Its Birthday Pierre de Fermat was born in the first decade of the seventeenth century in France in Beaumont-de-Lomagne (current department of Tarn-et-Garonne), near Montauban, and died January 12, 1665 in France in Castres (Tarn current) it was a French mathematician and a magistrate of the seventeenth century polymath and poet, an able Latin scholar and Hellenist, who was interested in the physical sciences; He was responsible for Fermats principle in optics. He contributed to the creation of Descartes analytical geometry (it is the first to provide a general method for the determination of tangents to a plane curve) to that of the infinitesimal calculus (Leibniz and Newton), and that of probability (Blaise Pascal). This is especially the founder of modern number theory, the branch of mathematics that studies the integers. In the early 1630s, with the publication of very short treatises, now outdated (about thirty, of which almost half are lost) and only a few pages, mostly devoted to geometry, Pierre de Fermat starts make known mathematicians. he published his translation of Apollonius of Perga, De Locis PlaNIS Places plans. In 1638, he exhibited publicly his method minima. January 18, Descartes attack in a letter to Mersenne about his passion, which he shares with Vieta, Ghetaldi and Snell to apply to restore the Greeks. Although it does not seem to be up to Paris, his friends are mathematicians to Mersenne. These are Beaugrand, Étienne Pascal and Roberval, that burden of supporting his ideas, when in 1640 there was the first controversy with Descartes about optics. He corresponded with Torricelli, Carcavi, John Wallis, William Brouncker, Frénicle ... As demand consistently demonstrated by the evidence theories it advances. The following year, Descartes causes a new row over the generality of the method of Fermat (method of maxima and minimis) to properly determine the tangents of an algebraic curve. It is still mediated by Mersenne. Roberval and Etienne Pascal, convinced by the method of Fermat, even if they are not proficient, take his party, while Descartes is supported by Mydorge Claude and Claude Hardy. To end the controversy, Descartes Fermat sends a letter in which he further described his méthode11 letter which begins with these words: The general method for finding the tangents of the curves should be explained more clearly than it appears to have been. Descartes répond12 him I have not had less joy of receiving the letter informing me the favor to promise me your friendship, if it came to me from a mistress I would passionately desired the favor. Seeing how the last you employ to find the tangents of the curves, I have something else to respond, otherwise it is very good and if you had explained initially in Celtic way, I n there should have at all contradicted. Thus Descartes admits the relevance of the method of Fermat method that later became the foundation of calculus. In 1659 its trade with Carcavi and publication of his account of new discoveries in the science of numbers, made him known as one of the most ingenious mathematicians of his time. it establishes with admirable sagacity several lost works of Apollonius and Euclid. Both in his life, little known about the scarcity of its production, Fermat leaves behind the image of a scientist too quiet, concealing his methods, leaving regret that some will be lost with him. It was only in 1670 that his last theorem (mentioned in a marginal note to his Diophante) is exposed to the public. He published in 1660, without signing his name, an important treatise on geometry, De linearum curvarum Lineis rectis Comparatione Dissertatio cum geometrica. In 1662 he published his memoir, written five years earlier: Summary for refractions. It is thus opposed permanently with Descartes, who in his diopter, explained the laws of optics by comparing the light at a ball subject to various forces. Fermat is based on the principle that animates all his life: Nature always acts by the shortest and simplest ways. The talks resumed with the followers of the philosopher in The Hague, and Clerselier Cureau House. Elegant as usual, Fermat finally give up the fight, provided he acknowledge his merits as a surveyor. Following the history of science will prove him right. He shares with Vieta, it uses the ratings, and Descartes, with whom he was in conflict, the glory of having applied algebra to geometry. DAlembert saw in his work the first application of calculus, judgment shared Arbogast, Lagrange and Laplace. He imagined, in fact, to determine the tangents, a method, called maximized minimis and that makes it look like the first inventor of calculus and the first to use the derivative formulas (however, the findings of the school Kerala, India, between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, are often considered to have anticipated these results). Fermat contributes his epistolary exchange with Blaise Pascal to develop the foundations of probability theory, a mathematical chance that study causes of the problem of the Chevalier de Mere parties. But his major contribution relates to number theory and Diophantine equations. Author of several theorems or conjectures in this area, it is the heart of modern number theory. He is well known for two theorems: Fermats little theorem and Fermats Last Theorem; it was only a conjecture and remained for more than three centuries of feverish research. and ppour are Fermats principle in optics that ennonce that ee path traveled by light between two points is always the one that optimizes the travel time. 1665 the mathematician Beaumont arrive at a satisfactory formulation of the principle of minimum time (Fermat Works, vol. III, 149-156), explaining the path of light in media of different indices. Thus it updates Fermats principle, a fundamental principle of geometrical optics that describes the shape of the optical path of a light ray and states: Light travels from one point to other on trajectories such as the duration of the course is extremal. It allows you to recover most of the results of geometrical optics, especially the laws of reflection on the mirrors, the laws of refraction ... respects In 1935, the International Astronomical Union has named Fermat a lunar crater. CNES building bears his name. In 1957, on a proposal from the mayor of Toulouse Raymond Badiou, the prestigious boys school in the city, until then unnamed, was renamed in his honor. On August 17, 2011, Google celebrated the birth of Pierre de Fermat by changing its logo to a green chalkboard on which is inscribed a mathematical formula. This year round-it in 2014, a cable ship from France Telecom Marine will be operated under the name of Pierre de Fermat. Ship Pierre de Fermat and his crew will take over the maintenance of submarine cables in the Atlantic region and Northern Europe Photo Copyleft
Posted on: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 11:06:30 +0000
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