Para os meus orientandos segue algumas referências bibliográficas sobre cavitação com Ultra Som de Baixa e Alta Frequência. Eu acho que, com todas estas referência da para começar a brincadeira Mãos a obra!!! ACGIH, 2001. Documentation of the threshold limit values for physical agents, seventh ed. In: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 2001. Acton, W.I., 1968. A criterion for the prediction of auditory and subjective effects due to airborne noise from ultrasonic sources. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 11, 227e234. Acton, W.I., 1974. The effects of industrial airborne ultrasound on humans. Ultrasonics 12 (3), 124e128. Acton, W.I., 1983. Exposure to industrial ultrasound: hazards, appraisal and control. Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine 33, 107e113. Acton, W.I., Carson, M.B., 1967. Auditory and subjective effects of airborne noise from industrial ultrasonic sources. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 24, 297e304. Acton, W.I., Hill, C.R., 1977. Hazards of industrial ultrasound. Protection 14 (10), 12e17. Ahmadi, F., McLoughlin, I.V., 2009. The Use of Low Frequency Ultrasonics in Speech Processing, Recent Advances in Signal Processing. Itech Book Publishers, Austria. Allen, C.H., Frings, H., Rudnick, I., 1948. Some biological effects of intense high frequency airborne sound. Journal of Acoustical Society of America 20, 62e65. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM), 2000. Section 4: Bioeffects in tissues with gas bodies. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 19 (2), 97e108. Apfel, R.E., 1986. Possibility of microcavitation from diagnostic ultrasound. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 33 (2), 139e142. Apfel, R.E., Holland, C.K., 1991. Gauging the likelihood of cavitation from shortpulse, low-duty cycle diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 17 (2), 179e185. Arabaci, T., Çiçek, Y., Çanakçi, C.F., 2007. Sonic and ultrasonic scalers in periodontal treatment: a review. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 5 (1), 2e12. Baroli, B., 2010. Penetration of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in the skin: fiction or reality? Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 99 (1), 21e50. Baskurt, O.K., 2007. Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics. IOS Press, Netherlands. Becker, B.M., Helfrich, S., Baker, E., Lovgren, K., Minugh, P.A., Machan, J.T., 2005. Ultrasound with topical anesthetic rapidly decreases pain of intravenous cannulation. Academic Emergency Medicine 12 (4), 289e295. Bommannan, D., Menon, G.K., Okuyama, H., Elias, P.M., Guy, R.H., 1992. Sonophoresis. II. Examination of the mechanism(s) of ultrasound-enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Pharmaceutical Research 9 (8), 1043e1047. Boucaud, A., Montharu, J., Lebertre, M., Patat, F., Vaillant, L., Machet, L., 1999. Biological effects of low frequency ultrasound on the skin. In: Proceedings IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium 1999, vol. 2, pp. 1389e1392. Boucaud, A., Tessier, L., Machet, L., Vaillant, L., Patat, F., 2000. Transdermal delivery of insulin using low frequency ultrasound. In: IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium 2000, vol. 2, pp. 1453e1456. Boucaud, A., Machet, L., Garrigue, M.A., Vaillant, L., Patat, F., 2001a. A practical use of low frequency ultrasound for rapid and reproducible transdermal delivery of insulin. In: IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium 2001, vol. 2, pp. 1327e1330. Boucaud, A., Montharu, J., Machet, L., Arbeille, B., Machet, M., Patat, F., Vaillant, L., 2001b. Clinical, histologic and electron microscopy study of skin exposure to low frequency ultrasound. Anatomical Record 264 (1), 114e119. Boucaud, A., Garrigue, M.A., Machet, L., Vaillanta, L., Patat, F., 2002. Effect of sonication parameters on transdermal delivery of insulin to hairless rats. Journal of Controlled Release 81 (1e2), 113e119. Brennen, C.E., 1995. Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. British Medical Ultrasound Society (BMUS), 2009. Guidelines for the safe use of diagnostic ultrasound equipment. Available online: bmus.org/policies-guides/BMUS-Safety-Guidelines-2009-revision-FINAL-Nov-2009.pdf. Brown, M.B., Martin, G.P., Jones, S.A., Akomeah, F.K., 2006. Dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems: current and future prospects. DrugDelivery 13 (3),175e187. Carvell, K.J., Bigelow, T.A., 2011. Dependence of optimal seed bubble size on pressure amplitude at therapeutic pressure levels. Ultrasonics 51 (2), 115e122. Cevc, G., Vierl, U., 2010. Nanotechnology and the transdermal route. A state of the art review and critical appraisal. Journal of Controlled Release 141 (3), 277e299. Church, C.C., 2005. Frequency, pulse length, and the mechanical index. Acoustics Research Letters Online 6 (3), 162e168. Coleman, A.J., Saunders, J.E., 1993. A review of the physical properties and biological effects of the high amplitude acoustic fields used in extracorporeal lithotripsy. Ultrasonics 31 (2), 75e89. Cooter, R., Babidge, W., Mutimer, K., Wickham, P., Robinson, D., Kiroff, 2001. Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty. ANZ Journal of Surgery 71 (5), 309e317. Crocker, M.J., 1998. Handbook of Acoustics. Wiley Interscience, United States. Crum, L., 1999. Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence. Springer, Netherlands. Curra, F.P., Crum, L.A., 2003. Therapeutic ultrasound: surgery and drug delivery. Acoustical Science and Technology 24 (6), 343e348. Dalecki, D., 2004. Mechanical bioeffects of ultrasound. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 6, 229e248. Dalecki, D., Raeman, C.H., Child, S.Z., Carstensen, E.L., 1995. Intestinal hemorrhage from exposure to pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 21 (8), 1067e1072. Danner, P.A., Ackerman, E., Frings, H.W., 1954. Heating in haired and hairless mice in high-intensity sound fields from 6e22 kHz. Journal of Acoustical Society of America 26, 731e739. Dobroserdov, V.K., 1967. The effect of low frequency ultrasonic and high frequency sound waves on workers. Hygiene and Sanitation 32, 176e181. Duck, F.A., 2007. Medical and non-medical protection standards for ultrasound and infrasound. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 93, 176e191. Duck, F.A., 2008. Hazards, risks and safety of diagnostic ultrasound. Medical Engineering& Physics 30, 1338e1348. Duck, F.A., Baker, A.C., Starritt, H.C., 1998. Ultrasound in Medicine. CRC Press, United States. Dyball, H., 2010. Talking ultrasound. IET Electronic Letters 46 (6), 383. Ensminger, D., Stulen, F.B., 2008. Ultrasonics: Data, Equations and Their Practical Uses. CRC Press, United States. Environmental Health Directorate of Canada (EHDC), 1991. Guidelines for The Safe Use of Ultrasound. Part II-Industrial and Commercial Applications. Environmental Health Directorate of Canada (EHDC). Safety Code 24. Ergun, A.S., Yaralioglu, G.G., Khuri-Yakub, B.T., 2003. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: theory and technology. Journal of Aerospace Engineering 16 (2), 76e84. Esenaliev, R., 2006. Ultrasound-based treatment methods for therapeutic treatment of skin and subcutaneous tissues. US Patent App. 11/542,057. Fang, J.Y., Fang, C.L., Sung, K.C., Chen, H.Y., 1999. Effect of low frequency ultrasound on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of clobetasol 17-propionate. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 191, 33e42. FDA, 2008. Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers. US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, USA. Fine, I., Packer, M., Hoffman, R., 2002. New phacoemulsification technologies. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 28 (6), 1054e1060. Grigoreva, V.M., 1966. Effect of ultrasonic vibrations on personnel working with ultrasonic equipment. Soviet Physics-Acoustics 2, 426e427. Grzesik, J., Pluta, E., 1980. Noise and airborne ultrasound exposure in the industrial environment. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem. Grzesik, J., Pluta, E., 1983. High frequency hearing risk of operators of industrial ultrasonic devices. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 53, 77e78. Hafez, Z.T., 2006. The role of microstreaming in ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis. MSc. Thesis. University of Illinois. Harvey, E.N., Barnes, D.K., McElroy, W.D., Whiteley, A.H., Pease, D.C., Cooper, K.W., 1944. Bubble formation in animals. I. Physical factors. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 24 (1), 1e22. Hill, C.R., ter-Haar, G., 1982. Ultrasound. In: Sues, M.J. (Ed.), Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, European Series World Health Organization. WHO Regional Publications, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 199e228. Hill, C.R., ter-Haar, G., 1988. Nonionizing radiation protection. Ultrasound. WHO Regional Publications European Series 25, 245e291. Hitchcock, K.E., 2010. Ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery in a perfused ex vivo artery model. PhD Thesis. University of Cincinnati. Hodges, R.P., 2011. Underwater Acoustics: Analysis, Design and Performance of Sonar. John Wiley and Sons, United States. Holland, C.K., Apfel, R.E., 1989. An improved theory for the prediction of microcavitation thresholds. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 36 (2), 204e208. Howard, C.Q., Hansen, C.H., Zander, A.C., 2005. A review of current ultrasound exposure limits. The Journal of Occupational Health and Safety of Australia and New Zealand 21 (3), 253e257. IEC, 1997. IEC 60601 Part 2-36: Particular Requirements for the Safety of Equipment for Extracorporeally Induced Lithotripsy. International Electrotechnical Commission, Switzerland. IEC, 2001a. 2005. IEC 60601 Part 2-37: Medical Electrical Equipment e Particular Requirements for the Safety of Ultrasonic Medical Diagnostic and Monitoring Equipment (Amendment 1 2005). International Electrotechnical Commission, Switzerland. IPCS, 1982. International Programme on Chemical Safety: Environmental Health Criteria 22: Ultrasound. IPCS, Switzerland. IRPA, 1984. Interim guidelines on limits of human exposure to airborne ultrasound. International non-ionizing radiation committee of the international radiation protection association. Health Physics 46, 969e974. Ivey, J.A., Gardner, E.A., Fowlkes, J.B., Rubin, J.M., Carson, P.L., 1995. Acoustic generation of intra-arterial contrast boluses. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 21 (6), 757e767. Katz, N.P., Shapiro, D.E., Herrmann, T.E., Kost, J., Custer, L.M., 2004. Rapid onset of cutaneous anesthesia with EMLA cream after pretreatment with a new ultrasound-emitting device. Anesthesia and Analgesia 98 (2), 371e376. Kenneth, A., Knight, L., Draper, D.O., 2007. Therapeutic Modalities: The Art and The Science. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States. Khokhlova, V.A., Bailey, M.R., Reed, J.A., Cunitz, B.W., Kaczkowski, P.J., Crum, L.A., 2006. Effects of nonlinear propagation, cavitation, and boiling in lesion formation by high intensity focused ultrasound in a gel phantom. Journal of Acoustical Society of America 119, 1834e1848. Kost, J., Mitragotri, S., Gabbay, R., Pishko, M., Langer, R., 2000. Transdermal extraction of glucose and other analytes using ultrasound. Nature Medicine 6, 347e350. Laird, W.R.E., Walmsley, A.D., 1991. Ultrasound in dentistry. Part 1. Biophysical interactions. Journal of Dentistry 19 (1), 14e17. Lavon, I., Kost, J., 2004. Review: Ultrasound and transdermal drug delivery. Drug Discovery Today 9 (15), 670e676. Lawton, B.W., 2001. Damage to Human Hearing by Airborne Sound of Very High Frequency or Ultrasonic Frequency. Health & Safety Executive, United Kingdom. Leighton, T., 1998. An introduction to acoustic cavitation. In: Duck, F.A., et al. (Eds.), Ultrasound in Medicine. Institute of Physics, Bristol, pp. 199e223. Leighton, T.G., 1997. The Acoustic Bubble. Academic Press, United Kingdom. Leighton, T.G., et al., 1990. Primary Bjerknes forces. European Journal of Physics 11 (1), 47. Lida, K., Luo, H., 2006. Noninvasive low-frequency ultrasound energy causes vasodilation in humans. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48 (3), 532e537. Machet, L., Boucaud, A., 2002. Phonophoresis: efficiency, mechanisms and skin tolerance. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 243 (1e2), 1e15. Miller, D.L., 1987. A review of the ultrasonic bioeffects of microsonation, gas-body activation, and related cavitation-like phenomena. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 13 (8), 443e470. Miller, D.L., 2007. Overview of experimental studies of biological effects of medical ultrasound caused by gas body activation and inertial cavitation. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 93 (1e3), 314e330. Miller, D.L., Thomas, R.M., 1995. Thresholds for hemorrhages in mouse skin and intestine induced by lithotripter shock waves. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 21 (2), 249e257. Mitragotri, S., 1996. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery: mechanisms and applications. PhD Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mitragotri, S., 2005. Healing sound: the use of ultrasound in drug delivery and other therapeutic applications. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 4, 255e260. Mitragotri, S., Kost, J., 2004. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a review. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 56 (5), 589e601. Mitragotri, S., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 1995a. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery. Science 269 (5225), 850e853. Mitragotri, S., Edwards, D.A., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 1995b. A mechanistic study of ultrasonically-enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 84 (6), 697e706. Mitragotri, S., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 1996. Transdermal drug delivery using low-frequency sonophoresis. Pharmaceutical Research 13 (3), 411e420. Mitragotri, S., Farrell, J., Tang, H., Terahara, T., Kost, J., Langer, R., 2000a. Determination of threshold energy dose for ultrasound-induced transdermal drug transport. Journal of Controlled Release 63 (1e2), 41e52. Mitragotri, S., Ray, D., Farrell, J., Tang, H., Yu, B., Kost, J., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 2000b. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate on transdermal transport. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 89, 892e900. Mittal, P.K., 2010. Oscillations, Waves and Acoustics. I.K. International, India. Nagel, M., Nagel, J.H., 1999. Bioeffects and safety of low frequency ultrasound. In: Proceedings of the First Joint BMES/EMBS Conference 1999. NCRP, 1983. Biological Effects of Ultrasound. Mechanisms and Clinical Implications, Report No. 74. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Maryland, United States. Neppiras, E.A., September 1980. Acoustic cavitation thresholds and cyclic processes. Ultrasonics 18, 201e209. Nesser, H., Karia, D., Tkalec, W., Pandian, N., 2002. Therapeutic ultrasound in cardiology. Herz 27 (3), 269e278. Nyborg, W.L., 1978a. Physical Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Ultrasound. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Nyborg, W.L., 1978b. Physical principles of ultrasound, Chapt. I. In: Fry, F.J. (Ed.), Ultrasound, Its Application in Medicine and Biology. Elsevier, pp. 1e75. Nyborg, W.L., 2001. Biological effects of ultrasound: development of safety guidelines. Part II. General review. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 27 (3), 301e333. O’Brien, J.W.D., 2007. Ultrasound-biophysics mechanisms. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 93 (1e3), 212e255. O’Brien, W.D., Zachary, J.F., 1994. Comparison of mouse and rabbit lung damage exposure to 30 kHz ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 20 (3), 299e307. O’Brien, W.D., Zachary, J.F., 1996. Rabbit and pig lung damage comparison from exposure to continuous wave 30-kHz ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 22 (3), 345e353. O’Brien, W.D., Ellis, D.S., 1999. Evaluation of the unscanned soft-tissue thermal index. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 46 (6), 1459e1476. O’Daly, B.J., Morris, E., Gavin, G.P., O’Byrne, J.M., McGuinness, G.B., 2008. Highpower low-frequency ultrasound: a review of tissue dissection and ablation in medicine and surgery. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 200 (1e3), 38e58. Odegaard, S., Gilja, O.H., Gregersen, H., 2005. Basic and New Aspects of Gastrointestinal Ultrasonography. World Scientific, Singapore. Ogura, M., Paliwal, S., Mitragotri, S., 2008. Low-frequency sonophoresis: current status and future prospects. Drug Delivery Reviews 60 (10), 1218e1223. Oralkan, O., Ergun, A.S., Johnson, J.A., Karaman, M., 2002. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: next-generation arrays for acoustic imaging? IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 49 (11), 1596e1610. Pahade, A., Jadhav, V.M., Kadam, V.J., 2010. Sonophoresis: an overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 3 (2), 24e33. Parrack, H.O., 1966. Effect of air-borne ultrasound on humans. International Audiology 5, 294e308. Pereira, A.H.A., Tirapelli, C., Rodolpho, L.A., 2010. Ultrasonic dental scaler performance assessment with an innovative cavitometer. American Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (3), 290e300. Pettersson, H., Schulthess, G.K.V., Allison, D.J., Carty, H., Resnick, D., 1998. The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging. Taylor & Francis, United Kingdom. Plotino, G., Pameijer, C., Grande, N., Somma, F., 2007. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. Journal of Endodontics 33, 81e95. Polat, B.E., Figueroa, P.L., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 2011a. Transport pathways and enhancement mechanisms within localized and non-localized transport regions in skin treated with low-frequency sonophoresis and sodium lauryl sulfate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 100 (2), 512e529. Polat, B.E., Hart, D., Langer, R., Blankschtein, D., 2011b. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery: mechanisms, scope, and emerging trends. Journal of Controlled Release 152 (3), 330e348. Repacholi, M.H., 1981. Ultrasound: Characteristics and Biological Action. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Reynolds, J.E., 2005. Marine Mammal Research: Conservation Beyond Crisis. JHU Press, United States. Safari, A., Akdogan, E.K., 2008. Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications. Springer, United Kingdom. Scheuplein, R.J., 1967. Mechanism of percutaneous absorption II. Transient diffusion and the relative importance of various routes of skin penetration. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 81, 79e88. Schneider, F., Gerriets, F.T., 2006. Brain edema and intracerebral necrosis caused by transcranial low-frequency 20-kHz ultrasound: a safety study in rats. Stroke 37 (5), 1301e1306. Shoh, A., 1975. Industrial applications of ultrasound e a review. I. High-power ultrasound. IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics 22 (2), 60e71. Shung, K.K., 2008. Ultrasound and tissue interaction. In: Wnek, G.E., Bowlin, G.L. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering. Informa Healthcare, United Kingdom, pp. 2933e2941. Shung, K.K., Thieme, G.A., 1993. Ultrasonic Scattering by Biological Tissues. CRC Press, Unites States. Shupak, A., Arieli, R., 1999. The effect of low-frequency ultrasound on immersed pig lungs. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 25 (9), 1439e1443. Siegel, R.J., Luo, H., 2008. Ultrasound thrombolysis. Ultrasonics 48 (4), 312e320. Simonin, J.P., 1995. On the mechanisms of in vitro and in vivo phonophoresis. Journal of Controlled Release 33 (1), 125e141. Singer, A.J., Homan, C.S., Church, A.L., McClain, S.A., 1998. Low frequency sonophoresis:pathologic and thermal effects in dogs. Academic Emergency Medicine 5 (1), 35e40. Skillern, C.P., 1965. Human response to measured sound pressure levels from ultrasonic devices. Industrial Hygiene 26, 132e136. Smith, N.B., 2007. Perspectives on transdermal ultrasound mediated drug delivery. