(5ai) (a) Entropy: This is the degree of disorderliness of a substance. The entropy of a gas is higher than that of liquid and the liquid is higher than entropy of a solid sunstance (b) Enthalpy: This occurs when heat is liberated or remove from the sorrounding when heat is liberated to the surrounding ^H is said to be negative hence we have exothermic reaction when ^H is positive heat is removed from the reaction (c) Free energy: this is the energy required for a reaction to be occured in a chemical system. (5aii) - Concentration of reactants - Surface area of reactants particles - Temperature of the system - Light for a photochemical reaction - Catalyst (5bi) Chemical equilibrum: this occur when the rate of backward reaction is equal to the rate of forward reaction. N2+3H2---------->2NH3 if the rate at which nitrogen and oxygen react to produce ammonia is equal to the rate at which ammonia decomposed to give nitrogen and hydrogen, we say chemical equilibrum is acheived (5ci) Lechatelier principle states that if a changes occur in a chemical system, the system will shift so as to annul the effect of the changes (5cii) H2(g)+Cl2(g)-----> 2Hcl(g) Pressure has no effect in this reaction because the rate of backward reaction is equal to the rate of forward reaction 3H2(g)+N2(g) 2NH3(g) Increase in pressure forward reaction i.e more of ammonia would be formed of lower gaseous volume while decrease in pressure favours backward reaction because of higher gaseous volume. GOODLUCK IN YOUR EXAMS and always remember to tell your friends in other schools about Exam Solution Villa
Posted on: Fri, 31 May 2013 09:39:04 +0000
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