On the way to civilization https://youtube/watch?v=x5Mpm5nYxls&feature=player_embedded Rank Country External debt US dollars Date Per capita US dollars % of GDP 1 United States 17,997,889,181,468.20 7 December 2014 58,437 106 2 United Kingdom 9,590,995,000,000 31 March 2014 160,158 406 3 Germany 5,546,869,000,000 31 March 2014 57,755 142 4 France 5,750,152,000,000 31 March 2014 74,619 182 5 Japan 2,861,488,000,000 31 March 2014 24,000 60 6 Netherlands 2,526,895,000,000 31 March 2014 226,503 73 7 Luxembourg[note 1] 3,472,282,000,000 31 March 2014 3,696,467 3,443 8 Italy 2,651,413,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 36,841 108 9 Spain 2,305,648,000,000 31 March 2014 52,045 167 10 Ireland 239,672,886,310 30 September 2014 52,227 1,008.2 11 Australia 1,395,638,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 52,596 95 12 Belgium 1,286,918,000,000 31 March 2014 113,603 266 13 Switzerland 1,610,897,000,000 31 March 2014 154,063 229 14 Canada 1,337,445,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 29,625 64 15 Sweden 1,145,785,000,000 31 March 2014 91,487 187 16 Hong Kong 1,231,233,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 105,420 334 17 Austria 820,010,000,000 31 March 2014 90,128 200 18 China 3,000,000,000,000 31 December 2013.[10] 2,220.57 37.5 19 Norway 737,118,000,000 31 March 2014 131,220 141 20 Russia 715,819,000,000 31 March 2014 3,634 23 21 Denmark 593,221,000,000 31 March 2014 101,084 180 22 Greece 574,920,000,000 31 March 2014 47,636 174 23 Finland 577,700,000,000 31 December 2011 68,960 155 23 Portugal 548,800,000,000 30 June 2011 47,835 223 24 South Korea 425,353,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 7,567 37 25 Brazil 428,300,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,608 15 26 Turkey 386,786,000,000 30 June 2014 5,114 48 27 India 455,900,000,000 31 September 2014 est. 1,626 22.795 28 Mexico 352,900,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,956 20 29 Sweden 326,000,000,000 20 January 2014 6,586 47 30 Indonesia 251,200,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 837 28 31 Hungary 202,000,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 14,821 115 32 United Arab Emirates 163,800,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 24,273 41 33 Qatar 137,000,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 41,988 55 34 Saudi Arabia 134,000,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,176 19 36 Romania 132,100,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 5,082 67 37 Ukraine 142,000,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 2,995 81 38 Iceland[11][12] 116,053,000,000 2008 362,942 999 39 Thailand 140,065,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 1,292 26 40 Cyprus 106,500,000,000 31 December 2011 est. 37,812 129 41 Venezuela 105,700,000,000 [13] 31 December 2012 1,906 19 42 Kazakhstan 105,500,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 6,060 68 43 Israel 95,019,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 12,070 42 44 Chile 102,100,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 5,867 38 45 Malaysia 95,550,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 2,570 31 46 New Zealand 90,230,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 52,300 126 47 Czech Republic 108,067,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 8,260 45 48 South Africa 137,500,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,613 23 49 Colombia 85,140,000,000 31 July 2013 est. 1,269 20 50 Slovakia 68,440,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 10,926 68 51 Pakistan 67,000,000,000 21 May 2013 est. 366 30 52 Croatia 64,250,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 13,519 99 53 Slovenia 61,230,000,000 30 June 2011 25,555 47.6 54 Philippines 58,500,000,000 30 December 2013 est. 636 32 55 Iraq 50,268,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,641 64 56 Malta 48,790,000,000 30 June 2011 14,233 72 57 Egypt 48,760,000,000 31 December 2013 est. 391 14 58 Bulgaria 43,240,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 6,261 90 59 Vietnam 68,380,000,000 31 December 2013 est. 379 32 60 Sudan 39,700,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 946 55 61 Peru 52,590,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,126 22 62 Bangladesh 36,210,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 149 23 63 Latvia 35,340,000,000 31 December 2012 18,527 146 64 Lebanon 32,640,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 8,815 88 65 Serbia 32,600,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 4,178 80 66 Lithuania 32,840,000,000 31 December 2012 9,995 80 67 Morocco 29,420,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 712 22 68 Kuwait 28,210,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 15,754 43 69 Bahrain 25,270,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 13,261 65 70 Tunisia 24,490,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,779 42 71 Sri Lanka 22,820,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 881 36 72 Cuba 22,360,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,780 34 73 Estonia 22,228,000,000 31 December 2013 16,944 87 74 Ecuador 20,030,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 995 25 75 Angola 19,650,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 944 21 76 The Bahamas 16,680,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,067 6 77 Dominican