Predestination and the significance of a birthday. Now I understand that most of us no longer celebrate our birthdays or have changed the way that we view the celebration of birthdays. It makes sense that as we walk the ancient paths, the significance of self becomes smaller and smaller. I personally dont like a big deal made over me for any reason, birthdays are no exception. This is not so much about the celebration as it is the significance of the day, Father chose us to take our first breath. My dad was born and died on his birthday, which is also known as New Years Day. I have always wondered why I was born on a day notorious for bloodshed and violence. This year, thanks to google :) I went back through history on my birthday and made a list of significant and/or historical events that have transpired on that date, and found more than I even knew of. I also find it interesting that my birthday has landed on easter twice and wont again in this lifetime. This year, it lands on a Sabbath, begins the last High Sabbath of the Feast of unleavened bread and First Fruits. Is it mere chance that this is our first year celebrating Pesach? April 19th in History: 65 – The freedman Milichus betrayed Pisos plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persian at Ar-Raqqah (northern Syria). 607 - Halleys comet comes within 0.0898 AUs of Earth 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich, London Elfheigh Canterbury of Greenwich was the first Arch bishop to die a violent death. Ælfheah furthered the cult of Dunstan and also encouraged learning. He was captured by Viking raiders in 1011 and killed by them the following year after refusing to allow himself to be ransomed. The account of Ælfheahs death appears in the E version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: ... the raiding-army became much stirred up against the bishop, because he did not want to offer them any money, and forbade that anything might be granted in return for him. Also they were very drunk, because there was wine brought from the south. Then they seized the bishop, led him to their hustings[b] on the Saturday in the octave of Easter, and then pelted him there with bones and the heads of cattle; and one of them struck him on the head with the butt of an axe, so that with the blow he sank down and his holy blood fell on the earth, and sent forth his holy soul to Gods kingdom. 1529 - 2nd Parliament of Spiers bans Lutheranism Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: The Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism; a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms. 1539 - Charles, protestant German monarch, signs Treaty of Frankrfurt The Treaty of Frankfurt (also spelled Treaty of Frankfort), also known as the Truce of Frankfurt, was a formal agreement of peace between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Protestants on 19 April 1539. The parties met at Frankfurt-on-the-Main, and the Lutherans were represented by Philip Melancthon. The treaty stated that the emperor would not take any violent actions against the Protestants, who had formed an alliance known as the Schmalkaldic League, for fifteen months starting 1 May; during this time both parties could try and resolve the differences in their confessions. As a result of this peace, the Schmalkaldic League lost the protection of France. 1552 - Mauritius of Saksen captures Karel 1587 - Sir Frances Drake sails into Cadiz Spain & sinks Spanish fleet Drakes 1587 expedition took place in the Bay of Cádiz, in April and May 1587. The English privateer, Francis Drake, led a military expedition against the Spanish naval forces assembling at Cádiz. Much of the Spanish fleet was destroyed, and substantial supplies were destroyed or captured. There followed a series of raiding parties against several forts along the Portuguese coast. A Spanish treasure ship, returning from the Indies, was also captured. The damage caused by the Englishdelayed Spanish plans to invade England by more than a year. This incident, known to the Spanish as Drakes raid on Cádiz 1587, is known to the English by Drakes phrase “Singeing the beard of the King of Spain”. 1591 - Chartres surrenders to king Henri IV in France Chartres was one of the principal towns of the Carnutes, and by the Romans was called Autricum, from the river Autura (Eure), and afterwards civitas Carnutum. The name Chartres derives from Carnutes. It was burned by the Normans in 858, and unsuccessfully besieged by them in 911. During the Middle Ages it was the chief town of Beauce, and gave its name to a countship which was held by the counts of Blois and Champagne and afterwards by the house of Châtillon, a member of which in 1286 sold it to the crown. It was raised to the rank of a duchy in 1528 by Francis I. After the time of Louis XIV the title of duke of Chartres was hereditary in the family of Orléans. In 1417 it fell into the hands of the English, from whom it was recovered in 1432. It became seat of a Duchy in 1528. During the Wars of Religion, it was attacked unsuccessfully by the Protestants in 1568, and was taken in 1591 by Henry IV, who was crowned there three years afterwards. 