FISPhil DECLARATION OF POSITION ON FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (Draft) WHEREAS the overwhelming majority of participants in the Fingerprint Classification Workshop organized by the Fingerprint Identification Society of the Philippines (FISPhil), held at Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila, Philippines, January 12-13, 2015 state that there is a need for standardization in the system of classification of fingerprints, and that the Philippines has ever since adopted the Henry-FBI Classification System. NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Henry-FBI Classification System as being expounded in the book: “The Science of Fingerprints: Classification and Uses”[1], and further clarified in the “Fingerprint Training Manual”[2] as currently the only system of classification recognized by FISPhil; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that FISPhil adopts the following: The number of fingerprint patterns are eight (8) consisting of: 1.1 Plain Arch, 1.2 Tented Arch, 1.3 Radial Loop, 1.4 Ulnar Loop, 1.5 Plain Whorl, 1.6 Central Pocket Loop Whorl, 1.7 Double Loop Whorl, and 1.8 Accidental Whorl; The pronunciation of the word “Arch” is /ɑːrtʃ/, following the Cambridge Dictionaries Online,[3] Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries,[4] and How to Compare Fingerprints.[5] The phraseology: “make a rise….in the center” has reference to the forming of wave or arch in the center in plain arch pattern,[6] rather than a general concept applicable to upthrust, angular or loop-type formation in tented arch pattern. The symbol of accidental whorl is capital letter “W.” The symbol “X” is written only to indicate a particular whorl type in fingerprint block (on the upper right corner of block in a fingerprint card), and to indicate extension classification.[7][8][9] There are only three elements or essentials of a loop, namely: 5.1 A sufficient recurve. 5.2 A delta. 5.3 A ridge count across a looping ridge.[10][11] Only ulnar loop will be symbolized by a diagonal line in the direction where the loop flows.[12] The rule of ridge counting does not include incipient ridge.[13][14] According to the FBI, the lighter lines which are interpreted by some authors as incipient ridges “are caused by the splitting or fraying of the ridges. Sometimes ingrained dirt will cause a similar condition between the ridges. These lines are not considered ridges and should not be counted.”[15] In the secondary classification, all types of whorls are symbolized by capital letter “W.”[16] There is no such terminology as Capital Letter Group in the Secondary Classification. There is only secondary classification and small letter group.[17] 10. Dash is only used in the Secondary Classification “to indicate the absence of each small letter between the index fingers and another small letter or between two small letters.”[18][19][20] 11. There is dash in Secondary filing sequence. Dashes are sequenced and filed in this order: 11.1 dash, dash in the denominator, 11.2 dash in the denominator, and 11.3 no dashes in the denominator[21] 12. Subsecondary Classification and Major Division will no longer be taken if small letters are present in the Secondary Classification. The reason given is that they are infrequent, that is, they consist only about 7 to 10 percent of all patterns.[22] 13. If there is no loop in the ten prints, no key is used.[23] There is no rule which says whorl may be ridge counted in the Key Classification. 14. Only one Final Classification if loops or whorls are present in little fingers.[24][25] 15. The correct order of classification is Primary, Secondary, Subsecondary, Major, Final and Key. When they are placed in the classification line, the positions are Key, Major, Primary, Secondary, Subsecondary, and Final.[26] [1] FBI. (1984). The Science of Fingerprints: Classification and Uses. United States Government Printing Office. [2] Fingerprint Training Manual. (1987). Identification Division, Technical Section, Federal Bureau of Investigation. [3] arch (2014). Retrieved December 30, 2014, from Cambridge Dictionaries Online: dictionary.cambridge.org/us/pronunciation/british/arch_1 [4] arch. (n.d.). Retrieved December 30, 2014, from Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary: oxfordlearnersdictionaries/us/definition/english/arch_1 [5] https://youtube/watch?v=IrpTqKkgygA) [6] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 44. [7] FBI, op. cit., p. 64. [8] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 59. [9] Leo, W. (2004). Fingerprint Identification. LawTech Custom Publishing, p. 101. [10] FBI, op. cit., p. 19. [11] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 5. [12] Ibid., p. 30. [13] FBI, op. cit., p. 25. [14] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 23. [15] FBI, op. cit., p. 30. [16] Ibid., p. 91. [17] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 65. [18] The Science of Fingerprints: Classification and Uses. (2014, February 11). Retrieved January 3, 2015, from Fingerprint Geometric Analysis: dermatoglyphics/sof/ [19] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 68. [20] Publishing, LawTech Custom. (2015). fingerprint classification systems Henry and NCIC. Retrieved January 3, 2015, from slideshare: slideshare.net/KUL2700/ch-10-fingerprint-classification-systems [21] Fingerprint Training Manual, op. cit., p. 101. [22] FBI, op. cit., p. 93. [23] Ibid., p. 65. [24] Ibid., p. 71-72. [25] FBI, op. cit., p. 95. [26] Ibid., p. 87.
Posted on: Tue, 27 Jan 2015 01:09:17 +0000
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