Coupled with the name of Damascus foot, I knew this ancient city as the oldest city in history is still inhabited and full of human beings ... and despite the fact that the Arabs in their books and their stories of the many contained in the codes of Yacoubi and al-Maqdisi and Ibn Jubair and Albuladhira and Ibn Battuta, and others Ikrnon name Damascus beginning of creation , and return back to the era of Adam, who was staying in a suburb of the suburbs called (House of verses) and say that Eve had lived in another village still exist (Beit Lahia) or the house of the gods, and that Abel lived in (headquarters), and Cain at (Qanah ) ... and more speakers for Damascus to agree that it was the home of Abraham, but was the place of his birth, and his father was a carved idols where ... It is said that it is due to the descendants of Noah (peace be upon him), and that it is built is one of the descendants of Noah, was also said that the inn where the foundations of the wall temple, the first wall is built in history ... and much has been said about Damascus and the history of Damascus, and in spite of the importance of these words and the many implications for the role of Damascus and historical greatness and leadership since ancient times and even today, they remain within the limits of Almruyat and myths that do not rely on article submission basic scientific historian. Tell us why you see the results of studies and archaeological discoveries that have taken place in many areas of Damascus in recent years ... so ... lets grope Civilization Revolution The period between millennium BC, and the sixth millennium BC, periods of very important in the Levant in general, and Damascus in particular, in this spot very rich of the world, matured before anywhere else, inter integrated important shifts, can define factored in several points, including: 1 out of the cave, and the establishment of villages built in the open. 2 degree of stability within the people of these villages. 3 village itself is an achievement architect, and the development of plans and their meanings. 4 production of sustenance. 5 technological development and new technologies. 6 ideological evolution as reflected in art or in the burial ceremony. In the early millennium BC in the Levant completed transformations that began with the times Alntovi, and created communities that settled in the villages of fishermen First, a pattern economically new production provides them with sources of livelihood better, as it has moved from the consumer economy, which is based on the capture of grain and hunting wild animals , to the production of these goods through agriculture and domestication ... I have the form of the transition to a productive economy orderly reversal big and put the ground on which arose out of civilizations subsequent historical, and this was the turning great impact to the extent that some of them called revolution Neolithic, or revolution man Neolithic, and regardless of the reasons and the motives and circumstances of the emergence of agriculture and domestication, whether due culturally-socially, or environmentally-geographically or demographically-population ... or all of these factors together, it must be remembered that the innovation of Agriculture is the giant step of civilization achieved by human, but to what otherwise would have had to our modern civilization that we do not reach this degree of richness varied, with the beginning of agriculture accelerated rates of evolution amazingly, got dramatic shifts established for the emergence of nations and civilizations historical in all its richness and complexity. In order to understand the role of Damascus in these transformations and stability operations and human settlement to point out the role of geographical factors and environmentalism, The area of Damascus, as it is known, was across the ages different, abundant water, fertile soil, helping to stabilize and settlement, this settled rights early, as evidenced by the the archaeological excavations that took place in several locations, such as: Black hill, ash hill, Tel lavender, and Tel Ahlgrefah ... Tall Black Located Hill Black Ffigoth Damascus, in an area where the swamps lying between the two lakes, and of the dimensions of this hill (270 × 225) meters, and a height above the ground about five meters, was conducted in which several archaeological excavations and building on radiocarbon analysis (Cl4) proved to be Omar human settlement in this site dates back to the period between (7790 and 6690) BC, ie the so-called Paleolithic talk first, who did not witness the pottery industry, and on the basis of comparing patterns of construction and stone tools and flint unearthed at the site with other sites other proven that the relics unearthed in Tel Black composed of a set of dense «houses» round filled with ashes and plant material scorched, and intersect those houses with each other in most cases, and the most recent clash with the older, interspersed those houses «works» cylindrical straight sides (Maybe silos) were found prospectors archaeologists among the rubble on the large numbers of yogurt made from clay mixed with straw, and brick flat bottom, convex from the top, and appear on her upper layer fingers subhuman, and were cut milk that debris burned in the rubble, or paved side side, and carpeted floor composed «terrace». Consequently it was «Tel Black» village consisting of huts are small and round in shape, Taatlasq heavily with each other, filled with dirt until the middle of it, has been used clay in making yogurt, which was carpeted with the floor of the house, or to build terraces low, while the structure of the upper cabin , he should be most elements composed of plant materials, light and highly flammable, where evidence indicates the fire to the huts have been repeatedly fire, with reference to the nature of the environment surrounding the site, which necessitated the resort to the use of light materials which plants arising from the presence of swamps as they were Lakerta Otaiba and Alheijana rich nations fish which has a population Basttiyadha Itagzu out. It should be noted the large number of clay dolls (human and animal) in Tel black, and most of the dolls were human, women represent them in a way highlights the buttocks and chest, and these findings constitute the beginnings of artistic perception in humans. As for the beliefs that found significance in Tel black, he was human when he died buried in a hole unusual position of the fetus, alone or with a child, and in one drill appeared skull separate + skeleton of a child, and beneath the skeleton complete, with four skulls separate them two of two, along with a bead of coincidences and four Nslat machetes, and vertical shares of flint, and building on it is assumed that the tomb had been used several