Oghuz languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about a major branch of the Turkic language family. For other uses, see Oghuz (disambiguation). Oghuz Southwestern Turkic Geographic distribution: Lenguas Oguz.png Linguistic classification: Turkic Oghuz Subdivisions: Turkish Group Azerbaijani Group Turkmen Group Southern Oghuz group Salar The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 150 million people in an area spanning from the Balkans to China. Contents [hide] 1 The term 2 Linguistic features 2.1 Shared features 2.2 Unique features 3 Classification 4 See also 5 References The term[edit] The term Oghuz language is applied to the Southwestern Branch of Turkic languages such as Turkish language, Azerbaijani language and Turkmen language which are mainly spoken in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iranian Azerbaijan, Turkmeneli, and Syria.[1] In the 8th century, the Oghuz tribes migrated to Central Asia from Altai Mountains, and then they started to spread out through Central Asia and Khwarezm to the Middle East and Balkans. With time, Oghuz name was replaced by the names Turkmen, Seljuk, Azeri, and later Ottoman Turk.[2] Due to the fact that Oghuz Turks settled in different parts of Asia and Europe, the Oghuz language has had a number of different features and dialects, which led linguists to classify them under the Oghuz languages. Linguistic features[edit] [icon] This section requires expansion with: text. (February 2011) The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Turkic languages; others are unique to the Oghuz family. Shared features[edit] Loss of initial *h sound (shared with all Turkic languages but Khalaj) Loss of the instrumental case (shared with all Turkic languages but Sakha and Khalaj) Unique features[edit] Voicing of stops before front vowels (e.g. gör- < kör- to see) Loss of q/ɣ after ɨ/u (e.g. quru < quruq dry, sarɨ < sarɨɣ yellow) Change in form of participial -gan- to -an- Classification[edit] The Oghuz languages may be broken down into three main groups, based on geography and shared features: a Western group, including Turkish, including Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Gagauz, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, and the language of the Meskhetian Turks Azerbaijani, including the northern and southern varieties of Azerbaijani, and the languages of the Iraqi Turkmen of Iran and Iraq an Eastern or Turkmen group, including Turkmen, Khorasani Turkish, and the Oghuz dialect of Uzbek a southern group, including dialects of Iran (Qashqai, Sonqori, Aynallu etc.) and Afghanistan (Afshar). An outlying language, Salar, is spoken by about 70,000 people in China. Two further languages, Crimean Tatar and Urum, are historically Kypchak languages, but have been so heavily influenced by Oghuz languages that it is difficult to classify them definitively as either Oghuz or Kypchak. The extinct Pecheneg language is probably Oghuz, but as it is poorly documented, it is difficult to further classify it within the Oghuz family.[citation needed] See also[edit] Oghuz Turks Turkic languages Turkic peoples References[edit] Jump up ^ Syed Muzammiluddin, TURKIC LANGUAGES AND LEXICAL SIMILARITIES OF TURKISH AND URDU - An Etymological Approach Online Edition[dead link] Jump up ^ Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Infobase Publishing, 19 May 2010, p.839, 831 Johanson, Lars and Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5. Menges, Karl H. (1995). The Turkic Languages and Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03533-1.
Posted on: Sun, 26 Jan 2014 15:53:32 +0000
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