1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops. 1713 - Emperor Karel VI ends Pragmatic Sanctions The Pragmatic Sanction (Latin: Pragmatica Sanctio), was an edict issued by Charles VI on 19 April 1713, to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter. The Head of the House of Habsburg bore the title of Archduke of Austria and ruled the Archduchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Bohemia, Italian territories (Milan, Parma and Tuscany), and the Austrian Netherlands. This measure did not concern the dignity of the Holy Roman Emperor, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, which remained elective, although the Archduke of Austria had for centuries been the Holy Roman Emperor. 1775 - Minutemen Capt John Parker orders not to fire unless fired upon American Revolution begins - Lexington Common, shot heard round the world 1782 - John Adams secures Dutch Republics recognition of the United States as an independent government and house he purchased in The Hague, Netherlands became first American embassy. 1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory. 1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed. 1825 - The Treinta y Tres Orientales (English: thirty-three orientals or thirty-three easterners) was a militant revolutionary group led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja against the Empire of Brazil. Their actions culminated in the foundation of modern Uruguay. They became famous by the name of the Treinta y Tres Orientales when, in 1825, they began an insurrection for the independence of Oriental Province, a historical territory encompassing modern Uruguay and part of modern Brazilian Rio Grande do Sul State, from Brazilian control. April 15, 1825, Lavalleja and his men took ship from San Isidro, a Buenos Aires neighborhood on the banks of the Río de la Plata at the northwest outskirts of the city. They advanced carefully among the isles of the Paraná Delta, evading the vigil of the Brazilian flotilla. After nightfall they crossed the Río Uruguay in two boats and disembarked at Agraciada Beach in the dawn of April 19. There they planted what would become known as the Bandera de los Treinta y Tres Orientales (Flag of the Thirty-Three Easterners), a flag of blue, white, and red horizontal bars. These colors had been traditional since the times of Artigas, not only in Oriental Province but also in others of the Río de la Plata region. 1839 - The Treaty of London of 1839, also called the First Treaty of London, the Convention of 1839, the London Treaty of Separation or the Treaty of the XXIV articles, was a treaty signed on 19 April 1839 between the Concert of Europe, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Belgium. It was a direct follow-up to the 1831 Treaty of the XVIII Articles which the Netherlands had refused to sign, and the result of negotiations at the London Conference of 1838–1839. Under the treaty, the European powers recognized and guaranteed the independence and neutrality of Belgium and confirmed the independence of the German-speaking part of Luxembourg. Article VII required Belgium to remain perpetually neutral, and by implication committed the signatory powers to guard that neutrality in the event of invasion. 1853 - Netherlands Van Hall government forms 1861 - The Baltimore riot of 1861 (also called the Pratt Street Riot and the Pratt Street Massacre) was a conflict that took place on April 19, 1861, in Baltimore, Maryland between Confederate sympathizers and members of the Massachusetts militia en route to Washington for Federal service. It is regarded by historians as the first bloodshed of the American Civil War The Union blockade in the American Civil War was a naval tactic by the Northern government to prevent the Confederacy from trading. The blockade was proclaimed by President Abraham Lincoln in April 1861, and required the closure of 3,500 miles (5,600 km) of Atlantic and Gulf coastline, including 12 major ports, notably New Orleans and Mobile, Alabama. Many attempts to run the blockade were successful, but those ships fast enough to evade the U.S. Navy could only carry a small fraction of the supplies needed. These blockade runners were operated largely by the British, making use of neutral ports such as Havana, Cuba, Nassau, Bahamas and Bermuda. The U.S. commissioned 500 ships, which destroyed or captured about 1,500 blockade runners over the course of the war. On 19 April 1861, President Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Blockade Against Southern Ports: Whereas an insurrection against the Government of the United States has broken out in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the United States for the collection of the revenue cannot be effectually executed therein comformably to that provision of the Constitution which requires duties to be uniform throughout the United States: And whereas a combination of persons engaged in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pretended letters of marque to authorize the bearers thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and property of good citizens of the country lawfully engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters of the United States: And whereas an Executive Proclamation has been already issued, requiring the persons engaged in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, calling out a militia force for