Battle of Broken Hill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Battle of Broken Hill Location Broken Hill, Australia Date 1 January 1915 Target Civilians Attack type Mass murder, massacre Deaths 6 Non-fatal injuries 7 Perpetrator Badsha Mahommed Gool Mullah Abdullah Motive Support Ottoman Empire in World War One The Battle of Broken Hill was a fatal incident which took place near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia on 1 January 1915. Two men shot dead four people and wounded seven more, before being killed by police and military officers. While the attack was politically and religiously inspired, as declared by the perpetrators in notes, the men were not members of any sanctioned armed force and the attacks were criminal. The two men were later identified as being Moslems from the British colony of India, modern day Pakistan (some sources incorrectly identify them as Turkish).[1][2] Contents [hide] 1 The assailants 2 Picnic train targeted 3 Police response 4 Aftermath 5 Popular Culture 6 References 7 External links The assailants[edit] A replica of Badsha Mahommed Gools ice cream cart, located near the white quartz outcrop where the battle occurred. The attackers were both former camel-drivers working at Broken Hill. They were Badsha Mahommed Gool (born c. 1874[3]), an ice-cream vendor, and Mullah Abdullah (born c. 1854[4]), a local imam and halal butcher. Gools ice-cream cart was well known in town and was used to transport the men to the attack site.[1][5] They also fashioned a home-made Ottoman flag which they flew. There appears to have been little effort made at hiding their identities. Abdullah had arrived in Broken Hill around 1898 and worked as a camel driver, before becoming a mullah and slaughtering animals according to halal Islamic rites in contravention of the law. Several days before the killings Adbullah was convicted by Police Court for slaughtering sheep on premises not licensed for slaughtering. It was not his first offence.[6] Since the sanitary inspector, Mr. Brosnan, acting to enforce the municipal regulations, observed that the unauthorised slaughter was insanitary, he acted to enforce the law. In addition, Abdullah had ceased wearing his turban years before, since the day some larrikin threw stones at me, and I did not like it.[5] Picnic train targeted[edit] Each New Years Day the local lodge of the Manchester Unity Order of Oddfellows held a picnic at Silverton. The train from Broken Hill to Silverton was crowded with 1200 picnickers on 40 open ore trucks. Three kilometres out of town, Gool and Abdullah positioned themselves on an embankment located about 30 metres from the tracks. As the train passed they opened fire with two rifles, discharging 20 to 30 shots. The picnickers initially thought that the shots were being discharged in honour of the trains passing, but once their companions started falling, the reality sank in. Alma Cowie, aged 17 died instantly. William John Shaw, a foreman in the Sanitary Department, was killed on the train and his daughter Lucy Shaw was injured. Six other people on the train were injured: Mary Kavanagh, George Stokes, Thomas Campbell, Alma Crocker, Rose Crabb and Constable Robert Mills.[7] The railway guard on the train was Tiger Dick (Eric Edward) Nyholm, soon to be a father of six children, including the late Prof Sir Ronald Nyholm,[8] also of Broken Hill. Nyholm was a renowned marksman and proved instrumental in protecting the trains passengers from further injury. Police response[edit] Part of the rocky outcrop where the final battle took place. Gool and Mulla Abdullah made their way from the train towards the West Camel camp where they lived. On the way they killed Alfred E. Millard who had taken shelter in his hut. By this time the train had pulled over at a siding and the police were telephoned. The police contacted Lieutenant Resch at the local army base who despatched his men. When police encountered Gool and Abdullah near the Cable Hotel, the pair shot and wounded Constable Mills. Gool and Abdullah then took shelter within a white quartz outcrop, which provided good cover. A 90-minute gun battle followed, during which armed members of the public arrived to join the police and military. By the end of the battle very little shooting came from the pair and most of it was off target, leading Constable Ward to conclude that Mullah Abdullah was already dead and Gool was wounded. James Craig, a 69-year-old occupant of a house behind the Cable Hotel, resisted his daughters warning about chopping wood during a gun battle and was hit by a stray bullet and killed. He was the fourth to die. At one oclock a rush took place to the Turks stronghold.