Ahilyabai Holkar Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar (31 May 1725 – 13 August 1795), was the Holkar Queen of the Maratha ruled Malwa kingdom, India. Rajmata Ahilyabai was born in the village of Chondi in Jamkhed, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. She moved the capital to Maheshwar south of Indore on the Narmada River. Ahilyabai’s husband Khanderao Holkar was killed in the battle of Kumbher in 1754. Twelve years later, her fatherin- law, Malhar Rao Holkar, died. A year after that she was crowned as the queen of the Malwa kingdom. She tried to protect her kingdom from Thugs, the plunderers. She personally led armies into battle. She appointed Tukojirao Holkar as the Chief of Army. Rani Ahilyabai was a great builder and patron of many Hindu temples which embellished Maheshwar and Indore. She also built temples and Dharmshala (free lodging) at sacred sites outside her kingdom, at prominent religious places like Dwarka in Gujarat east to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Varanasi on the Ganges, Ujjain, Nasik, Vishnupad Mandir, Gaya and Parali Baijnath in Maharashtra. Seeing the destroyed and desecrated temple in Somanath, Rani Ahilyabai built a temple where Lord Shiva is still worshipped by Hindus. 1 Early life Ahilyabai was born on 31 May 1725 in the village of Chaundi, in the present-day Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. Her father, Mankoji Shinde (Dhangar), was the patil of the village. Women then did not go to school, but Ahilyabai’s father taught her to read and write. Her entrance on to the stage of history was something of an accident: Malhar Rao Holkar, a commander in the service of the Peshwa Bajirao and lord of the Malwa territory, stopped in Chaundi on his way to Pune and, according to legend, saw the eight-year-old Ahilyabai at the temple service in the village. Recognising her piety and her character, he brought the girl to the Holkar territory as a bride for his son, Khanderao (1723–1754). She was married to Khanderao in 1733. She was very brave. 2 Reign Ahilya Bai’s husband Khanderao was killed during the siege of Kumbher in 1754. Twelve years later, her fatherin- law, Malharrao died. Malharrao was succeeded by The Royal Palace of Maheshwar Courtyard of the royal palace (Rajwada), Maheshwar Statue of Ahilya Bai Holkar in the royal palace, Maheshwar Malerao, the only son of Khanderao, but he also died on 5 April 1767. From 1767 until her death in 1795, she ruled Malwa, trained in both administrative and military matters by Malhar Rao. A letter to her from Malhar Rao in 1765 illustrates the trust he had in her ability during 1 2 3 VIEWS ABOUT HER the tempestuous battle for power in the 18th century: “Proceed to Gwalior after crossing the Chambal. You may halt there for four or five days. You should keep your big artillery and arrange for its ammunition as much as possible….On the march you should arrange for military posts being located for protection of the road.” Already trained to be a ruler, Ahilyabai petitioned the Peshwa after Malhar’s death, and the death of her son, to take over the administration herself. Some in Malwa objected to her assumption of rule, but the army of Holkar was enthusiastic about her leadership. She had led them in person, with four bows and quivers of arrows fitted to the corners of the howdah of her favourite elephant. The Peshwa granted her permission on 11 December 1767, and, with Subhedar Tukojirao Holkar (Malharrao’s adopted son) as the head of military matters, she proceeded to rule Malwa in a most enlightened manner, even reinstating a Brahmin who had opposed her. Ahilyabai never observed purdah but held daily public audience and was always accessible to anyone who needed her ear. Among Ahilyabai’s accomplishments was the development of Indore from a small village to a prosperous and beautiful city; her own capital, however, was in nearby Maheshwar, a town on the banks of the