PA 582 Entire Course Public Policy Formulation and Implementation Keller PLEASE DOWNLOAD HERE! studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=16660 Received 1000/1000 Points This tutorial includes the following: Week 3 Assignment: Approaches to the Public Administration-6 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2128 Preview: One of the advantages of the managerial approach is that it enables the government to adapt to regional or local conditions, especially given that the various regions in a large nation such as the United States would likely have different physical characteristics in terms of their hydrology, topography, and climate. In addition, a managerial or decentralized approach enables the government to keep its span of control manageable, that is, the number of subordinates that report to an administrative official is reduced. In turn, this enables an administrative official to more effectively supervise their subordinates. Even with a decentralized approach, it may still be possible to implement national guidelines to local conditions. In sum, the managerial approach promotes the managerial values of economy, efficiency, responsiveness to clients and customers, and administrative effectiveness. Week 6 Assignment: Policy Research: Gender Inequality - 14 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2130 Preview: Gender inequality has been an issue that has plagued our society as early as the Biblical times. These issues continue to persist in our modern world, both on a national and international level. These issues are of great importance in the United States specifically, as the United States Census Bureau (2011) indicated that 50.8% of the American population consisted of female persons in 2011. With over half of the population consisting of women, it is then important for this population segment to be provided with the necessary support. As Secretary of State Hilary Clinton said, “If half of the world’s population remains vulnerable to economic, political, legal, and social marginalization, our hope of advancing democracy and prosperity is in serious jeopardy. The United States must be an unequivocal and unwavering voice in support of women’s rights in every country, on every continent.” (U.S. Department of State, 2012) Week 4 Midterm Exam: Decision Making Graded 100% Correct studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=16659 (TCO A) Of the following, which is not a central value of the managerial approach? (TCO A) Public administration is similar to private management in that (TCO C) During the 20th century, the government in the United States grew and expanded immensely. This trend has continued into this century. This growth and expansion is known as: (TCO I) Organized interests can influence administrative policy making through (TCO E) In 1993, the Congress of the United States passed the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). This act most closely seeks to (TCO E) Property taxes tend to be (TCO I) Discuss how you as a citizen can try to have an impact on policy making by public administrators within a department or agency at a national level. (TCO C) Define the term interest group (or special interest group), and explain how an individual may try to influence public policy via such a group. (TCO A) Healthcare access and affordability is an issue that has become more prevalent in our society and has been the subject of much debate and legislation. Suppose for the sake of this question that the Congress of the United States government has at long last passed legislation providing for universal healthcare coverage, and the president has signed it into law. In other words, each and every citizen and resident of the United States is now entitled to healthcare services without regard as to the ability to pay. Focusing only on the managerial approach to public administration, please address how the government departments or agencies will be structured to implement this new policy. You may wish to address the values under that approach, the possible organizational structure, the view of the individual, and budgeting issues. (TCO E) If you are a policy maker at a local level seeking funding for a new program or service, you will be facing issues that are different from policy makers at the national level. Please explain three or more of those issues and challenges. Midterm Exam Answers prepared based on the study guide studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=16658 What are the approaches to public administration? What are the values under the various approaches to public administration, including the managerial approach, the political approach, and the legal approach? What are the possible organizational structures under the various approaches to public administration, including the managerial approach, the political approach, and the legal approach? What is the view of the individual under the various approaches to public administration, including the managerial approach, the political approach, and the legal approach? What are the basics of decision making under the various approaches to public administration, including the managerial approach, the political approach, and the legal approach? What are the budgeting issues that may exist under the various approaches to public administration, including the managerial approach, the political approach, and the legal approach? What are the similarities and differences between public management and private management? Why are some policy making done by public administrators rather than elected officials? Why can’t the government be run like a business? Given the U.S. economic and political system, trace the history of public administration as a discipline, ending with an identification of what are considered to be elements of both the new public administration and public choice schools of thought What is the role of an “interest group” (also called a “special interest group”) with respect to the making of public policy? How and why is public policy made by departments and/or agencies? What is the concept of a “stakeholder” with respect to a public policy? What is the reason for the rise of the “administrative state”? What are the basics of the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, including the reason for its passage, the goals under that law, and the idea of Congressional oversight? Given a particular public policy objective, identify and fully explain the steps involved in the policy process, and delineate the respective roles of all relevant stakeholders. Why does a public administrator need to understand financial and budgeting issues such as sources of funding and the federal budget process? What are the sources of taxes at the various levels of governments? What are the major categories of expenditures at the various levels of governments? What is the concept of uncontrollable government expenditures and what are some examples? What are the basics of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)? What are the types of budgeting methods, including the rationale for each respective method? Given program requirements, establish a budget that would be required in order to achieve the policy objectives, and suggest an approach for achieving the necessary funding. What are the means by which a citizen may have an impact on policy making at a national level? What are the means by which a citizen may have an impact on policy making at a state level? What are the means by which a citizen may have an impact on policy making at a local level? What are the ways that an “interest group” (also called a “special interest group”) may influence the making of public