In the name of God the Merciful Search for language (ASCII) Preparation>< 00001001. 00000010 . 00010010. 00000001. 00001000. 00000101 . 00001101. 00000001.00001000.00001101.00000101.00000100 Has developed the law of American Standard for the exchange of information (ASCII) under the auspices of the Committee of Standards Association of America, called the Committee X3, through X3.2 her ( later X3L2) subcommittee , and later by the working group sub X3.2.4. ASA became the United States of America Standards Institute or USASI [15] In the end the U.S. National Institute of Standards . Designed Subcommittee X3.2 ASCII based on earlier teleprinter encoding schemes . Like other character encodings , ASCII specifies the correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (ie graphemes and control characters ) . This allows digital devices to communicate with each other , processing, storage and transfer of information -oriented characters, such as written language . Was developed by ASCII, included the use of encodings in 26 characters alphanumeric 0.10 numerical numbers , and 11-25 fees and special symbols . To include all of these , and control characters compatible with the Comité Téléphonique consultant for International and others Télégraphique (CCITT) International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2) standard , Fieldata, and early EBCDIC, it is required more than 64 symbols for ASCII. The Committee discussed the possibility of the shift key function ( such as Baudot code ) , which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by six bits. Blog turned in some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes . It allows compact encoding , but is less reliable for data transfer ; transport error code switch usually makes a long part of the transmission unreadable . SC decided against shifting, and so ASCII required at least seven forums bit . [16] The Committee considered the eight -bit code , since eight bits ( eight ) that will allow two types of four bits to encode the double-digit efficiently with a binary -coded decimal . However , it would require all data transmission to send eight bits when seven could be enough. Committee voted to use a seven -bit code to reduce the costs associated with the transfer of data. Since perforated tape at the time could record eight bits in one position , it also allows for the parity bit for error checking if desired. [17] The eight -bit machines ( with the eight data as a mother) that were not commonly used parity checking eighth bit is set to 0. [18] Was carved so that the law itself was the most control codes together , and were all symbols of drawing together , for easy identification. And allocated the first two columns (32 positions) to control characters . [19] } and the letter space should come before graphics to make sorting easier , so it became position 20 hex ; [ 20 ] for the same reason , many private and put signs commonly used by figures such as commas . The Committee decided that it is important to support upper case alphabet of 64 characters , and chose to pattern ASCII so they can be easily reduced to a usable 64 characters from the graphic symbols . [21] Lower case letters and therefore not interleaved with upper case . To keep the options available to the lower case letters and other graphics , special symbols were arranged before the digital characters , and the character A and placed in position 41 hex to fit with the draft standard British interview. [22] Figures 0-9 was organized to coincide with the values in binary prefixed with 011 , making conversion with binary -coded decimal directly . Stationed many non-alphanumeric characters to correspond to the position of turning on typewriters . So put # $ % and are compatible with 3.4 , and 5 in the adjacent column . Brackets can not compatible with 9 and 0 , but , because the place corresponding to 0 was taken by the space character . Since many European typewriters put parentheses with 8 and 9 , has been selected those positions corresponding to the brackets . Did not use the @ symbol in continental Europe and is expected to be replaced by À marked difference in the French Committee , so put in the position of @ 40 hex beside the letter A. [23] I felt control codes necessary for the transfer of data was the beginning of message (SOM), at the end of the address (EOA), end of message ( EOM ) , the end of transmission ( EOT ) , Who are you ? (WRU), Who are you? (RU), a reserved device control (DC0), synchronous idle (SYNC), and recognition (ACK). These were positioned to maximize the distance between the exaggerated patterns duty. [24] With other special characters and control codes filled in, ASCII was published as ASA X3.4-1963, leaving 28 jobs are available without any assigned meaning , reserved for the unification of the future, and one control code is given. [25] There was some controversy at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than alphabet less severe . [26] He said that the frequency did not last long : during the month of May 1963 the Labor Party CCITT