Narmada river. She also built forts and roads in Malwa, sponsored festivals and gave donations for regular worship in many Hindu temples. Outside Malwa, she built dozens of temples, ghats, wells, tanks and rest-houses across an area stretching from the Himalayas to pilgrimage centres in South India. The Bharatiya Sanskritikosh lists as sites she embellished, Kashi, Gaya, Somnath, Ayodhya, Mathura, Hardwar, Kanchi, Avanti, Dwarka, Badrinarayan, Rameshwar and Jaganathpuri. Ahilyadevi also rejoiced when she saw bankers, merchants, farmers and cultivators rise to levels of affluence, but did not consider that she had any legitimate claim to any of that wealth, be it through taxes or feudal right. She must, in fact, have financed all her activities with the lawful gains obtained from a happy and prosperous land. There are many stories of her care for her people. She helped widows retain their husbands’ wealth. She made sure that a widow was allowed to adopt a son; in fact, in one instance, when her minister refused to allow the adoption unless he was suitably bribed, she is said to have sponsored the child herself, and given him clothes and jewels as part of the ritual. To honour the memory of Ahilyadevi Holkar, in 1996 leading citizens of Indore instituted an award in her name to be bestowed annually on an outstanding public figure. The prime minister of India gave away the first award to Nanaji Deshmukh. The only time Ahilyadevi seems not to have been able to settle a conflict peacefully and easily was in the case of the Bhils and Gonds, “plunderers” on her borders; but she granted them waste hilly lands and the right to a small duty on goods passing through their territories. Even in this case, according to Malcolm, she did give “considerate attention to their habits”. Ahilyabai’s capital at Maheshwar was the scene of literary, musical, artistic and industrial enterprise. She entertained the famous Marathi poet, Moropant and the shahir, Anantaphandi from Maharashtra, and also patronised the Sanskrit scholar, Khushali Ram. Craftsmen, sculptors and artists received salaries and honours at her capital, and she even established a textile industry in the city of Maheshwar. Historians of the 19th and 20th centuries—Indian, English and American—agree that the reputation of Ahilyabai Holkar in Malwa and Maharashtra was then, and is, even now, that of a saint. Nothing has ever been discovered by any researcher to discredit that. She was truly a magnificent woman, an able ruler and a great queen. After her death, she was succeeded by Tukojirao Holkar I, her commander-in-chief, who soon abdicated the throne in favour of his son Kashirao Holkar in 1797. 3 Views about her A quote by Ahilya bai at Maheshwar Palace. “The reign of Ahilyabai, of Indore in central India, lasted for 30 Yrs. This has become almost legendary as a period during which perfect order and good Government prevailed and the people prospered. She was a very able ruler and organizer, highly respected during her lifetime, 3 and considered as a saint by a grateful people after her death.”[1] An English poem written by Joanna Baillie in 1849 reads:[2] “For thirty years her reign of peace, The land in blessing did increase; And she was blessed by every tongue, By stern and gentle, old and young. Yea, even the children at their mothers feet Are taught such homely rhyming to repeat “In latter days from Brahma came, To rule our land, a noble Dame, Kind was her heart, and bright her fame, And Ahlya was her honoured name.” “The Great DhangarMaratha lady who affords the noblest example of wisdom, goodness and virtue. One english writer quoted that which Akbar is among male sovereigns, is Ahlia Baie among female sovereigns”.