Republic 16,580,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,162 25 78 Monaco[note 2] 16,500,000,000 31 June 2010 est. 471,428 240 79 Guatemala 16,170,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,216 42 80 Jamaica 14,600,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 4,660 92 81 Panama 13,130,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,927 52 82 El Salvador 12,840,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,953 53 83 North Korea 3,000,000,000 2012 est. 544 84 Costa Rica 12,040,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,874 24 85 Uruguay 11,610,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,989 33 86 Ghana 11,230,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 274 21 87 Tanzania 11,180,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 183 33 88 Uzbekistan 10,460,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 150 11 89 Nigeria 10,100,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 71 5 90 Ethiopia 9,956,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 51 14 91 Oman 9,768,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 2,962 16 92 Kenya 3,624,000,000 31 March 2014 est. 200 25 93 Iran 9,452,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 170 4 94 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9,051,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 2,052 48 95 Syria 8,818,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 373 13 96 Jordan 8,345,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 903 20 97 Georgia 8,688,742,000 31 December 2012 1,940 54.8 98 Democratic Republic of the Congo 7,644,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 197 122 99 Republic of the Congo 7,644,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,722 155 100 Zimbabwe 6,975,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 609 103 101 Republic of Macedonia 6,740,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 2,668 60 102 Yemen 6,726,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 293 23 103 Armenia 6,435,000,000 31 December 2012 1,584 56 104 Paraguay 5,714,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 382 13 105 Bolivia 5,604,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 275 15 106 Laos 5,599,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 900 91 107 Burma 5,448,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 117 17 108 Zambia 5,445,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 264 22 109 Albania 5,281,000,000 31 December 2012 882 23 110 Nicaragua 5,228,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 693 62 111 Moldova 5,167,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,296 79 112 Cambodia 5,071,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 304 37 113 Libya 5,278,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 972 9 114 Honduras 4,884,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 465 23 115 Mozambique 4,880,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 231 50 117 Papua New Guinea 4,860,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 238 16 118 Trinidad and Tobago 4,780,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,502 21 119 Cote dIvoire 4,742,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 527 51 120 Barbados 4,490,000,000 2010 est. 2,456 22 121 Algeria 4,344,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 115 3 122 Namibia 4,204,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,131 20 123 Uganda 4,126,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 85 17 124 Senegal 4,117,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 296 30 125 Azerbaijan 4,042,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 8,513 6 126 Nepal 3,774,000,000 31 December 2011 161 35 127 Kyrgyzstan 3,666,000,000 31 December 2012 699 81 128 Cameroon 3,343,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 164 15 129 Mauritius 2,942,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,937 52 130 Somalia 2,942,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 386 131 Tajikistan 2,771,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 262 35 132 Gabon 2,758,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,587 18 133 Mali 2,725,000,000 31 December 2012 254 88 134 Guinea 2,652,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 305 68 135 Madagascar 2,631,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 140 36 136 Burkina Faso 2,442,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 136 23 137 Mongolia 2,070,000,000 31 December 2011 686 41 138 Botswana 1,968,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,208 16 139 Chad 1,749,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 160 21 140 Belize 1,457,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,079 75 141 Seychelles 1,453,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 15,614 147 142 Niger 1,451,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 178 79 143 Afghanistan 1,280,000,000 FY10/11 92 22 144 Bhutan 1,275,000,000 2011 1,193 64 145 Guyana 1,234,000,000 31 December 2010 1,049 42 146 Equatorial Guinea 1,232,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 634 6 147 Malawi 1,214,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 77 24 148 Montenegro 1,200,000,000 2011 est. 939 24 149 Guinea-Bissau 1,095,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 722 259 150 Belarus 1,067,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 