on Telegraph Alphabet proposed new appointment letters lower case to columns 6 and 7 , [27] and the International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voice during the month of October for the inclusion of the project the change in level . [ 28] The voice of the Task Force X3.2.4 consent to change to ASCII at its May 1963 . [29] to determine the whereabouts of the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters differ in the pattern of a little bit of upper case by a single bit , which simplified case-insensitive matching character building keyboards and printers. Committee presented X3 other changes , including new characters again ( on the arc and the characters vertical line ) , [30] renaming some control characters (SOM became start of header ( SOH ) ) and moving or removing others ( has been removed RU). [31] has been updated ASCII later as USASI X3.4 -1967 , then USASI X3.4-1968, ANSI X3.4-1977, and finally , ANSI X3.4-1986 ( and the first two retronamed sometimes ANSI X3.4 1967 and ANSI X3.4-1968). Committee addressed the X3 also how it should be transmitted ASCII ( least significant bit first ) , and how it should be recorded on perforated tape . They proposed a standard 9 track magnetic tape , and try to deal with some forms of punched card formats. ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a printer icon on the seven -bit for American Telephone and Telegraph s TWX (TeletypeWriter exchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five -bit Baudot code , which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system . Bob Bemer offer features such as the escape sequence . [3] British colleague Hugh McGregor Ross helped to promote this work in accordance with Bemer , so much so that he was the symbol that was to become the first ASCII -called law Bemer Ross in Europe . [32] and because of the extensive work it in ASCII, Bemer has been called the father of ASCII. [33] On March 11 , 1968 , U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson mandated that all computers that have been purchased by the United States federal government support ASCII , saying : We have also approved the recommendations of the Minister of Commerce on the criteria for the registration code standard for the exchange of information on magnetic tapes and paper tapes when they are used in computer operations . Brought all the computers and related equipment configurations in the federal government on the stock and after July 1, 1969 , must have the ability to use standard symbols for the exchange of information and formulas set forth in the magnetic tape and paper tape standards when using these media . [34] Ratified international standards bodies other character encodings such as ISO / IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside of the alphabet and symbols used outside the United States , such as the code for the UK English pound sterling ( £ ) . Almost every country needs to be a modified version of ASCII, ASCII since only suit the needs of the United States and a few other countries . For example , Canada has had its own version that supports the French character . And other adapted encodings include ISCII ( India ), VISCII ( Vietnam) , and YUSCII ( Yugoslavia ) . Despite these encodings and sometimes referred to as ASCII, ASCII and knows exactly true only through standard ANSI. Founded ASCII to Unicode character set , such as the first 128 symbols , so the ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets . This allows UTF-8 to be compatible with ASCII, allowing the program that handles data UTF-8 for the treatment of ASCII data as UTF-8 data , and software made for the treatment of ASCII data UTF-8 as data ASCII, rather than distinguishing between ASCII and UTF-8. ASCII control characters Main article: control character Retain the symbols of ASCII 32 first ( 0-31 decimal digits ) for control characters : codes originally not to represent the information to print, but to control devices ( such as printers ) that use ASCII, or to provide descriptive information about data streams such as those stored on magnetic tape . For example , 10 represents the character and function line feed (which causes a printer to advance its paper ) , and character 8 represents backspace . RFC 2822 refers to the control of the figures that do not include return , line feed or white space as control characters is white . [35] with the exception of the control characters that prescribe elementary line -oriented formatting , ASCII does not know of any mechanism for describing the structure or appearance of text within a document . Other schemes , such as markup languages , the title page document planning and coordination . Original ASCII standard used short descriptive phrases for each control character only . The deliberate ambiguity that sometimes caused , for example , where a slightly different character to be used on a link from the station to the data stream , and sometimes unintended , for example, with the meaning of delete . Maybe it was the only device most influential in the