[3] “Ahilyabai’s extraordinary ability won her the regard of her subjects and of the other Maratha confederates, including Nana Phadnavis. Collecting oral memories of her in the 1820s, Sir John Malcolm, the British official most directly concerned with the settlement of central India, seems to have become deeply enamourned of her. “With the natives of Malwa ... her name is sainted and she is styled an avatar or Incarnation of the Divinity. In the most sober view that can be taken of her character, she certainly appears, within her limited sphere, to have been one of the purest and most exemplary rulers that ever existed”.[4] Her latest biographers call her The Philosopher Queen, a reference perhaps to the Philosopher king Bhoj.”[5] “Ahilyabai Holkar, the philosopher-queen of Malwa, had evidently been an acute observer of the wider political scene. In a letter to the peshwa in 1772 she had warned against association with the British, and likened their embrace to a bear-hug: “Other beasts, like tigers, can be killed by might or contrivance, but to kill a bear it is very difficult. It will die only if you kill it straight in the face, Or else, once caught in its powerful hold, the bear will kill its prey by tickling. Such is the way of the English. And in view of this, it is difficult to triumph over them.”[6] “This great ruler in Indore encouraged all within her realm to do their best, Merchants produced their finest cloths, trade flourished, the farmers were at peace and oppression ceased, for each case that came to the queens notice was dealt with severely. She loved to see her people prosper, and to watch the fine cities grow, and to watch that her subjects were not afraid to display their wealth, lest the ruler should snatch it from them. Far and wide the roads were planted with shady trees, and wells were made, and rest-houses for travellers. The poor, the homeless, the orphaned were all helped according to their needs. The Bhils who had long been the torment of all caravans, were routed from their mountain fastnesses and persuaded to settle down as honest farmers. Hindu and Musalman alike revered the famous Queen and prayed for her long life. Her last great sorrow was when her daughter became a Sati upon the death of Yashwantrao Phanse. Ahalya Bai was seventy years old when her long and splendid life closed. Indore long mourned its noble Queen, happy had been her reign, and her memory is cherished with deep reverence unto this day.[7] “From the original papers and letters, it becomes clear that she was first-class politician, and that was why she readily extended her support to Mahadji Shinde. I have no hesitation in saying that without the support of Ahilyabai, Mahadji would never have gained so much importance in the politics of northern India.”[8] “Definitely no woman and no ruler is like Ahilyabai Holkar.”[9] “It reveals beyond doubt that all ideal virtues described by Plato and Bhismacharya were present in her personality like Dilip, Janak, Shri Ram, Shri Krishna and Yudhishthir. After through scrutiny of the long history of the world we find only one personality of Lokmata Devi Ahilya that represents an absolutely ideal ruler.”[10] Over the years, in independent India, the city of Indore, when compared to neighbouring Bhopal, Jabalpur or Gwalior, has progressed dramatically: economically, through business and financial prowess, politically and in all possible ways cities are supposed to progress. In fact, the local population proudly states that they live in mini- Mumbai, a reference to the great metropolis pulsing 600 km away. The good deeds of Devi Ahilyabai, her dedication to religion and her policies are enriching the city even today! The faith and belief in the good vibes of Indore go to such an extent that local inhabitants say that if you have lived in Indore for a thousand days, you are unlikely to leave it! Long live Devi Ahilya! A commemorative stamp[11] was issued in her honour on 25 August 1996 by the Republic of India. As a tribute to the great ruler, Indore domestic airport has been named Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport. Similarly, Indore university has been renamed as “Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya”. 