Other Excerpts From “RUMORS OF UFOs” -- The Drake Equation is a probabilistic equation, meaning, it is derived from probability based upon what Drake thought as important and contributing factors in the development of alien civilizations. However, it has been played with so much, you can’t consider it tangible. For example, look at the amount of variables, the degree they can be varied, and what they’re based upon. This equation has rendered numbers from as low as 10 to as high as 36.4 million. By this illustration alone, there is absolutely no relevance to it simply because you can concoct any number you want just to make your point! The latest to recalculate the number of alien civilizations using the Drake Equation is the Italian astronomer Claudio Maccone, who estimates that our galaxy may harbor 4,590 extraterrestrial civilizations. Truthfully, it is just another guess based on probability…and neither on fact nor reality. As stated above (in First Chapter of RUMORS OF UFOs), G type stars (like our Sun) make up about 7.6% of all stars. This is a relatively small amount considering the percentages of the others. However, the average G star longevity is 90% greater than most of the other stars. A G-type main sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G and luminosity class V. Such a star has about 0.8 to 1.2 solar masses and a surface temperature of between 5,300 and 6,000 K. Like other main-sequence stars, a G V star is in the process of converting hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion. Our Sun is the best known (and most visible) example of a G V star. Each second, it fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen to helium, converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Other G V stars include Alpha Centauri A, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi. However, some warmer K stars sequence range 0 to 1 fall within the temperature zone that permits the existence of H2O (water) which is necessary to produce life. Cooler F stars that sequence range falls between 8 to 10 may also have the possibility to produce water and thus develop life. Now let’s approach the amount of planets harboring life in our galaxy with this as a true factor using a hypothetical assumption that advance life forms can only evolve on planets orbiting G type stars. (Of course life can evolve on planets orbiting other types of stars, but we are using this purely for the sake of argument.) Since there are somewhere between 100 billion to 400 billion stars in our galaxy, therefore the amount of planets with evolving life forms orbiting around G type stars (counting every one of them of course) should be between 7.6 billion to 30.4 billion. We then apply the second factor: the calculated amount of 0.6 of one percent (remember that magical number derived from the study of neighboring stars done by the University of Arizona). For the lowest number of civilizations: 7,600,000,000 x 0.6% For the highest number of civilizations: 30,400,000,000 x 0.6% These come out to be 45.6 million to 182.4 million alien civilizations equal to or in advanced to us in terms of technology. Our logical derived calculations and numbers were simply the resultant from the amount of G-type stars in the galaxy combined with 0.6% from the study by the University of Arizona. From this it is easy to come to the conclusion that the deduced minimal amount of existing alien technological civilizations right now is at least 45.6 million or 11 million more than the highest estimates of the Drake Equation. And on such a scale, these two numbers are very, very close. It doesn’t take a flaccid and abstract formula to prove a hypothesis, where simplified mathematics and logic will do just fine. Then again, this is taking an engineering view point in problem solving. The Forward and the First Chapter are available for reading, and can be accessed by simply going to the book’s Amazon site and ‘right clicking’ on the image of the book cover. The link is: amazon/Rumors-UFOs-Herbert-Risch-ebook/dp/B00MDJ8ZOY/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1407144916&sr=1-1&keywords=rumors+of+ufos I hope you will take the time to visit the book site and check it out. Hopefully, you’ll truly delight in what it brings
Posted on: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 10:32:32 +0000
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