interpretation of these characters and typewriter Model 33 ASR, which was printing station supplied with paper tape option reader / punch . The paper tape and a very popular way to store the program in the long term until the 1980s, and less expensive in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape . In particular, the appointments machine typewriter model 33 for codes 17 ( Control -Q, DC1, also known as XON), 19 ( Control -S, DC3, also known as XOFF), and 127 ( Delete ) became de facto standards . Because keytop for key O also showed a symbol of the left arrow ( from ASCII-1963, which was this character instead of the underscore ) , and the use of non- compliant code 15 ( Control -O, turning in ) interpreted as delete previous character adopted also by many of the time-sharing systems in early but eventually became neglected . Using Control -S (XOFF, which is an acronym for the transfer off) as a handshake warning signal transmitter to stop the transmission of imminent due to overflow, and control -Q (XON, transmit ) to resume transmission , continues to this day in many systems as a method of production control manual . On some systems Control -S retains its meaning but is replaced by the Control -Q by the second control -S to resume production . And called 127 officially delete but the label typewriter rubout. Since the original standard did not give detailed interpretation for most control codes , interpretations of this symbol variety . The typewriter original meaning , and the intent of the standard, it was to make it to the letter ignored , the same as NUL ( all zeros ) . This was particularly useful for paper tape , because punching each bit pattern on top of the existing mark would obliterate it. Tapes are designed to be hand- edit can be produced even with the extra spaces NULs ( empty bar ) so that the mass of the characters can be rubbed out and then replacements put in the empty space . As video terminals began to replace printing , the value of the character rubout. Systems in December , for example , the interpretation of the Delete to mean remove the character before the cursor , and became this interpretation is also common in Unix systems . Most of the other systems used Backspace for that meaning and used Delete to mean remove the character at the cursor . This latter interpretation is the most common now . She was given many more meanings of the symbols of control is completely different from the original ones . The letter escape (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as values instead of calling the literal meaning. This is the same meaning of escape encountered in encodings URL, C language strings , and other systems that have some characters meaning reserved . Over time, this meaning has been co-opted and finally changed . In modern usage , an ESC sent to the station usually refers to the beginning of the command sequence , usually in the form of so-called escape code ANSI ( or more correctly , a control sequence identifier ) beginning with ESC followed by the letter [ ( left bracket) . And is often used for ESC sent from the station as outside the scope of the character used to terminate the process , as is the case in the sixth and Tico text editors . In the graphical user interface (GUI) and the windows systems , ESC generally causes the application to abort their current operations or exit ( terminate ) altogether. Ambiguity inherent in many control characters , along with the historical uses , and create problems when transferring files plain text between systems . The best example of this is the line the problem on different operating systems . Teletype machines required that a line of text to be terminated with all of the transport of return ( which moves the print head to the beginning of the line ) and line feed ( which offers paper one line without moving the print head ) . The name Carriage Return comes from the fact that the manual typewriter paper contract of carriage moved while the position where the keys hit the tape remained constant . The full transfer to be paid ( returned ) to the right in order to put the left margin of the paper to the next line. December operating systems (OS / 8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, topping -10 , etc. ) are used for both the characters on the occasion of the end of the line so that the machine control unit ( originally typewriter machines ) will work. By the time he came the so-called TTYs Glass ( hereinafter called CRTs or stations ) along , was established agreement so well that necessitated the continued compatibility of the Convention. When Gary Kjeldahl cloned RT-11 to create the CP / M in December followed the establishment of the Convention. Until the introduction of PC DOS in 1981, IBM does not have a hand in this because their operating systems are used instead of the 1970s EBCDIC ASCII and were oriented input and output punch card printer line , which was the concept of returns have no meaning . IBM PC DOS ( also marketed as the MS-DOS inherited by Microsoft ) agreement by virtue of being a