4 Works throughout India It was the speciality of Holkar family that they did not use public funds to meet their personal and family expenses. They had their personal fund from their private property. Devi Ahilya inherited personal fund which at that time was estimated to be sixteen crores rupees. Ahilyabai used personal fund in charitable works.[12] Alampur (MP) – Harihareshwar, Batuk, Malharimarthand, Surya, Renuka, Ram Hanuman Temples, Shriram Temple, Laxmi Narayan Temple, 4 4 WORKS THROUGHOUT INDIA Fort Ahilya in Maheshwar Ahilya Ghat, Varanasi Maruti Temple, Narsinh Temple, Khanderao Martand Temple, Memorial of Malharrao (I) Amarkanthak- Shri Vishweshwar Temple, Kotithirth Temple, Gomukhi Temple, Dharamshala, Vansh Kund Amba Gaon – Lamps for temple Anand Kanan – Vishweshwar Temple Ayodhya (U.P)– Built Shri Ram Temple, Shri Treta Ram Temple, Shri Bhairav Temple, Nageshwar/ Siddhnath Temple, Sharayu Ghat, well, Swargadwari Mohatajkhana, Dharamshalas Badrinath Temple (Uttarakhand) – Shri Kedareshwar and Hari Temples, Dharamshalas (Rangdachati, Bidarchati, Vyasganga, Tanganath, Pawali), Manu kunds (Gaurkund, Kundachatri), Garden and Warm Water Kund at Dev Prayag, Pastoral land for cows Beed – Jirnnodhar of a Ghat. Belur (Karnataka) – Ganpati, Pandurang, Jaleshwar, Khandoba, Tirthraj and Fire temples, Kund Bhanpura – Nine Temples and Dharmashala The current structure of Vishnupad Temple is built by Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar in 1787 Ahilya Bai’s Fort Bharatpur – Temple, Dharmashala, Kund Bhimashankar – Garibkhana Bhusawal – Changadev Temple Bitthur – Bhramaghat Burhanpur (MP) – Raj Ghat, Ram Ghat, Kund Chandwad Waphegaon – Vishnu Temple and Renuka Temple Chaundi – Chaudeshwaridevi Temple, Sineshwar Mahadev temple, Ahilyeshwar Temple, Dharamshala, Ghat, 5 Ahilya Bai’s Temple Shikhar Ahilya Bai’s Temple Chitrakoot – Pranpratishta of Shri Ramchandra Cikhalda – Annakshetra Dwarka(Gujrath) – Mohatajkhana, Pooja House and gave some villages to priest Ellora –Grishneshwar Temple of Red Stone Gangotri – Vishwanath, Kedarnath, Annapurna, Bhairav Temples, many Dharmashalas Gaya (Bihar) – Vishnupad Temple Gokarn – Rewaleshwar Mahadev temple, Holkar wada, Garden and Garibkhana Gruneshwar (Verul) – Shivalaya Tirth Handiya – Siddhanath Temple, ghat and dharmashala Haridwar (Uttarakhand) – Kushawarth Ghat and a Huge Dharmashala Hrishikesh – Many temples, Shrinathji and Govardhan ram temples Indore – Many Temples and ghats Jagannath Puri (Orrisa) – Shri Ramchandra Temple, Dharmashala and Garden Jalgaon – Ram Mandir Jamghat – Bhumi dwar Jamvgaon – Donated for Ramdas swami Math Jejuri – Malhargautameshwar, Vitthal, Martand Temple, Janai Mahadev and Malhar lakes Karmanasini River – Bridge Kashi (Benaras) – Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Shri Tarakeshwar, Shri Gangaji, Ahilya Dwarkeshwar, Gautameshwar, Many Mahadev Temples, Temple Ghats, Manikarnika Ghat, Dashaaswamegh Ghat, Janana Ghat, Ahilya Ghat, UttarKashi Dharmashala, Rameshwar Panchkoshi Dharmashala, Kapila Dhara Dharmashala, Shitala Ghat Kedarnath – Dharmashala and Kund Kolhapur – Facilities for temple pooja Kumher – Well and Memorial of Prince Khandera khargone - fort and many temples and ghats Kurukshetra (Haryana) – Shiv Shantanu Mahadev Temple, Panchkund Ghat, Laxmikund Ghat Maheshwar – Hundreds of temples, ghats, dharmashalas and houses Mamaleshwar Mahadev Himachal Pradesh – Lamps Manasa Devi – Seven temples Mandaleshwar – Shiv Temple Ghat Datta Mandir (Mangaon) – Datta Mandir, Near Sawantwadi, Konkan, Maharashtra, India Miri (Ahmednagar) – Bhairav Temple in 1780 Naimabar(MP) – Temple Nandurbar – Temple, Well Nathdwara – Ahilya Kund, Temple, Well Neelkantha Mahadev – Shivalaya and Gomukh 6 6 IN POPULAR CULTURE Nemisharanya(UP) – Mahadev Madi, Nimsar Dharmashala, Go-ghat, Cakrithirth kund Nimgaon (Nashik) – Well Omkareshwar (MP) – Mamaleshwar Mahadev, Amaleshwar, Trambakeshwar