[7] An eyewitness later stated that Gool had stood with a white rag tied to his rifle but was cut down by gunfire. He was found with 16 wounds. The mob would not allow Abdullahs body to be taken away in the ambulance. Later that day both bodies were disposed of in secret by the police. Aftermath[edit] The attackers left notes connecting their actions to the hostilities between the Ottoman and British Empires, which had been officially declared in October 1914. Believing he would be killed, Gool Mahomed left a letter in his waist-belt which stated that he was a subject of the Ottoman Sultan and that, I must kill you and give my life for my faith, Allāhu Akbar. Mullah Abdullah said in his last letter that he was dying for his faith and in obedience to the order of the Sultan, but owing to my grudge against Chief Sanitary Inspector Brosnan it was my intention to kill him first.[9] Apart from the fact that the police were forced to stop a mob from marching on an Afghan camp the following night, there was no violence against the Moslem community afterwards. Instead, the actions were seen as representative of enemy aliens and the Germans in the area were the focus of violence. Believing the Germans had agitated the assailants to attack, the local German Club was burnt to ground, the angry mob cutting the hoses of the firemen who came to fight the flames.[9][10] The next day the mines of Broken Hill fired all employees deemed enemy aliens under the 1914 Commonwealth War Precautions Act. Six Austrians, four Germans and one Turk were ordered out of town by the public. Shortly after all enemy aliens in Australia were interned for the duration of the war.[10] Turkish sources claim that the letter from the Ottoman Sultan was a forged one, and the Turkish flag found with the perpetrators was planted. It is claimed that the incident was attributed to Turks in order to rally the Australian public for the war.[11] The Silverton Tramway Company refunded in full the fares for the picnic train and the money was used to launch a public relief fund. The attack was promoted by German propaganda.[12] Popular Culture[edit] In the late 1970s attempts were made to turn the story into a film The Battle of Broken Hill to be directed by Donald Crombie but this did not eventuate.[13][14] The story was filmed as a 1981 documentary.[15][16] References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b Battle of Broken Hill: Ron visits this Outback area of New South Wales. Retrieved 2011-07-23. Jump up ^ Of Art and War on Broken Hill. Retrieved 2008-07-25. Jump up ^ Badsha GOOL Death Certificate. Retrieved 2006-11-16. Jump up ^ Mullah ABDULLAH Death Certificate. Retrieved 2006-11-16. ^ Jump up to: a b The Argus. 6 January 1915 Jump up ^ The Argus 2 January 1915 ^ Jump up to: a b Barrier Miner, 2 January 1915. Jump up ^ Nyholm, Sir Ronald Sydney (1917–1971) Biographical Entry – Australian Dictionary of Biography Online. ^ Jump up to: a b Stevens, Christine. Tin Mosques and Ghantowns; A History of Afghan Cameldrivers in Australia. Oxford University Press. Melbourne 1989, p. 163 ISBN 0-19-554976-7 ^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Mary Lucille. The Years of Decline: Australian Muslims 1900–1940, in Mary Lucille Jones (ed) An Australian pilgrimage: Muslims in Australia from the seventeenth century to the present. Victoria Press in association with the Museum of Victoria. p. 64 ISBN 0-7241-8450-3 Jump up ^ Sayın Apo Anzak oldu!. Retrieved 2013-01-03. Jump up ^ BATTLE OF BROKEN HILL.. Creswick Advertiser (Vic. : 1914 - 1918) (Vic.: National Library of Australia). 12 March 1915. p. 3. Retrieved 10 December 2013. Jump up ^ David Stratton, The Last New Wave: The Australian Film Revival, Angus & Robertson, 1980 p281 Jump up ^ Production Survey, Cinema Papers, January 1978 p251 Jump up ^ The Battle of Broken Hill at IMDB Jump up ^ Website for the film accessed 29 October 2012
Posted on: Sun, 13 Jul 2014 00:21:30 +0000
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