Albert John San Diego Francis Beri Jonas Talatala Manong Loid Angelo Sandoval Lacang Belle Bisquera Daisy Manla Mahilomcaso James Perry Monterola Pao Palomares Aceihn Capuz Lorie Mae Mahinay ENGLISH WLA PA UNG EXAMPLE GAGWIN PLNG COPY NLNG SKEN ^^ AYUSIN NYO NLNG SA MS WORLD Functional Grammar in a Nutshell 1. Verb and Subject, the verb must always agree w/ is subject and number (singular & plural) and person (first, second, third persons). 2. Information questions beginning with the 5W’s and 1H use its modals made, must, should, can. This model are also usually use in announcement. Questions starting any of the (what, when, who, why, where) 1H how Helping verbs). 3. Imperative- (the sentences) give directions, to show sequence, the words first, next, then, finally, etc. are use. 4. Linking verbs- (is, are, was, were, seemed, etc) are followed by subject compliments. 5. Common Nouns- may be concrete or abstract nouns may vary or change their meanings w/ the additions of a fixes to their roots just like other words. 6. This Coordinating Conjunctions (and, moreover, farther more, and addition to, besides) signal or introduce an addition. On the, Coordinating Conjunction (but, However, never the lest, still, yet) the demote contrast of opposing sides or ideas to or more simple sentences join buy coordinating conjunction make a confound sentence. 7. The Adjective unusual, block, wet, cold, water, soften, outer, etc. Give very description of things got are seemed, spelled, touched of felt. Adjective are use one before nouns (1) to between nouns determiners and nouns and. After linking verb. 8. The past forms of verbs are the same 4 person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and numbers (singular and plural) regular verbs in end/ed for the simple paste. Irregular verbs, however, form there, and perfect cords by changing letters even words as in break broken-broke. 9. A verb should agree in number with each subject: singular subject is (any sing oral form of verb); plural subject are or simple present form of any verb. 10. Future tense or time is express with will and shall plus the simple form of the verb. Other ways expressing future time. 1. Present form of the verb-the bus leaves tonight. 2. Be form plus progressive form- they are coming to the program 3. Be plus going to plus form a verb- I am going to write you very soon, going to and will express future time- don’t drive tofast, We will crash. Where going to crash. 11. The cause-effect relationship it expressed by: Since so that Hence consequently Thus as a result Because accordingly Therefore for this reason Never the less this led to If… them etc. 12. Degrees of comparison of adjective and adverbs positive (just one). Comparative (for two) and superlative (for 3 or more). 13. Sentences cohere (from cohere nice) to make meanings stick together with the use of the proper connectives for different relationship. To Express: a. Addition- and, moreover, in addition, also, furthermore, besides, likewise, in the same way. b. Contrast- but, yet, however, nevertheless, still, not withstanding, on the contrary, on the other hand in contrast. c. Altering ideas- or, nor, either-or, neither-nor, else, otherwise d. Cause of reason- for, because as, since, in as much as e. Condition- if, unless 14. Forms of compound words as one word roommate house help hyphenated sister-in-law, officer-in-change separate words- fire escape, tidal wave with affix disability, preconvention. 15. Expressions for- drawing conclusion: in conclusion, we can / may say that finally, it can / may be said that –from the information, it can / may be … seen, concluded… that data / figures shown inferred results / tables. –from what we have we can… conclude, see… that heard, infer deduce have seen. 16. Four kinds of sentences: end Contents Punctuation Mark Declarative… fact period Imperative…. Command, request period Interrogative… question Question Mark Exclamatory… strong feeling exclamation point 17. Basic sentence pattern a. Noun/pronoun plus Be plus phrase expander b. Noun /pronoun plus intransitive verb plus phrase expander c. Noun/pronoun plus transitive verb plus noun phrase Note: 1.Use expanders: noun /adjective/adverb phrases to make meaning more definite and clearer 2. Use the following conjunctions to introduce dependent clauses When whenever unless which Before it after until As since although even it 18. Verbs: formation of tenses a. Present tense- just the present form for plural or singular adds. b. Present progressive- be (is/are) plus the progressive form c. Present perfect-has have plus the past participle or perfect form. d. Past tense- just the past form of the verb. e. Past progressive- be (was/were) plus the progressive format of the verb. f. Past perfect- had plus the past form of the verb. g. Future tense- will /shall plus the present form of the verb h. Future progressive- will/shall plus the perfect form of the verbs.
Posted on: Mon, 06 Oct 2014 05:33:25 +0000
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