the purpose of repressing the same, and convening Congress in extraordinary session, to deliberate and determine thereon: Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, with a view to the same purposes before mentioned, and to the protection of the public peace, and the lives and property of quiet and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupations, until Congress shall have assembled and deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or until the same shall ceased, have further deemed it advisable to set on foot a blockade of the ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the United States, and of the law of Nations, in such case provided. For this purpose a competent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, therefore, with a view to violate such blockade, a vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave either of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who will endorse on her register the fact and date of such warning, and if the same vessel shall again attempt to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be captured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for such proceedings against her and her cargo as prize, as may be deemed advisable. And I hereby proclaim and declare that if any person, under the pretended authority of the said States, or under any other pretense, shall molest a vessel of the United States, or the persons or cargo on board of her, such person will be held amenable to the laws of the United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. 1863 - Principal Commanders: Brig. Gen. John Peck [US]; Lt. Gen. James Longstreet [CS] Forces Engaged: Divisions (45,000 total) Estimated Casualties: 152 total (1,160 for entire siege) Description: On April 19, a Union infantry force landed on Hills Point at the confluence of the forks of the Nansemond River. This amphibious force assaulted Fort Huger from the rear, quickly capturing its garrison, thus reopening the river to Union shipping. On April 24, Brig. Gen. Michael Corcorans Union division mounted a reconnaissance-in-force from Fort Dix against Maj. Gen. George E. Picketts extreme right flank. The Federals approached cautiously and were easily repulsed. On April 29, Gen. Robert E. Lee directed Longstreet to disengage from Suffolk and rejoin the Army of Northern Virginia at Fredericksburg. By May 4, the last of Longstreets command had crossed the Blackwater River en route to Richmond. 1874 - Barracks on Alcatraz Island destroyed in fire Native Americans kept well away from the island, calling it Evil Island and believing it to be cursed. The first Spaniard to document the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, who charted San Francisco Bay and named one of the three islands he identified as the La Isla de los Alcatraces, which translates as The Island of the Pelicans,from the archaic Spanish alcatraz (in English: pelican), a loan word from Arabic القطرس al-qaṭras, meaning Albatross. Over the years, the English version Alcatraz became popular and is now widely used. In August 1827, French Captain Auguste Bernard Duhaut-Cilly wrote ...running past Alcatrazes (Pelicans) Island...covered with a countless number of these birds. A gun fired over the feathered legions caused them to fly up in a great cloud and with a noise like a hurricane. The California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) is not known to nest on the island today. The Spanish put a few small buildings on the island, little else. 1896 - Herzls The Jewish State is published 1897 – Léo Taxil exposes his own fabrications concerning Freemasonry 1903 – The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Israel and the Western world. 1904 - The Great Toronto Fire The weather in Toronto on the evening of 19 April, 1904, was cold and blustery. The air temperature was below freezing (24° F) and snow flurries were occurring accompanied by strong winds from the northwest at 30mph. All was quiet in the heart of Torontos mercantile area. Few people were on the streets as almost all the buildings in the area had been closed since 6 p.m. At 8:04 p.m., a police constable patrolling his beat in the area saw flames shooting skyward from the elevator shaft of the Currie Building, 58 Wellington St. and immediately turned in an alarm. Before the resulting conflagration was extinguished, it would destroy approximately 100 buildings, causing a property loss of $10,350,000. 1906 - Belgian naval education ship Comte The Stain de Naeyer sets sail 1906 - SF Earthquake ends killing 452 1909 - Joan of Arc receives beatification Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne dArc, IPA: [ʒan daʁk]; ca. 1412 – 30 May 1431), nicknamed The Maid of Orléans (French: La Pucelle dOrléans), is considered a heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was born to a peasant family at Domrémy in north-east France. Joan said she received visions of the Archangel Michael, Saint Margaret and Saint Catherine instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence after the siege was lifted in only nine days. