Cent in the past has seen a marked increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air by up to 30 per cent, as a result of the use of fossil fuels, or what we call todays conventional fuels such as oil, gas and coal. This led to a dangerous climate change was the rising temperatures and rising sea levels and an increase in the rate of floods around the world. Solutions now to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide can be summarized mainly in three points: • First, the development of technical means of energy production from renewable or alternative sources. • Second, the development of the means of production of energy from conventional fuels by making them more efficient and less harmful to the environment. • Third: work on the development of a technique to store carbon dioxide. Because the solutions in the two points I and II above is still under research and experience may need to achieve for a long time, relating hopes on technology to store carbon dioxide as a quick solution and tested, to a certain extent in some areas, and the cost is relatively lower, so how about if is the storage? Where and reached practical applications in this area. To answer these questions can be initially limited to storage technologies of carbon dioxide in three ways: 1) storage in oil fields or depleted gas Depleted oil and gas reservoirs. 2) storage in salt water under the earth and in the depths of the ocean Deep saline reservoirs and deep ocean. 3) storage in the fields of coal mining stainless Unmineable Coal Beds. Although most of the practical applications in the storage of carbon dioxide is still limited in the number does not exceed the fingers of one hand, but there is a lot of experience in similar operations, where the United States and Europe are working on the storage of large quantities of natural gas in the ground since more than 50 years. There is also an experience of over 30 years in the area of injection of carbon dioxide in oil wells in order to raise the efficiency of production Enhanced oil recovery. There is in the world today thousands of oil and gas wells depleted or on the verge of depletion that can be used as reservoirs for carbon dioxide. This technique depends mainly on the gas pump within these fields, which are in most cases equipped with pipelines and pumps in good condition to allow re-used for this purpose. Currently there are more than 90 active projects in the United States to inject carbon dioxide into oil fields for the purpose of raising the efficiency of production. This confirms the success of this technique in solitary gas and storage. Can also be stored carbon dioxide in underground layers within the salt water, where the gas is dissolved in water or reacts with minerals mixed in this water to form carbonates, which works to lock up the gas permanently underground. It can also be stored at a depth of approximately 500 meters by equipment very similar to those used in pumping carbon dioxide gas in the oil fields gating. The Norway with pioneering experience in this area, where it was in 1996 the first imprisonment of carbon dioxide in the fields of rock containing saline water near the North Sea, and it specifically in order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide resulting from the processing of natural gas. There is also a technique to store carbon dioxide in the deep ocean at a depth of between 1500 and the three thousand meters, at these depths the gas is converted into what looks like a lake of ice granules as a result of its interaction with water under high pressure. The programs of computer simulation that can lock up carbon dioxide for more than 500 years, but some disadvantage to this technique is its reliance on infrastructure complex of pipelines and pumps, high-capacity therefore considered a high cost, in addition to that, the storage of carbon dioxide in the depths of the oceans may cause an imbalance in the ecological balance, what may harm marine life. Finally, there is a storage technology in the fields of coal content on large amounts of methane, which can be pumped carbon dioxide gas to coal imprisoned inside. It is well known that coal has a high affinity for the absorption of carbon dioxide in large quantities equivalent to twice the amount of methane, and so this technique works on the ease of extracting methane and utilize it as an energy source at the same time it works to lock up carbon dioxide. Has been successfully using this technique on a limited scale in the United States. As is the case with all new technologies, there is a temptation for many doubts about the effectiveness of the technique to store carbon dioxide. These uncertainties can be summarized as follows: 1) Some researchers believe that all the above techniques are only temporary solutions, where the storage does not mean getting rid of carbon dioxide in its final form. 2) drilling and exploration of petroleum in the future may cause holes and nozzles through which the gas escapes stock. 3) There are fears that happens sudden uncontrollable gas inventory as a result of osteoporosis layers or as a result of earthquakes. 4) required further research on the extent of the environmental damage that can occur as a result of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the deep ocean. 5) There are some political obstacles that must be worked internationally before embarking on a storage operations, In 1972, many countries signed an agreement under which London was to prevent the disposal of waste at sea. The technology of storing carbon dioxide is one of the most promising solutions in the face of increasing environmental pollution, so everyone must work to promote research in this area and apply even guarantee to maintain a clean environment for us and for future generations. * Expert on oil refining and petrochemica
Posted on: Wed, 13 Aug 2014 20:28:09 +0000
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