clone of CP / M, inherited from the Windows MS-DOS. Unfortunately , requiring two characters to mark the end of the line enters the complexity and unnecessary questions of how to interpret each character when faced alone . To simplify things plain text data streams , including files , on the Multics [36] used a line feed (LF) alone as a dividing line . Unix and Unix-like systems , and Amiga systems , adopted the Convention of Multics . The original Macintosh OS, Apple DOS, and ProDOS, on the other hand , used return (CR) alone as a dividing line , but since replaced the Apple it with Unix-based OS X operating system , and they now use the line feed (LF) as well. Computers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as summits -10 and TENEX using line endings CR-LF, and machines running operating systems such as Multics using line endings LF, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 , which represents the lines as to the number of characters followed by the character of the line which is used EBCDIC instead of ASCII. And the Telnet protocol defined ASCII network virtual terminal (NVT), so that they can support communications between hosts with the conventions finish line different character sets via broadcast text formatting standard across the network, but using ASCII, along with the CR- will line endings LF, and software using other conventions translates between the conventions and local NVT. [37] and FTP protocol was adopted Telnet, including the use of virtual network terminals , to be used when transferring commands and data transfer in the default mode ASCII. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] and this adds complexity to the applications of those protocols , and other network protocols , such as those used in e-mail and the World Wide Web , the systems do not use NVT in CR-LF line termination of the Convention. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] Track older operating systems such as summits -10 , along with CP / M, the length of the file only in units of disk blocks used to control -Z (SUB) on the occasion of the end of the actual text in the file . For this reason , EOF, or end of the file , and was used colloquially and conventionally as a three-letter abbreviation (TLA) for Control -Z instead of an alternative . For a variety of reasons , the symbol of the end of the text , ETX aka Control -C, was inappropriate and use Z as the control code to end the file is similar to that end of the alphabet , which is very convenient mnemonic aid . Used , common historic agreement , which is still prevalent in the ETX aka Control -C code for the Convention on the province and stop the program via the input data stream , and usually from the keyboard . In the C library and Unix conventions , and null character used to end the text strings ; such a null-terminated strings can be known in a shortcut as ASCIZ or ASCIIZ, where Z stands here for zero . ASCII control code scheme Binary October December hex needles [a] [ b ] [ c ] Name 000 0000 000 0 00 NUL ␀ ^ @ \ 0 null character 000 0001 001 01 1 Suh ␁ ^ A head start 000 0010 002 2 02 STX ␂ ^ B start text 000 0011 003 3 03 ETX ␃ ^ C end of the text 000 0100 004 04 4 EOT ␄ ^ D ceased 000 0101 005 5 05 ENQ ␅ ^ E inquiry 000 0110 006 6 06 ACK ␆ ^ F recognition 000 0111 007 7 07 BEL ␇ ^ G \ and bell 000 1000 010 8 08 BS ␈ ^ H \ b backspace [ d ] [ e ] 000 1001 011 9 09 HT ␉ ^ I \ t horizontal tab [and] 000 1010 012 10 0A LF ␊ ^ J \ n line feed 000 1011 013 11 0B VT ␋ ^ K \ v vertical tab 000 1100 014 12 0C FF ␌ ^ L \ and form feed 000 1101 015 13 0D CR ␍ ^ M \ r returns [ g ] 000 1110 016 14 0E SO ␎ ^ N shift out 000 1111 017 15 0F SI ␏ ^ O shift in 001 0000 020 16 10 DLE ␐ ^ P Data Link Escape 001 0001 021 17 11 DC1 ␑ ^ Q controller 1 (oft. XON) 001 0010 022 18 12 DC2 ␒ ^ R controller 2 001 0011 023 19 13 DC3 ␓ ^ S control device 3 (oft. XOFF) 001 0100 024 20 14 DC4 ␔ ^ T controller 4 001 0101 025 2115 Nak ␕ ^ U Acknowledgements negative 001 0110 026 22 16 SYN ␖ ^ V synchronous idle 001 0111 027 23 17 ETB ␗ ^ W ceased mass 001 1000 030 24 18 CAN ␘ ^ X Cancel 001 1001 031 25 19 EM ␙ ^ Y end of the medium 001 1010 032 26 1A SUB ␚ ^ Z replaced 001 1011 033 27 1B ESC ␛ ^ [\ e [ h ] escape [ i ] 001 1100 034 28 1C FS ␜ ^ \ separator file 001 1101 035 29 1D GS ␝ ^] group separator 001 1110 036 30 1E RS ␞ ^ ^ [ j ] break record 001 1111 037 31 1F United States ␟ ^ _ separator unit 111 1111 177 127 7F DEL ␡ ^? Delete [ k ] [ e ] ^ And Unicode characters from the area U 2400 to U 2421 reserved to represent control characters when it is necessary to print or display , rather than to have them perform their intended function . May not display some browsers this correctly. ^ Caret notation is often used to represent control characters at the station. Most of the stations in the text , hold down the Ctrl key ^ while writing the second letter will write control character . Sometimes there is no need Shift key , for example, may be ^ @ typable with just a control and 2 . ^ Escape codes characters in the C programming language and many