2,629 45 151 Palestine 1,040,000,000 2010 est. 414 152 Eritrea 1,026,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 195 58 153 Maldives 1,015,000,000 2011 est. 2,947 50 154 Benin 953,500,000 31 December 2012 est. 308 43 — Faroe Islands 888,800,000 2010 155 Haiti 854,700,000 31 December 2012 est. 36 5 156 Sierra Leone 827,600,000 31 December 2012 est. 340 61 157 Djibouti 802,900,000 31 December 2012 est. 573 56 158 Cape Verde 741,300,000 31 December 2012 est. 714 52 159 Swaziland 737,300,000 31 December 2012 est. 428 14 160 Lesotho 715,400,000 31 December 2012 est. 255 30 161 The Gambia 545,800,000 31 December 2012 est. 306 50 162 Grenada 538,000,000 2010 est. 3,402 74 163 Suriname 504,300,000 2005 est. 1,011 28 164 Comoros 485,400,000 31 December 2010 est. 430 115 — Aruba 478,600,000 2005 est. 4,935 21 165 Saint Lucia 471,400,000 31 December 2012 est. 1,586 32 166 Central African Republic 469,500,000 31 December 2012 est. 270 68 167 Antigua and Barbuda 458,000,000 June 2010 4,388 36 168 Turkmenistan 428,900,000 31 December 2012 est. 978 25 169 Liberia 400,300,000 31 December 2012[14] 65 22 170 Sao Tome and Principe 316,600,000 31 December 2012 est. 2,193 349 171 Vanuatu 307,700,000 31 December 2012 est. 389 22 172 Fiji 268,000,000 31 December 2012 est. 150 5 173 Dominica 253,800,000 31 December 2012 est. 3,000 75 174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 252,200,000 31 December 2012 est. 4,477 85 175 Samoa 235,500,000 31 December 2009 est. 968 47 176 Burundi 231,700,000 31 December 2012 167 202 177 Saint Kitts and Nevis 189,100,000 31 December 2012 est. 6,408 79 178 Solomon Islands 166,000,000 2004 355 44 — Bermuda 160,000,000 FY99/00 2,575 5 179 Cook Islands 141,000,000 1996 est. 7,756 180 Tonga 118,600,000 31 December 2012 est. 799 33 181 Marshall Islands 87,000,000 2008 est. 1,377 54 — New Caledonia 79,000,000 1998 est. 385 3 — Cayman Islands 79,000,000 1998 est. 2,078 7 182 Federated States of Micronesia 60,800,000 FY05 est. 556 25 — Greenland 36,400,000 2010 1,035 5 183 Nauru 33,300,000 2004 est. 184 Kiribati 10,000,000 1999 est. 120 14 — Montserrat 8,900,000 1997 — Anguilla 8,800,000 1998 — Wallis and Futuna 3,670,000 2004 185 Niue 418,000 2002 est. 186 Singapore 0 31 March 2014 est. 0 0[15] — Macau 0 2010 0 0 — British Virgin Islands 0 2012 187 Brunei 0 2011 0 0 188 Liechtenstein 0 2005 0 0 189 Taiwan 0 31 December 2012 est. 0 0 190 Palau 0 2000 0 0 [wiki] JacopoPontormo-PortraitofTwoFriends.jpg Portrait of Two Friends by Italian artist Pontormo Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between two or more people. Friendship is a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an association. Friendship has been studied in academic fields such as sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and philosophy. Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, including social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. A World Happiness Database study found that people with close friendships are happier. Although there are many forms of friendship, some of which may vary from place to place, certain characteristics are present in many types of friendship. Such characteristics include affection, sympathy, empathy, honesty, altruism, mutual understanding and compassion, enjoyment of each others company, trust, and the ability to be oneself, express ones feelings, and make mistakes without fear of judgment from the friend. While there is no practical limit on what types of people can form a friendship, friends tend to share common backgrounds, occupations, or interests, and have similar demographics. [wiki] AnselmKlotz-JosefFrey.jpg Austrian mountain guides Anselm Klotz (left) and Josef Frey (right), 19th century A guide is a person who leads travelers or tourists through unknown or unfamiliar locations. The term can also be applied to a person who leads others to more abstract goals such as knowledge or wisdom. Mountain guides are those employed in mountaineering; these are not merely to show the way but stand in the position of professional climbers with an expert knowledge of rock and snowcraft, which they impart to the amateur, at the same time assuring the safety of the climbing party. This professional class of guides arose in the middle of the 19th century when Alpine climbing became recognized as a sport. In Switzerland, the central committee of the Swiss Alpine Club issues a guides’ tariff which fixes the charges for guides and porters; there are three sections, for the Valais and Vaudois Alps, for the Bernese Oberland, and for central and eastern Switzerland. In Chamonix (France) a statue has been raised to Jacques Balmat, who was the first to climb Mont Blanc in 1786. Other notable European guides are Christian Almer, Jakob and Melchior Anderegg, Auguste Balmat, Alexander Burgener, Armand Charlet, Michel Croz, François Devouassoud, Angelo Dibona, Andreas Heckmair, the Innerkofler family, Conrad Kain, Christian Klucker, and Matthias Zurbriggen. [wiki] Guides are useful members of human communities. By their knowledge, wisdom, honesty and kindness, human communities may prevent accidents, and/or recover from them in case they have already happened. Guides are escorting safely their fellow human beings on the way to civilization.
Posted on: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 18:43:14 +0000
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