more accurate it will be. This is a complete world first on transparency and I’m proud Britain is leading the way. And today I call on the rest of the world to join us in this journey. Together we can make an even bigger difference. And together we can close the door on these shadowy, corrupt, illegal practices once and for all. 4.Supporting transparency groups Making the argument. Words into deeds. Practicing what we preach. Things that we’ve got to do. And there’s one more thing. We’ve got to give our full-throated support for groups that promote transparency – not least the Open Government Partnership. This is a truly exciting institution. Rather than getting bogged down in endless communiqués, 수렁에빠지다. the OGP is all about concrete reform. 원유와 천연가스의 국제적 협력체(OGP) Look around this room - 61 members and over 1,000 specific commitments between us in just two years. We’ve got the Liberian government here who have pioneered citizen budgets, giving people a greater say on how their money is spent. We’ve got representatives from the Philippines who are letting the public audit major government projects. And we’ve got people here from Brazil and Croatia, who have introduced their first freedom of information laws. These are huge, practical steps. And I’m pleased to welcome this morning Vice-President Boediono of Indonesia and Rakesh Rajani of Twaweza who are taking over as the organisation’s lead co-chairs. Rest assured you can count on Britain’s full support in the battles ahead. Conclusion I want to finish by saying this. None of what I’ve outlined today is easy for politicians. Transparency brings risks – indeed we often find that out here on a day to day basis. But it is absolutely critical. Time and again history has shown that us open governments make for successful nations. From the children across Africa who depend on it, to the pensioners in this country who rely on it – it matters. So let’s keep the momentum up, keep going and when history comes to be written make sure that we weren’t found wanting. Thank you very much.
Posted on: Sat, 02 Nov 2013 04:44:06 +0000
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