Pratītyasamutpāda ☯ E(x) Pluribus Unum: Origination expressed two ways Pratītyasamutpāda: Dependent Origination en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_origination Pratītyasamutpāda is commonly translated as dependent origination or dependent arising. The term is used in the Buddhist teachings in two senses: 1. On a general level, it refers to one of the central concepts in the Buddhist tradition—that all things arise in dependence upon multiple causes and conditions. 2. On a specific level, the term is also used to refer to a specific application of this general principle—namely the twelve links of dependent origination. OVERVIEW en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_origination#Overview The general or universal definition of pratityasamutpada (or dependent origination or dependent arising or interdependent co-arising) is that everything arises in dependence upon multiple causes and conditions; nothing exists as a singular, independent entity.[b][c] A traditional example used in Buddhist texts is of three sticks standing upright and leaning against each other and supporting each other. If one stick is taken away, the other two will fall to the ground. Thich Nhat Hanh explains:[9] Pratitya samutpada is sometimes called the teaching of cause and effect, but that can be misleading, because we usually think of cause and effect as separate entities, with cause always preceding effect, and one cause leading to one effect. According to the teaching of Interdependent Co-Arising, cause and effect co-arise (samutpada) and everything is a result of multiple causes and conditions... In the sutras, this image is given: Three cut reeds can stand only by leaning on one another. If you take one away, the other two will fall. For a table to exist, we need wood, a carpenter, time, skillfulness, and many other causes. And each of these causes needs other causes to be. The wood needs the forest, the sunshine, the rain, and so on. The carpenter needs his parents, breakfast, fresh air, and so on. And each of those things, in turn, has to be brought about by other causes and conditions. If we continue to look in this way, well see that nothing has been left out. Everything in the cosmos has come together to bring us this table. Looking deeply at the sunshine, the leaves of the tree, and the clouds, we can see the table. The one can be seen in the all, and the all can be seen in the one. One cause is never enough to bring about an effect. A cause must, at the same time, be an effect, and every effect must also be the cause of something else. Cause and effect inter-are. The idea of first and only cause, something that does not itself need a cause, cannot be applied.[d] E(x) Pluribus Unum: From the Many One {i.e. ☯, Unity, Agreement, A Common Understanding, Peace, etc. etc. etc. } en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_pluribus_unum E(x) pluribus unum—Latin for Out of many, one[1][2] (alternatively translated as One out of many[3] or One from many[4])—is a phrase on the Seal of the United States, along with Annuit cœptis (Latin for He approves (has approved) of the undertaking) and Novus ordo seclorum, (Latin for New Order of the Ages) and adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782.[2] Never codified by law, E(x) pluribus unum was considered a de facto motto of the United States[citation needed] until 1956 when the United States Congress passed an act (H. J. Resolution 396), adopting In God We Trust as the official motto.[5] ORIGINS en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_pluribus_unum#Origins The motto was suggested in 1776 by Pierre Eugene du Simitiere to the committee responsible for developing the seal. At the time of the American Revolution, the exact phrase appeared prominently on the title page of every issue of a popular periodical, The Gentlemans Magazine,[6][7][8] which collected articles from many sources into one magazine. This in turn can be traced back to the London-based Huguenot Peter Anthony Motteux, who used the adage for his The Gentlemans Journal, or the Monthly Miscellany (1692-1694). The phrase is similar to a Latin translation of a variation of Heraclituss 10th fragment, The one is made up of all things, and all things issue from the one. A variant of the phrase was used in Moretum, a poem attributed to Virgil but with the actual author unknown. In the poem text, color est e pluribus unus describes the blending of colors into one. St Augustine used a variant of the phrase, ex pluribus unum, in his Confessions. While Annuit cœptis and Novus ordo seclorum appear on the reverse side of the great seal, E(x) pluribus unum appears on the obverse side of the seal (Designed by Charles Thomson), the image of which is used as the national emblem of the United States, and appears on official documents such as passports. It also appears on the seal of the President and in the seals of the Vice President of the United States, of the United States Congress, of the United States House of Representatives, of the United States Senate and on the seal of the United States Supreme Court. MEANING en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_pluribus_unum#Meaning Traditionally, the understood meaning of the phrase was that out of many states (or colonies) emerge a single nation. However, in recent years its meaning has come to suggest that out of many peoples, races, religions and ancestries has emerged a single people and nation—illustrating the concept of the melting pot.[9]
Posted on: Fri, 22 Nov 2013 22:57:54 +0000
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