other languages are affected by it , such as Java and Perl (although not necessarily all applications support all escape codes ) . ^ It can also be entered backspace character by pressing the backspace key ⌫ on some systems . ^ A b due to the early stations are designed on the assumption that the main use of the keyboard to be a punch paper tape manually while connected to a computer and the ambiguity of backspace . To delete the previous character , has been one to back up the punch paper tape , which for reasons of mechanical simplicity and the button to punch in and of itself , not the keyboard, then type the letter rubout. So they put rubout main production site to use typewriters for backspace . When you use these systems, terminals, and provided edit the command line , they had to use the code rubout to make a backspace , and often do not interpret the backspace character ( they might echo ^ H for Backspace ) . Other stations are not designed to bar paper made the key in this location produce Backspace , and these systems are designed to use this character to back up . Since the code deletion often produces the effect of Backspace , and this also forced terminal manufacturers to deliver anything ⌦ delete products from other major character deleted . ^ It can also be entered TAB character by pressing the key ↹ mark on most systems . ^ It can also be entered carriage return conveyor by pressing the Enter or Return key ⌅ ⏎ in most systems. ^ Escape sequence \ e is not part of the ISO C and many other language specifications . However , it is understood by many compilers , including GCC . ^ It can also be entered escape character by pressing the key ⎋ out on some systems . ^ ^ ^ ^ Means the Ctrl ^ ( by pressing Ctrl keys caret ) . ^ Can sometimes be entered to delete a character by pressing the backspace key ⌫ on some systems . Can be used as representations of other specialized equipment , for example ISO 2047 graphics or hexadecimal numbers. ASCII printable characters 20 hex codes for hex 7E , known as the printable characters , represent letters, numbers , punctuation marks , and a few of the various symbols . There are 95 printable characters in total. Code 20 hex , and a space character , indicating the distance between the words , and produced by the space bar on the keyboard . Since is a space character to draw an invisible (and not a control character ) [ 10 ] [9] , and thus would not normally be visible, it is represented here by Unicode character U 2420 ␠; characters, Unicode U 2422 ␢ and U 2423 ␣ also available for use when the visual representation of space is necessary. 7F hex code corresponds to the non-printable Delete (DEL) control character and therefore has been deleted from this scheme ; are covered in the previous section graph . Previous versions of ASCII use up arrow instead of the caret ( 5E hex ) and the left arrow instead of the underscore (5F hex ) . [42 ] ! List the character : # $% & () *, -./0123456789:;? @ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [\] ^ _` ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ {|} ~ List the reverse : ~} | {zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba `_ ^] \ [ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA @> = 011 1111 077 63 3F? Binary October December hex Avatar 100 0000 100 6440 @ 100 0001 101 65 41 A 100 0010 102 66 42 B 100 0011 103 67 43 C 100 0100 104 68 44 D 100 0101 105 69 45 E 100 0110 106 70 46 F 100 0111 107 71 47 G 100 1000 110 72 48 H 100 1001 111 7349 I 100 1010 112 74 4A J 100 1011 113 75 4B K 100 1100 114 76 4C L 100 1101 115 77 4D M 100 1110 116 78 4E N 100 1111 117 79 4F O 101 0000 120 80 50 P 101 0001 121 8151 o 101 0010 122 82 52 R 101 0011 123 83 53 S 101 0100 124 84 54 T 101 0101 125 85 55 U 101 0110 126 86 56 V 101 0111 127 87 57 W 101 1000 130 88 58 X 101 1001 131 89 59 Y 101 1010 132 90 5A Z 101 1011 133 91 5B [ 101 1100 134 92 5C \ 101 1101 135 93 5D] 101 1110 136 94 5E ^ 101 1111 137 95 5F _ Binary October December hex Avatar 110 0000 140 9660 ` 110 0001 141 9761 and 110 0010 142 9862 b 110 0011 143 9963 c 110 0100 144 100 64 d 110 0101 145 101 65 e 110 0110 146 102 66 110 0111 147 103 67 g 110 1000 150 104 68 h 110 1001 151 105 69 I 110 1010 152 106 6A j 110 1011 153 107 6B k 110 1100 154 108 6C for 110 1101 155 109 6D m 110 1110 156 110 6E n 110 1111 157 111 6F Q 111 0000 160 112 70 p 111 0001 161 113 71 F. 111 0010 162 114 72 p. 111 0011 163 115 73 s 111 0100 164 116 74 t 111 0101 165 117 75 El 111 0110 166 118 76 V 111 0111 167 119 77th 111 1000 170 120 78 Q 111 1001 171 121 79 y 111 1010 172 122 7A z 111 1011 173 123 7B { 111 1100 174 124 7C | 111 1101 175 125 7D} 111 1110 176 126 7E ~ Aliases A يونيو 1992 RFC [43] and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority registry of character sets [11] to identify aliases of the following case-insensitive for ASCII as suitable for use on the Internet: ANSI_X3.4-1968 ( canonical name ) ISO-IR-6 ANSI_X3.4-1986 ISO_646.irv: 1991 ASCII ( With ASCII-7-8 ASCII and variables ) [ not in citation given ] ISO646 for the United States US-ASCII ( preferred