Temples (Jirnnodhar), Gauri Somnath Temple, Dharmashalas, Wells Ozar (Ahmednagar) – 2 wells and kund Panchawati, Nasik – Shri Ram Temple, Gora Mahadev temple, Dharmashala, Vishweshwar Temple, Ramghat, Dharmashala Parli Vaijnath, Parli Vaijnath – Shri Vaidyanath Mandir Pandharpur (Maharashtra) – Shri Ram Temple, Tulsibag, Holkar wada, Sabha Mandap, Dharmashala and gave silver utensil for the temple, Well-Which known by Bagirao well. Pimplas(Nashik) – well Prayag (Allahabad UP) – Vishnu Temple, Dharmashala, Garden, Ghat, Palace Pune – Ghat Puntambe (Maharashtra) – Ghat on Godavari river Pushkar – Ganpati Temple, Dharmashala, Garden Rameshwar (TN) – Hanuman Temple, Shri Radha Krishna Temple, Dharmashala, Well, Garden etc. Rampura – Four Temples, Dharmashala and houses Raver – Keshav Kund Sakargaon – well Sambhal – Laxmi Narayan Temple and two wells Sangamner – Ram Temple Saptashrungi – Dharmashala Sardhana Meerut – Chandi Devi Temple Saurashtra (Guj) – Somnath Temple in 1785. (Jirnnodhdhar and Pran Prathistha) Siddhivinayak temples inner sanctum at Siddhatek in Ahmednagar District Shri Nagnath (Darukhvan) – Started pooja in 1784 Srisailam Mallikarjun (Kurnool, AP) – Temple of Lord Shiva Shri Shambhu Mahadev Mountain Shingnapur (Maharashtra) – Well Shri Vaijenath (Parali, Maha) – Jirnnodhar of Baijenath Temple in 1784 Shri Vhigneshwar – Lamps Sinhpur – Shiv Temple and ghat Sulpeshwar – Mahadev Temple, annakshetra Sultanpur (Khandesh) – Temple Tarana – Tilabhandeshwar Shiv temple, Khedapati, Shriram Temple, Mahakali Temple Tehari (Bundelkhand) – Dharmashala Trimbakeshwar (Nashik) – Bridge on Kushawarth Ghat Ujjain (MP) – Chintaman Ganapati, Janardhan, Shrilila urushottam, Balaji Tilakeshwar, Ramjanaki Ras Mandal, Gopal, Chitnis, Balaji, Ankpal, Shiv and many other temples, 13 ghats, well and many Dharmashalas etc. Varanasi, Kashi Vishwanath Temple 1780.[13] Vrindavan (Mathura) – Chain Bihari Temple, Kaliyadeha Ghat, Chirghat and many other ghats, Dharmashala, Annakstra Wafgaon (Rajgurunagar, Pune) – Holkar wada and one well Ambad (maharashtra) -Matsodari Devi Mandir 5 Book In Marathi Punyashlok Ahilya by M. S. Dixit Ahilyabai by Hiralal Sharma Ahilyabai Charitra by Purshottam Ahilyabai Charitra by Mukund Vaman Barve Karmayogini by Vijaya Jahagirdar Dnyat Adnyat Ahilyabai Holakar by Vinaya Khadapekar PAL SAMAAJ ON SAMAAJ 6 In popular culture A film titled Devi Ahilya Bai was produced in 2002 featuring Mallika Prasad as Devi Ahilya Bai, Shabana Azmi as Harkubai (Khaanda Rani, one of Malhar Rao Holkar’s wives) and also including Sadashiv Amrapurkar as Malhar Rao Holkar, Ahilyabai’s father in law.[14] 7 A 20-minute documentary was made by Educational Multimedia Research Centre Indore, about life and time of Devi Ahilya bai holkar. In Thane City in Maharashtra, a children’s play park has been named as Ahilyadevi Holkar Udyan after Queen Ahilya Bai. Also a road has been named after her in the same city. Indores airport is named after her.. 7 See also Dhangar Ahir clans Maratha Maratha Empire Maratha clan system List of Maratha dynasties and states Holkar Bhonsle Gaekwad Scindia Puars Peshwa 8 References [1] Jawaharlal Nehru:Discovery of India, 2004, page-304 [2] English poem written by Jaonna Baillie, London, 1849. [3] Quote of an English writer given in the Book Ahilya Bai Holkar by Khadpekar [4] Malcolm, J., A Memoir of Central India, quoted in Kamath, M. B. and Kher, V. B., Devi Ahalyabai Holkar: The Philosopher Queen, p.85 and Quoted in John Keay, India: A History, p. 407 [5] John Keay, India: A History, p. 407, Gordon, S., The Marathas etc., p. 162 [6] John Keay, India: A History, p.425. reference of Sardesai, G. S., Marathi Riyasat, Bombay, 1925, quoted in Kamath, M. B. and Kher, V. B., Devi Ahalyabai Holkar: The Philosopher Queen, p.126 and Quoted in [7] Dr. Annie Besant, Ahalyabai – A Great Ruler, Children of the Mother Land, Page 290-291. [8] Renowned Historian Mr. Judunath Sarkar [9] Nizam of Hyderabad. [10] Arvind Javlekar, Lokmata Ahilyabai. p. 140 [11] “Ahilyabai Holkar”. Indianpost. 