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VIIs coronation at Reims. On 23 May 1430, she was captured at Compiègne by the English-allied Burgundian faction, was later handed over to the English, and then put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges, was convicted on 30 May 1431 and burned at the stake when she was about 19 years old. 1910 - Halleys comet seen by naked eye 1st time this trip (Curacao) 1916 - Italians troops conquer Col di Lana at Merano The Col di Lana is a mountain of the Fanes Group in the Italian Dolomites, situated in Livinallongo del Col di Lana (German: Buchenstein), a municipality of the Province of Belluno, in the Italian region of Veneto. During World War I the mountain, alongside the neighbouring Monte Sief, was the scene of heavy fighting between Austria and Italy. It is now a memorial to the War in the Dolomites. During the years of 1915/16, Italian troops from 12 infantry and 14 Alpini companies repeatedly attempted to storm the peak, defended first by the German Alpenkorps and later by Austrian regiments. These attempts resulted in heavy losses; 278 Italians died due to avalanches alone. On the 8th of November 1915 the Italians, under the command of Lt. Col. Giuseppe Garibaldi II conquered the summit but then could only mount a weak defence with rag-tag units against a well orchestrated pincer manoeuvre: the top of the Col di Lana fell back to Austrian troops early the next day. A terrible winter then settle in, doing its fair share of killing. However this is not the only reason that the Italians dubbed it Col di Sangue, Blood Mountain. Like all sides in the First World War, the Italian Army sought to conquer the summit with relatively large forces, paying a high price in casualties. Lieutenant Caetani of the Italian engineers developed a plan for mining the peak, which was executed silently using hand-operating drilling machines and chisels. The Italians had used a similar method to attack Austrians holding one of Mount Tofanos summits, but while most of the Austrian garrison survived the resulting blast, many Italians were killed by falling boulders and afterdamp. At the start of 1916, the Austrians learned through an artillery observer on Pordoi Pass that the summit had been mined. The Austrians began a counter mine, and exploded this on 5 April 1916. The counter mine was, however, too far away from the Italian explosive tunnel. This was laid with five tonnes of blasting gelatin. On the night of 16/17 April 1916, the 5th Company of the 2nd Tyrolean Kaiserjäger regiment was relieved by the 6th Company, under Oberleutnant Anton von Tschurtschenthaler. The struggle reached its zenith on the night of 17/18 April 1916, when at around 23:30 the summit was blasted. The Austrians under Tschurtschenthaler then had to surrender the mountain; however they were able to maintain a position on Monte Sief, which is linked to Col di Lana by a ridge, which was cut in two by a following Austrian mine, thereby obstructing the Italian breakthrough in the area. Today a chapel stands on the summit as a memorial to the soldiers that fell in battle. The remains of a barracks and decaying gun and communications trenches have been left behind from the war. There is also a small war museum on the mountain. The route is from Pieve di Livinallongo (1,465 m) via the Rifugio Pian della Lasta (1,835 m); there is a road as far as the hut. 1921 - Funeral of last German Emperoress, Augusta Victoria 1923 - New Egyptian law allows suffrage for men, except soldiers 1928 - Japanese troops occupies Sjantung-schiereiland 1933 - FDR announces US will leave gold standard 1936 - Anti-Jewish riots break out in Palestine First day of the Great Uprising in Palestine. 1940 - Dutch prime minister De Geer declares state of siege 1941 - Bulgarian troops invade Macedonia 1942 – World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp. 1943 - SS-lt-gen Jurgen Stoop leads destruction of ghetto of Warsaw 1944 - Allied fleet attack Sabang Sumatra 1945 - US aircraft carrier Franklin heavy damaged in Japanese air raid US offensive against Shuri-barrier on Okinawa The diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Guatemala are established. 1947 - French ship explodes in Texas City harbor, kills about 522 1948 - Chiang Kai-shek elected president of Nationalist China Burma joins the United Nations 1950 – Argentina becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty. 1954 – The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan recognises Urdu and Bengali as the national languages of Pakistan 1959 - Uprising in La Paz Bolivia, fails 1960 – Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign 1964 - Rightist coup in Laos, Suvanna Phuma remains premier 1968 - Belgian construction workers strike 1971 - Charles Manson sentenced to life (Sharon Tate murder) Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, D.C. Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station 1972 - Bangladesh becomes a member of British Commonwealth Hungary revises constitution US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site 1973 – The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel. 1975 - India launches 1st satellite with help of USSR 1978 - Yitzhak Navron elected 5th president of Israel 1982 - USSR Salyut 7 space station put into orbit 1983 - France performs nuclear test 1984 - Nemesis, death star of dinosaurs 1st appears in print (Nature mag) 1985 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1985 – FBI siege on the compound of The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSAL) in Arkansas. U.S.S.R performs nuclear tests at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk 1987 - USSR performs underground nuclear test 1989 - Gun turret explodes on USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors 1990 - Contra guerrillas, leftist Sandinistas & incoming government agree to truce 1990 - Truce in Nicaraguas civil war 1993 - Branch Davidians in Waco Texas dies in fire after 51 day siege (accident, suicide, tear gas are disputed causes)Eighty-one people die Fire in psychiatric institute in South Korea, kills 40 South Dakota governor George Mickelson and seven others are killed when a state-owned aircraft crashed lands in Iowa. 1994 - Inkatha ends boycott of South African multi-racial election 1995 - Truck bomb at Federal Building in Oklahoma City, kills 168 & injures 500 1997 – The Red River Flood of 1997 overwhelms the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Fire breaks out and spreads in downtown Grand Forks, but high water levels hamper efforts to reach the fire, leading to the destruction of 11 buildings. 1999 - The German Bundestag returns to Berlin. the first German parliamentary body to meet there since the Reichstag was dissolved in 1933 2005 - Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave. 2011 - Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cubas central committee after 45 years of holding the title. Twenty-five years after her execution, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr. Joan of Arc was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France, along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis, St. Michael, St. Remi, St. Petronilla, St. Radegund and St. Thérèse of Lisieux. Joan of Arc has been a popular figure in cultural history since the time of her death, and many famous writers, filmmakers and composers have created works about her. Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc have continued in films, theatre, television, video games, music, and performances to this day. 2013 – Boston Marathon bombings suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is captured while hiding in a boat inside a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts. Dutch American Friendship Day - April 19 is Dutch-American Friendship Day, which remembers the day in 1782 when John Adams, later to become the second president of the United States, was received by the States General in The Hague and recognized as Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America. It was also the day that the house he had purchased at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 in The Hague was to become the first American Embassy in the world Patriots Day =- Patriots Day (officially Patriots Day in Massachusetts and Wisconsin and Patriots Day in Maine) is a civic holiday commemorating the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. These were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War. It is observed on the third Monday in April in Massachusetts and Maine (once part of Massachusetts), and is a public school observance day in Wisconsin. Florida law also encourages people to celebrate it, though it is not treated as a public holiday. Observances and re-enactments of these first battles of the American Revolution occur annually at Lexington Green in Lexington, Massachusetts, (around 6:00 am) and The Old North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, (around 9:00 am). In the morning, mounted re-enactors with state police escorts retrace the rides of Paul Revere and William Dawes, calling out warnings the whole way. Since 1969, the holiday has been observed on the third Monday in April, providing a three-day long weekend, as well as being the first day of public school vacation week in Maine and Massachusetts. Previously, it had been designated as April 19,the actual anniversary of the battles. Patriots Day is also a school holiday for many local colleges and universities, both public and private. In Maine and Massachusetts, when Patriots Day falls on a day where income tax returns would otherwise be due for the remainder of the country, residents of those states are given until midnight of the next day (Tuesday) to submit their state tax returns. Federal income tax returns are still due on the same date as the rest of the country. Primrose Day - Primrose Day is the anniversary of the death of British statesman and prime minister Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, on 19 April 1881. The primrose was his favourite flower and Queen Victoria would often send him bunches of them from Windsor and Osborne House. She sent a wreath of primroses to his funeral. National Health Day in Kiribati Easter Sunday - 1767, 1772, 1778, 1829, 1835, 1840, 1908, 1987, 1992, The Feast of Unleavened Bread Begins at Sundown! Days 1 (4/13) and 7 (4/19) are High Sabbaths at sundown! The Chametz (leavening agents in the physical, false doctrines in the spiritual) should be out of your house! Leviticus 23:6-8 Sat 19 Apr Feast of First Fruits 2014 First Fruits begins at Sundown! Leviticus 23:9-14
Posted on: Sat, 12 Apr 2014 00:12:44 +0000
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