A stray, Xenophanes of Colophon, like most intellectuals of that era philosopher, interested in nature. Challenging the theories of his predecessors, he said, the surface of the Earth is flat, but its foundations extend to infinity. The land is a source of water and wind source. Man is born of earth and water. But the strongest criticism of Xenophanes relate to religion. Men Gods grant a body, a voice similar to their clothing. For Ethiopians, the gods are black; for the Thracians, they have blue eyes and red hair. If the oxen could paint, they would paint the Gods, their image. This review is the anthropomorphic figuration and literary gods. It is no sign of atheism Xenophanes does admit the existence of a different God mortals by the body and the mind. Yet it is from 545 BC philosophers begin to truly open perspectives on the world around them. At that time, in fact, Pythagoras of Samos, fled the tyranny of Polycrates. And he began to travel extensively; taking advantage of this opportunity to explore the lands he meets along the way. So he went to Babylon. There he met the Magi, and the Disciples of Zoroaster. He toured Egypt he visited Memphis, and it has many contacts with the Occult Sciences Initiates. He finds himself confronted with High Priests holders related Secrets - among others - the Golden Number. He draws from them a multitude of teachings. It will then Syria, Judea, gathers information from the School of the Chaldeans and examines their Sacred monuments. And finally, he left for the West, entering Gaul. He then maintains relationships with mysterious Druids; he considers men absolutely amazing. Then Pythagoras settled in Crotona, Southern Italy. He founded a philosophical school where Science and Wisdom closely intertwined. His early writings first refer to Hyperborea and ancient myths surrounding its existence. Then he wrote treaties revealing the mysteries of the Universal Cosmogony. Gradually, his research led him to esotericism, the Symbolic Math and Geometry. And it is at this time that he discovered the principles of his famous theorem, or that is associated with the intellectual life of Miletus and activities of Thales and Anaximander. But new developments, the disciples of Pythagoras are bound to a strict collective life. Intellectual speculation accompanied by physical exercises. Vegetarianism is the rule that excludes all meat diet, while murder to be alive. Pythagoras is quickly becoming a legend, son of Apollo or Hermes, gifted with extraordinary powers. The Pythagoreans were among the first to develop, about the sound, the concept of Music of the Spheres. In fact, after his death, rumors began to run about: one claims that he was the reincarnation of the Hyperborean Apollo. Another said he was able to initiate the soul Harmony World Music by: This discipline helped the soul to release more easily from its carnal ties, and to escape the cycle of Rebirth. It could also assist to get on the island of the blessed; ie, in the Sun or the Moon. . A third still states that Divine Secrets were revealed when he studied Symbolic Mathematics and Geometry. And a final spread that through him, Sects were formed to Docres to Méponte, or Taranto. Tyrants have policies prestigious launch major projects, stimulate the economies of their cities. The site of Delphi is further embellished. But tyranny is only a temporary remedy for the crisis because the aristocratic regimes emerge even more weakened. This is the conclusion that the Athenian Cleisthenes takes the fall of the last tyrants. This aristocrat, scion of the powerful family of Alcmaeonidae established democracy in Athens. Around 508 BC, it establishes a system of isonomy, ie equality before the law. In his view, only the power-sharing ensures the stability of the city. Cleisthenes divided Attica into a hundred municipalities, edema, located in three equal parts: the Mesogea - inside - Paralia - the odds - and Astu - the city -. The population is divided into ten tribes, which found three distinctions inside the coast and the city. It thus gives rise to a civic body, which exceeds the sum of local or family interests and managed to substitute a political community archaic communities: the strength of its reform. Power is thus entrusted to a board of 500 members drawn - 50 per tribe -. During the ten subdivisions of the new political agenda, or prytanies the prytanes ensure, in turn, the permanence of the state. Power must therefore flow through the whole body of citizens. Cleisthenes designs reform based on a wide geometric vision of the city - as if the harmony of the latter chaired a mathematical reason -. After fifty years, Hippodamos Miletus also follows this idea. For him, the city must be built on a rational plan, involving large sets each of which receives a specific function. The residential area should be separate from that focus religious institutions. Markets must be adjacent port. For a system whose monumental porticos are a cornerstone, the agora must take place at the junction of these units. Hippodamos thus reconstructed their town after it was destroyed in 494 BC by the Persians. Then they called on him to Piraeus