times, may be due to a single family. In the period in which they chronicle between (7000-6500) BC found archaeological missions in Tel black on signs of physical stresses on the evolution of human settlement and breadth has been added to the cultivation of wheat starchy cultivation of new types of grains such as wheat only pill and hard wheat, barley, and numerous industries Neolithic (kisses clay-b) peridotitic and a variety of tools have also been manufacturing small tools made of stones polished Kalgir garnet and green stone and others, were also found large quantities of dolls made of baked clay, including new sets of human statues flat and rectangular. Tel Ahlgrefah Located Tel Ahlgrefah near Tel Black and Lake Otaiba, have been found in which the buildings of similar Little Black in the bottom layer of the site, which dates back to the period between (6900 and 6300) BC show us a way of life similar to Little Black (second layer) and found the statue small cylindrical grooved base represents one of the household gods. The top layer of the extended (6300 and 6000) BC, pattern of living which is somewhat similar to the class (1) from Tel ash contemporary .. and there is evidence that the role of agriculture in this region has declined in favor of hunting because of the drought that occurred in this time period, life has stopped in this location since then that has been converted to a cemetery in the period of Roman occupation-Byzantine Syria. Lavender Hill This hill Archaeological in place, which was established by the Damascus International Airports new, and date back effects that discovered it to the second half of the fifth millennium BC, and was housed in the remnants of some houses multiple rooms, rectangular, built of material milk molded, have been found in which quantities of porcelain light color envelope red paint, decorated with incised decoration, and looks like a lot in terms of quality of porcelain discovered in many areas of Palestine and Byblos. The flint tools have been rare, which is about Nslat Magafah rectangular served as machetes, and there are clay figurines grilled (animal and human) in the form of a small pawns. Tel ash Located Tel ash 20 km south-east of Damascus near the town of Katana, on the bank of a valley, being between (cotton and Artouz) has been the discovery of this site in the thirties and was known in the year 1960 was re-discovered by «Van Leer» which will be called «Tel ash »relative to configure, and the year 1963 to the year 1973 the French mission-Syria conducted several seasons of digging it resulted in the presence of three archaeological layers where a row of older Valahdt: The first layer (6250-6000) BC, the oldest classes have resulted in business for archaeological information that the residents of this agricultural settlement in their lives were dependent on the cultivation of wheat, starchy, and barley, lentils, flax, which was extracted from the oil, as it was the people of the fruits of pasturing Kallowes wild trees and hawthorn, pistachios, figs, and are doing so well L. hunting deer and elk ... It was housing people in that period huts oval (round) shape, very simple, carved up the middle in the dirt and built from the dirt compacted (milk) and was its floor covered with clay, and within equipment intended for storage are made of clay, too, was surrounded by those huts Mat sheets of stone, has been erected upon tables coated with lime. The pleasures of these huts (houses) was composed of Jawarish and tools crush grain and large pots made of lime, which was found inside the tools flint, including blades machetes and scrapers and chisels and axes dating back to the industry late Industries Neolithic (Pre-Pottery-b ) were also found on a variety of bone tools such as drills and Almkharz and gins and arrows, also used for making necklaces bone in the form of an animal head. Found in this layer on Clay Figurine was parents imitate their forms of animals and humans, and show these statues on the existence of a close relationship and strong with the worship of ancestors after their death, they were drawing a model for the human form of bone-free meat, paste calcareous, and underscore the surface of the skull Ptleuenha or painted red color, and they cover the eyes with white lime, is believed to be human statues large clay was used rules for these skulls. It is worth mentioning also the presence of a bead or a small ball of hammered copper, refers to the establishment of trade relations with the exporting country to the metal in Asia Minor. The second layer (6000-5500) BC: In this class residential houses rectangular one-room, has been used stones to build the foundation and Girls mud to build the walls, and the population was Ajblon blended lime grilled and ash for the manufacture of household utensils and was limited in Tsalibha on dried the sun, as they were sometimes adorn their walls with strips of red and ash residue many in this class is that given the current name Little ashes. The third layer (5500-5000) BC: This layer is characterized by the presence of trenches dug in the previous two classes, and this shows that housing has become less magnitude, and this is what prompted some to say that the residents of Tel ash has moved in this period to life (half a Bedouin ) have had to rely on breeding animals such as goats, sheep, cows and pigs, with reference to the existence of many signs proving the existence of the cultivation of grain and vegetables in that period. In this layer appeared porcelain polisher dark color that looks like porcelain, which was found in the cities of the Syrian coast (head Achammrh- Jbeil). These effects are considered the oldest traces of material found so far to man in Damascus and indicate the emergence of the first agricultural villages, and the beginning of interest in building houses simple rectangular shape and the beginning of the arts and religious beliefs sophisticated. And inferred from these effects combined on the Damascus area, like other areas of the Levant, may have seen in this period coup culturally important in human life ... I came out of the cave to the plain and built his dwelling in the lap of nature, and was the pit housing as a form evolving of the cave, while representing the hut the first phase to build the house, then moved at a later stage to house a rectangular or square, which caused him rooms mortar and inland waterways ... Ive buried the population of Damascus in the Neolithic, dead in the floors houses they live after that separated the skull body, and this shows the positions of the specific issues of fertility and life and death, entrenched with time, and lasted a long time in the beliefs of the people in the Arab world subsequent old.
Posted on: Mon, 20 Oct 2014 04:51:15 +0000
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