MIME name) [11] Us IBM367 cp367 csASCII Of these, the IANA and encourages the use of the name US-ASCII for Internet uses of ASCII ( even if it is an abbreviation for unnecessary , but there is a need for the United States because of the misuse of the term ASCII). One often finds in the optional charset parameter in the Content-Type header of some of the messages MIME, in the equation of meta element of some HTML documents , and in the Declaration of encoding introduction of some XML documents . Variables With the proliferation of computer technology in all parts of the world , and the various standards bodies and corporations developed many variations of ASCII to facilitate the expression of non-English languages that use alphabets based in Romania . Can be one of the class of some of these differences as extensions ASCII, although some misuse that term to represent all the variables , including those that do not retain the ASCII character map in the range of 7 bits. And PETSCII code Commodore International used in this 8-bit systems, and perhaps unique among post- 1970 codes in being based on ASCII-1963, instead of the more common ASCII -1967 , such as finding ZX Spectrum computer. Atari 8-bit computers and Galaksija computers also use variables ASCII. 7-bit From the early development , [44] and was intended to ASCII to be one of several alternatives to a national -level code of an international character , which was published at the end of the day as ISO / IEC 646 (1972), which will share the most characters in common but assign other useful locally characters to several code points reserved for national use . However, during the four years that have elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and the acceptance of ISO first international recommendation during 1967 [ 45 ] causing options ASCII characters use the National Oabdo that de facto standards for the world , causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did not begin to make the tasks their own points to this code. ISO / IEC 646, like ASCII, was a 7-bit character set . It does not make any additional codes , so the same code points encoded different characters in different countries . Have been identified escape codes that refer to the application of alternative national piece of text , but it is rarely used , so it was often impossible to know what the alternative to work with, and thus any symbol character actress, and treatment systems, general texts that deal with only one variable anyway . Because it has been set characters arc and arc from ASCII to national use points the code that was used for the posts of teacher in variables and other national of ISO / IEC 646, a programmer German, French, Swedish or , etc. using a variable national ISO / IEC 646, rather than ASCII , was to write, and thus read , something like ä aÄiÜ = Ön; ü Instead of {A [i] = \ n;} trigraphs C was created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their introduction in the late and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. 8-bit At the end of the day, and 8 -, - 16 and 32-bit ( later , 64 -bit began ) to replace computers, 18 - and 36 -bit computers and al-Qaeda , it has become common to use byte 8 bits to store each character in memory , providing an opportunity to extend the 0.8 -bit , relatives of ASCII. In most cases this has developed as an extension of the real ASCII, leaving the original character mapping intact, but adding additional character definitions after the 128 (ie, 7-bit ) initials . Put most home computer systems early in the character sets for the 8-bit which contains a line drawing game and symbols , and often filled in some or all of the control characters 0-31 with more graphics. IBM PC and the definition of the code page 437 , which replaced the set of characters with graphic symbols such as smiley faces , and the appointment of additional graphic characters to the upper 128 jobs . Operating systems such as DOS - supported these code pages , and manufacturers of devices supported them in IBM hardware . Digital Equipment Corporation developed the Multinational Character Set (DEC-MCS) for use in the popular VT220 terminal , and this was one of the first extensions of its kind designed more international languages of the graphics of the block . Definition Macintosh Mac OS Romania also define and footnote group , all of these messages contained both international and punctuation typos rather than graphics , and more like a modern character sets . And ISO / IEC 8859 standard ( derived from the DEC-MCS) finally made the standard that most systems copied (at least as much as they copy ASCII, but with many of the relays ) . And more popular extension designed by Microsoft, and Windows 1252 ( often termed as the ISO-8859-1), and added punctuation typographical needed to print the text attractive . The ISO-8859-1, Windows 1252 , and the original 7-bit ASCII character encodings most common until the late 2000s , at the present time UTF-8 is becoming more common . [ 13
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