policy, including at a department or agency level? Week 8 Final Exam Graded 100% Correct studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=967 (TCO A) Government in general, and public administration in particular, have changed fairly drastically over the past few decades. Explain some of the factors and trends that are transforming these areas. (Points : 30) (TCO B) Efficiency should be one of the goals of an effective public policy. Under the traditional managerial approach to public administration, that goal is consistent with the rational-comprehensive model of decision making. Please define, or otherwise explain, the rational-comprehensive model of decision making and detail how a governmental entity might be organized to effectively use that model. (Points : 30) (TCO C) Legislatures, whether the Congress of the United States or at a state level, often pass legislation that is vague. Hence, the policy mandates given to public administrators via the legislation are vague. Explain first why our elected representatives might create vague statutes and resulting policy directives. Then explain how this may shift policy making to public administrators. (Points : 30) (TCO D) Measuring the effectiveness of a public policy or program initiative can be difficult because usually a pure experimental design cannot be used on account of logistical problems and ethical concerns. In some circumstances, a quasi-experimental design of research can be used to determine if a correlation between a policy change and the results have a cause and effect relationship. Please explain the basics of a quasi-experimental design, and explain how that framework can be used at a state level to try to measure the effectiveness of the public policy. (Points : 30) (TCO E) A public administrator working for a federal agency and overseeing the funding of the public policy implementation for its programs should be cognizant of the federal budget process. Please provide an overview of that process. Assume that you are the program director. Explain how your understanding of the process will assist you in that role. (Points : 30) (TCO F) Olympus School District is in a geographic area that is experiencing rapid population growth. As a result, the district needs three additional schools as soon as reasonably possible. The district is allowed to impose property taxes and has a strong tax base. However, provisions on existing bonds payable restrict its ability to issue more bonds to pay for the construction of the new schools. A consultant from the state education department has suggested to the board of the district to consider entering into a public-private partnership. Please define this term: public-private partnership. What advantage should occur from entering into such an arrangement? Propose a scenario for the construction of the schools using such an arrangement. (Points : 30) (TCO G) Your state has recently passed a law requiring each resident of the state to be covered by at least a minimum amount of health insurance. As a public administrator in charge of the implementation, describe the steps that you feel should be taken so that the policy can be placed in effect in a cost-effective manner. (Points : 30) (TCO H) Once an agency is established to implement a new public policy, that entity may continue to exist year-after-year without evaluation as to its continuing relevance. Some might say that this is a problem. A sunset provision when an agency is created may help to overcome this potential issue. Please define or otherwise explain the term sunset provision in the context of the creation of an agency. Also, explain how such a provision may help the public. (Points : 30) (TCO I) Democracy can be either direct or indirect. Please define both direct democracy and indirect democracy. Generally, which do we have in the United States? Explain briefly what role initiatives, referendums, and recalls might play in this distinction between direct democracy and indirect democracy. (Points : 30) Final Exam Answers prepared based on the study guide – 11 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=16657 Given public administration as a discipline, explicate the role that efficiency, equity, and stabilization objectives play in the development of public policy at all levels of government. Economic aspects of public policy. Models of decision-making – rational-comprehensive, incrementalism, and adjudication. Experimental design of research. Nonexperimental design of research. Quasi-experimental design of research. Given a particular public policy or program initiative, specify the major elements of a policy analysis that will establish the efficacy of that policy or program in consideration of objectives, resources, and alternatives. Federal Budget Process. What is the relationship among deficit, surpluses, and national debt? Given limitations on the availability of public sector resources, establish the conditions under which public-private partnerships would be an appropriate way to achieve policy objectives. Given limitations on the availability of public sector resources, establish the conditions under which public-private partnerships would be an appropriate way to achieve policy objectives. Implementation steps for a new public policy. Determining who should implement a new public policy. Marginal costs of implementation. Given a public policy, prescribe an approach whereby it would be implemented in a cost-effective way. Given a public policy, prescribe an approach whereby it would be evaluated in a meaningful way, and specify the uses to which evaluation results would be put. What is the difference between direct democracy and indirect democracy? Threaded Discussions Public Policy Formulation and Implementation Week 1- 7-All Students Posts- 483 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2139 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 1 Viewpoints All Students Posts– 34 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 1 Approaches to Public Administration All Students Posts– 33 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2113 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 2 Policy Process All Students Posts– 40 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 2 Citizens’ Input All Students Posts– 32 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2114 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 3 Comparing Budgets All Students Posts– 38 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 3 Revenue Sources All Students Posts students– 32 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2115 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 4 Goals of Public Policy All Students Posts – 36 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 4 Federal Income Tax Issues All Students Posts students– 40 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2116 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 5 Implementation All Students Posts– 33 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 5 Evaluation All Students Posts – 30 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2117 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 6 Sunset Provisions All Students Posts – 34 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 6 Citizen Involvement All Students Posts– 36 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2118 Threaded Discussions 1 Week 7 Public-Private Partnership All Students Posts– 32 Pages Threaded Discussions 2 Week 7 The Future All students Posts– 33 Pages studentswithsolutions/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2119
Posted on: Wed, 22 Jan 2014 04:01:40 +0000
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