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2 (4), 585e594. Speed, C.A., 2001. Therapeutic ultrasound in soft tissue lesions. Rheumatology 40, 1331e1336. Spierings, E.L.H., Brevard, J.A., Katz, N.P., 2008. Two-minute skin anesthesia through ultrasound pretreatment and iontophoretic delivery of a topical anesthetic: a feasibility study. Pain Medicine 9 (1), 55e59. Tachibana, K., 1992. Transdermal delivery of insulin to alloxan-diabetic rabbits by ultrasound exposure. Pharmaceutical Research 9 (7), 952e954. Takahashi, H., 2005. Free radical development in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Journal of Nippon Medical School 72 (1), 4e12. Tang, H.,Wang, C.J., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 2002. An investigation of the role of cavitation in low-frequency ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug transport. Pharmaceutical Research 19 (8), 1160e1169. Testa, B., 2001. Pharmacokinetic Optimization in Drug Research: Biological, Physicochemical, andComputational Strategies. Helvetica ChimicaActa, Switzerland,162 pp. Tezel, A., Mitragotri, S., 2003. Interactions of inertial cavitation bubbles with stratum corneum lipid bilayers during low-frequency sonophoresis. Biophysical Journal 85 (6), 3502e3512. Tezel, A., Sens, A., Tuchscherer, J., Mitragotri, S., 2001. Frequency dependence of sonophoresis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18 (12), 1694e1700. Tezel, A., Sens, A., Mitragotri, S., 2002. Investigations of the role of cavitation in lowfrequency sonophoresis using acoustic spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 91 (2), 444e453. Topaz, M., Motiei, M., Assia, E., Meyerstein, D., Meyerstein, N., Gedanken, A., 2002. Acoustic cavitation in phacoemulsification: chemical effects, modes of action and cavitation index. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 28, 775e784. Trenter, S.C., Walmsley, A.D., 2003. Ultrasonic dental scaler: associated hazards. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 30 (2), 95e101. Ueda, H., Mutoh, M., Seki, T., Kobayashi, D., Morimoto, Y., 2009. Acoustic cavitation as an enhancing mechanism of low-frequency sonophoresis for transdermal drug delivery. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 32 (5), 916e920. Urick, R.J., 1983. Principles of Underwater Sound. McGraw-Hill, United States. Vajpayee, R.B., Sharma, N., Pandey, S.K., 2005. Phacoemulsification Surgery. Jaypee Brothers Publishers, India. Walmsley, A.D., 1988a. Applications of ultrasound in dentistry. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 14 (1), 7e14. Walmsley, A.D., 1988b. Potential hazards of the dental ultrasonic descaler. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 14 (1), 15e20. Walmsley, A.D., Laird, W.R.E., Williams, A.R., 1987. Intra-vascular thrombosis associated with dental ultrasound. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 16 (5), 256e259. Walmsley, A.D., Lairda, W.R.E., Lumleya, P.J., 1992. Ultrasound in dentistry. Part 2. Periodontology and endodontics. Journal of Dentistry 20 (1), 11e17. Wells, P.N.T., 1977. Ultrasonics in medicine and biology. Physics in Medicine and Biology 22 (4), 629e669. WHO, 1982. Ultrasound, Environmental Health Criteria 22. World Health Organization/ International Radiation Protection Association, Switzerland. Wolloch, L., Kost, J., 2010. The importance of microjet vs shock wave formation in sonophoresis. Journal of Controlled Release 148 (2), 204e211. Wu, J., Nyborg, W.L.M., 2006. Emerging Therapeutic Ultrasound. World Scientific, Singapore. Yamashita, N., Tachibana, K., Ogawa, K., Tsujita, N., 1997. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the skin surface after ultrasound exposure. The Anatomical Record 247, 455e461. Zagzebski, J.A., 1996. Essentials of Ultrasound Physics. Mosby, United States Skillern, C.P., 1965. Human response to measured sound pressure levels from ultrasonic devices. Industrial Hygiene 26, 132e136. Smith, N.B., 2007. Perspectives on transdermal ultrasound mediated drug delivery. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2 (4), 585e594. Speed, C.A., 2001. Therapeutic ultrasound in soft tissue lesions. Rheumatology 40, 1331e1336. Spierings, E.L.H., Brevard, J.A., Katz, N.P., 2008. Two-minute skin anesthesia through ultrasound pretreatment and iontophoretic delivery of a topical anesthetic: a feasibility study. Pain Medicine 9 (1), 55e59. Tachibana, K., 1992. Transdermal delivery of insulin to alloxan-diabetic rabbits by ultrasound exposure. Pharmaceutical Research 9 (7), 952e954. Takahashi, H., 2005. Free radical development in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Journal of Nippon Medical School 72 (1), 4e12. Tang, H.,Wang, C.J., Blankschtein, D., Langer, R., 2002. An investigation of the role of cavitation in low-frequency ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug transport. Pharmaceutical Research 19 (8), 1160e1169. Testa, B., 2001. Pharmacokinetic Optimization in Drug Research: Biological, Physicochemical, and Computational Strategies. Helvetica ChimicaActa, Switzerland,162 pp. Tezel, A., Mitragotri, S., 2003. Interactions of inertial cavitation bubbles with stratum corneum lipid bilayers during low-frequency sonophoresis. Biophysical Journal 85 (6), 3502e3512. Tezel, A., Sens, A., Tuchscherer, J., Mitragotri, S., 2001. Frequency dependence of sonophoresis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18 (12), 1694e1700. Tezel, A., Sens, A., Mitragotri, S., 2002. Investigations of the role of cavitation in lowfrequency sonophoresis using acoustic spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 91 (2), 444e453. Topaz, M., Motiei, M., Assia, E., Meyerstein, D., Meyerstein, N., Gedanken, A., 2002. Acoustic cavitation in phacoemulsification: chemical effects, modes of action and cavitation index. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 28, 775e784. Trenter, S.C., Walmsley, A.D., 2003. Ultrasonic dental scaler: associated hazards. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 30 (2), 95e101. Ueda, H., Mutoh, M., Seki, T., Kobayashi, D., Morimoto, Y., 2009. Acoustic cavitation as an enhancing mechanism of low-frequency sonophoresis for transdermal drug delivery. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 32 (5), 916e920. Urick, R.J., 1983. Principles of Underwater Sound. McGraw-Hill, United States. Vajpayee, R.B., Sharma, N., Pandey, S.K., 2005. Phacoemulsification Surgery. Jaypee Brothers Publishers, India. Walmsley, A.D., 1988a. Applications of ultrasound in dentistry. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 14 (1), 7e14. Walmsley, A.D., 1988b. Potential hazards of the dental ultrasonic descaler. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 14 (1), 15e20. Walmsley, A.D., Laird, W.R.E., Williams, A.R., 1987. Intra-vascular thrombosis associated with dental ultrasound. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 16 (5), 256e259. Walmsley, A.D., Lairda, W.R.E., Lumleya, P.J., 1992. Ultrasound in dentistry. Part 2. Periodontology and endodontics. Journal of Dentistry 20 (1), 11e17. Wells, P.N.T., 1977. Ultrasonics in medicine and biology. Physics in Medicine and Biology 22 (4), 629e669. WHO, 1982. Ultrasound, Environmental Health Criteria 22. World Health Organization/ International Radiation Protection Association, Switzerland. Wolloch, L., Kost, J., 2010. The importance of microjet vs shock wave formation in sonophoresis. Journal of Controlled Release 148 (2), 204e211. Wu, J., Nyborg, W.L.M., 2006. Emerging Therapeutic Ultrasound. World Scientific, Singapore. Yamashita, N., Tachibana, K., Ogawa, K., Tsujita, N., 1997. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the skin surface after ultrasound exposure. The Anatomical Record 247, 455e461. Zagzebski, J.A., 1996. Essentials of Ultrasound Physics. Mosby, United Visa
Posted on: Sat, 16 Nov 2013 21:30:07 +0000
Recently Viewed Topics
© 2015