Indian Department of Education Ministry of Human Resource Development Pallam Raju National education budget (2005–2012) Budget 99057 crore (US$16 billion) General details Primary languages Hindi, English, or State language System type federal, state, private Established Compulsory Education 1 April 2010 Literacy (2011 [2] ) Total 66% [1] Male 72% Female 58% Enrollment ((N/A)) Total (N/A) Primary (N/A) Secondary (N/A) Post secondary (N/A) Attainment Secondary diploma 40% Post-secondary diploma 7% Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central , state , and local . Takshasila was the earliest recorded centre of higher learning in India from at least 5th century BCE and it is debatable whether it could be regarded a university or not. The Nalanda University was the oldest university-system of education in the world in the modern sense of university. [3] Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British Raj . Education in India falls under the control of both the Union Government and the State Governments, with some responsibilities lying with the Union and the states having autonomy for others. The various articles of the Indian Constitution provide for education as a fundamental right. Most universities in India are controlled by the Union or the State Governments. India has made progress in terms of increasing the primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to approximately three quarters of the population.[4] Indias improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to the economic rise of India . [5] Much of the progress, especially in higher education and scientific research, has been credited to various public institutions. The private education market in India was 5% [ citation needed ] and in terms of value was estimated to be worth US$40 billion in 2008 but had increased to US$68–70 billion by 2012. [6] As per the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2012, 96.5% of all rural children between the ages of 6-14 were enrolled in school. This is the fourth annual survey to report enrollment above 96%. 83% of all rural 15-16 year olds were enrolled in school. However, going forward, India will need to focus more on quality. Gross enrollment at the tertiary level has crossed 20% (as per an Ernst & Young Report cited in Jan 2013 in Education News/ minglebox) As per the latest (2013) report issued by the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), there are more than 3524 diploma and post-diploma offering institutions in the country with an annual intake capacity of over 1.2 million. The AICTE also reported 3495 degree-granting engineering colleges in India with an annual student intake capacity of over 1.76 million with actual enrollment crossing 1.2 million.. Capacity for Management Education crossed 385000, and post graduate degree slots in Computer Science crossed 100,000. Pharmacy slots reached over 121,000. Total annual intake capacity for technical diplomas and degrees exceeded 3.4 million in 2012. According to the University Grants Commission (UGC) total enrollment in Science, Medicine, Agriculture and Engineering crossed 6.5 million in 2010. Charu Sudan Kasturi reported in the Hindustan Times (New Delhi, 10 January 2011) that the number of women choosing engineering has more than doubled since 2001. In the India education system, a significant number of seats are reserved under affirmative action policies for the historically disadvantaged Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. In universities/ colleges/institutions affiliated to the federal government there is a minimum 50% of reservations applicable to these disadvantaged groups, at the state level it can vary. Andhra Pradesh had 83.33% reservation in 2012, which is the highest percentage of reservations in India.
Posted on: Fri, 31 Jan 2014 05:32:40 +0000
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