In memory of the Tuvan People Republic, (or Potemkin Republic) The CCCP got quite good at Potemkin fronts (Funny that CCCP is about the only Russian I can type with this keyboard!). For example, he Tuvan Peoples Republic (or Peoples Republic of Tannu Tuva 1921 – 1944) was a partially recognized independent state in the territory of the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia. As an independent Republic, it was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union, the Far Eastern Republic, and the Mongolian Peoples Republic were the only countries to recognize its independence. Apparently, it was the first state to describe itself as a Peoples Republic, preceding Mongolia, the Peoples Republic of which arose as a state out of a collapse of another state in 1924. It went beyond the most extreme degree of autonomy possible under the Soviet Constitution to de jure independence, but at the time there was bigger potemkin state, the Far Eastern Republic, sometimes called the Chita Republic, a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East, where/when Yul Brynner was born (So, some day, I will do a post that begins, on this day was born President Brynner of the Far Eastern Republic, who thinking he was Ramses, survived drowning when chasing the Jews to make his country, briefly, the leader in Robotics!) During the time of its existence, the Peoples Republic of Tuvan went thru many changes. At first, its independence seemed de facto, possibly, when no attempt was made to industrialize, and nomad tribalism was supported, but from the beginning, it was a poster boy for a Mongol state independent of China, and, after that, a model for independence for Durghistan, or even the whole of the province of The New Frontier and even appealed to Thibet, as well as being a possible base for Mongol irredentism. However, when the Peoples Republic and Thibetan Buddhism was finally made the State religion, they went to far for Stalin, and in 1929 he wrote the playbook Brezhnev used to occupy Afghanistan, and the Peoples Republic was no longer an authentic Lesotho, but another Poland. The state suppressed Buddhism and tried to get the Injuns in ghetto towns. 1929 also saw the death of the local Warlord who had maintained order in The New Frontier while proclaiming loyalty to the Revolution since the Qing governor fled. in 1933, the short-lived First East Turkistan Republic, (Uighyer) which claimed authority around the Tarim Basin, was proclaimed, while in the north, the Mongol country, Sheng Shicai, a Chinese warlord, seized control of Xinjiang with support from the Soviet Union. The First East Turkistan Republic was suppressed by the armies of the Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Zhongying in 1934. The CCCP helped the northern warlord rub out the Southern and rule a unified province dominated by ethnic Han. Sheng ruled the region for a decade during which he permitted greater Soviet influence on Xinjiangs ethnic, economic and security policies. By then Tuvans use as a flag for a cause the USSR was fulfilled, having obtained the CCCPs entry to the New Frontier, but the increasing danger of the Japanese gave it some surviving value in keeping Mongols befuddled and attached to the Soviet cause. Another point in favour of its continued existence was Operation Barbarossa. Tuvan entered World War II with the USSR on 25 June 1941, three days after the German attack on the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the CCCPs ally, Sheng invited a group of Chinese Communists to Xinjiang, including Mao Zedongs brother Mao Zemin, but in 1943, fearing a conspiracy against him, Sheng killed all Chinese Communists, including Mao Zemin. In the summer of 1944, a Second East Turkistan Republic (Second ETR) was established, this time, with Soviet support, in what is now Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in northern Xinjiang. At this point, the (slight) possibility Tuvan would fall into a Mongolian state reached its height, and therefore, as the Soviet-backed revolt by the Second East Turkestan Republic against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China began, on 11 October 1944, at the request of Tuvas Small Peoples Khural (parliament), Tuva became a part of the Soviet Union as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast of the Russian SFSR by the decision of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Earlier in the war, annexing even an unrecognized Bantustan on top the Baltics would have looked like gilding crap. To wrap up the sad story of Soviet meddling... Meanwhile the East Turkistan Republic (1944 to 1949) threatened the Nationalist provincial government in Ürümqi, but the February 1945 Yalta Conference provided for the Soviet Unions participation in the Pacific War. One of the Soviet conditions for its participation, put forward at Yalta, was that after the war Outer Mongolia would retain its status-quo. The precise meaning of this status-quo became a bone of contention at Sino-Soviet talks in Moscow in the summer of 1945 between Stalin and Chiang Kai-sheks envoy. Stalin insisted on Republic of Chinas recognition of Outer Mongolias independence – something that it already enjoyed de facto even as it remained a part of China de jure. Chiang Kai-shek resisted the idea but eventually gave in. However, Chiang extracted from Stalin a promise to refrain from supporting the Chinese Communist Party, partly as a quid pro quo for giving up Outer Mongolia. Thus, the Sino-Soviet Treaty guaranteed Outer Mongolias independence. But it also ended hopes for uniting Outer Mongolia with Inner Mongolia or northern Xinjiang, which remained in Chinas hands. The Mongolian Soviet stooges initially hoped that Stalin would support his vision of Great Mongolia but the Soviet leader easily sacrificed their vision for Soviet gains, guaranteed by the Sino-Soviet Treaty and legitimized by the Yalta agreements. In this sense, the Sino-Soviet Treaty marked Mongolias permanent division into an independent Mongolian Peoples Republic and a neighboring Inner Mongolia of the ROC. There was, of the Soviet Potemkins, still East Turkistan, but it came to an end at the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War when the victorious Chinese Communists entered Xinjiang in 1949. It is generally agreed that Stalin made the decision casually, simply turning overall Communist business in China to new management in a gesture that demonstrates as emphatically as the World War II pacts from Molotov Ribbentrop to Yalta that the only people he saw as equals were heads of state The leadership of the Second ETR was persuaded by the Soviet Union to negotiate with the Chinese Communists, which provided an opportunity to have most killed in an airplane crash en route to a peace conference in Beijing in late August! The remaining leadership greed to join the newly founded Peoples Republic of China. youtube/watch?v=x7hc6CvLWiE
Posted on: Sun, 12 Oct 2014 03:16:28 +0000
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