25 August 1996. Retrieved 2012-09-17. [12] Arvind Javlekar, Lokmata Ahilyabai. 2005. p. 62. [13] “Shri Kashi Vishwanath Temple – A Brief history”. [14] “NFDC: Cinemas of india”. Nfdcindia. Retrieved 2012-09-17. 9 External links Ahilyadevi Holkar: A Magnificent Ruler, Saintly Administrator 8 10 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 10.1 Text Ahilyabai Holkar Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahilyabai_Holkar?oldid=622088580 Contributors: Charles Matthews, Dimadick, Ragib, Utcursch, Pamri, Necrothesp, Rich Farmbrough, Salilb, Woohookitty, Tabletop, Rjwilmsi, Valentinian, CJLL Wright, Siddhant, Deeptrivia, Badagnani, Welsh, Thiseye, Asarelah, Arundhati bakshi, AMbroodEY, Sahyadri, Zyxw, Chris the speller, Bluebot, ImpuMozhi, Shivap, OrphanBot, Radagast83, Ohconfucius, Shyamsunder, Neddyseagoon, Ambuj.Saxena, Maleabroad, Sganeshkumar 1989, Drinibot, Katya0133, Cydebot, Bharath12345, Epbr123, Joy1963, Missvain, RobotG, IndianGeneralist, Alphachimpbot, Trakesht, Ekabhishek, Bakasuprman, Dsp13, Faizhaider, Waacstats, Cpbaherwani, Ravichandar84, RnB, CommonsDelinker, Ncmvocalist, Redtigerxyz, Shariqkhan, Devesh.bhatta, Moonriddengirl, WereSpielChequers, Vanished user ewfisn2348tui2f8n2fio2utjfeoi210r39jf, Unsigned1, Dratuldixit5, Spidermen, XLinkBot, RogDel, Bgag, Addbot, Numbo3-bot, Lightbot, Gauri datar, Ettrig, Yobot, Fraggle81, Andhraking1, Dewan357, TheShepherds, Dakutaa, Kesangh, FrescoBot, Jaiswalganga, Siddappa, TheHyksos, Jethwarp, Linguisticgeek, RjwilmsiBot, John of Reading, Vinod rakte, MALLUS, Rakeshnandi1990, Harshit Agrawal, ClueBot NG, Rimuchopra, Titodutta, KnockingHard, Parik92, ChrisGualtieri, FoCuSandLeArN, VIAFbot, WBRSin, Ex-scindia31, Tentinator, Gayle.k.d., Soranoch, Mallikaprasadsinha, Hemant Budhwani, DrNibby and Anonymous: 70 10.2 Images File:Ahilya1.JPG Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Ahilya1.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rakeshnandi1990 File:Ahilya_3.JPG Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Ahilya_3.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rakeshnandi1990 (Rakesh Nandi) File:Ahilya_4.JPG Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Ahilya_4.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rakeshnandi1990 (Rakesh Nandi) File:Ahilya_Ghat_by_the_Ganges,_Varanasi.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Ahilya_Ghat_by_ the_Ganges%2C_Varanasi.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as Ganges and Ghats - Varanasi Original artist: Ken Wieland File:Commons-logo.svg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? 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File:Fort_ahilya_coolspark.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Fort_ahilya_coolspark.jpg License: CCBY- 2.0 Contributors: Fort Ahilya on the Narmada Original artist: cool_spark from Bengaluru, India File:Maheshwar_Palace.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Maheshwar_Palace.jpg License: CC0 Contributors: Olympus Camera Original artist: Prabhat Kumar File:Rajwada_of_Ahilya_Bai.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Rajwada_of_Ahilya_Bai.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Bernard Gagnon File:Royal_Palace_of_Maheshwar.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Royal_Palace_of_Maheshwar. jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Bernard Gagnon File:Statue_of_Ahilya_Bai_Holkar.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Statue_of_Ahilya_Bai_Holkar. jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Bernard Gagnon File:Vishnupadh_Temple.jpg Source: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Vishnupadh_Temple.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Vanshidhar singh 10.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
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