and Athens. Greek world coincides indeed with the reemergence of Science and Philosophy at the borders of the Eastern Civilization. Thinkers rely on logic to organize the world, explain its creation and operation. In the first half of the century, Thales of Miletus and his disciples, Anaximander and Anaximenes, Heraclitus of Ephesus sought to give the Universe an original principle. Science and Philosophy in turn influenced legislators: by offering a new vision of the city, they have allowed them to overcome the archaic. But sometimes we see in the streets of the cities of characters dressed in white. They belong to the Orphic cult. On the basis of their mode of life, they refuse to participate in sacrifices. For them, it is an act of cannibalism. But Orphism is a religion based on sacred books that tell of the creation of the world and the genealogy of the gods. It offers its loyal insurance for the afterlife: the shelves of ritual formulas, placed in tombs, must protect the deceased in the afterlife. Parmenides is one of the heirs of Cleisthenes, who, he wants to continue the work of his Master. Around 500 BCE, it is one of the closest theories of his time thinkers. His major work is a poem in epic verse, From Nature, which opens with the story of a revelation: the chariot of Parmenides is carried to the Light of the Sun by the girls arrived at the palace of Dike, the justice, who announced his destiny: to know everything, the truth as the opinions of men. Same thing suggests and be; Being this is unique, eternal, immovable and immutable. Another Insider Pythagoras Iximèdre, he is particularly interested in mysteries related to the Golden. Taught by Egyptian priests who use it in their rituals Pharaonic, he realizes that this figure Mystique enjoys immense prestige since the earliest times. He inspired surveyors, masons and the most famous architects of Old. Iximèdre also learn that several geometric figures - such as the pentacle or pentagram - are directly related. In fact, in Pythagorean, the pentagram soon became a symbol of Life, Eternity and Health. The icosahedron twenty pentagonal faces, he represents the whole Universe. Then, around 485 BC, born philosopher Zeno of Elea. Disciple of Parmenides, he directs his thoughts to the fields of mathematics and logic. Opposing the Pythagoreans, he wants to show that the unit e is sufficient to itself and a number is not divisible or indivisible infinity. While his side, Protagoras - which has an encyclopedic knowledge - also wrote on mathematics, the art of wrestling, eristic; rhetorical technique to outweigh its interlocutors. His skeptical doctrine is summed up in a striking phrase: Man is the measure of all things. Protagoras does not lapse into cynicism of other philosophers. It intends to form virtuous men and good citizens. Refusing to affirm the existence of the gods, Protagoras leaves Athens at the age of 65. Towards the middle of the century, Ephesus, Heraclitus believed that the Sun is as wide as a mans foot. He imagines that the universe is governed by the antagonism of opposites that constantly exchange their properties. Cold becomes hot, wet dry, and vice versa. Based on its physical design elements themselves caught in a cycle of transformations from the primary element is fire. At the same time, Empedocles of Agrigento, Mage and philosopher, is the author of a didactic poem, On the Nature, in which he explains that everything arises from the interplay of the four natural elements, which are assembled and undo the action of Love and Hate. And a little later, Herodotus Thourioi exposes his research to prevent men have done over time, not fades from memory, and great and marvelous exploits both the barbarians by the Greeks never ceases to be renamed. Desiring to save the past from oblivion, the author proposes first ethnographic investigations that reveal the strangeness of the lifestyle of the Egyptians, Persians or Scythians. In this knowledge based on autopsy of the traveler, adds another based on the rumor that allows him to tell stories that are a special place between the historical novel and the Myth, where the adventures and the wonderful overlap endless. Herodotus thus collects texts on Hyperborea - or Thule - which, according to its sources, is an ice island in the Far North protected by Griffons, beyond the Arctic. According to them, this is where the first men of the present age - the Titans - lived and spread out around the world. He then wrote: This segment of land where Thule rests, the day is more than twenty hours. . Or Other islands, three in number, very far from the first, appear to West. It is on one of them that Chronos is held prisoner by Zeus. For, on this island, the time is suspended and no longer flows. But it is also here that, according to some stories Ive read, lie the remains of a high civilization whose stunning backdrops represent Griffons. . He also reports a Legend that this country hides an incredible Force related tellurism Earth, and it is the latter which is the very origin of the Hellenistic World.
Posted on: Wed, 16 Jul 2014 12:35:55 +0000
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