Reinforcement is a central concept in Behaviorism, and was seen as a central mechanism in the shaping and control of behavior. A common misconception is that negative reinforcement is synonymous with punishment. This misconception is rather pervasive, and is commonly found in even scholarly accounts of Skinner and his contributions. To be clear, while positive reinforcement is the strengthening of behavior by the application of some event (e.g., praise after some behavior is performed), negative reinforcement is the strengthening of behavior by the removal or avoidance of some aversive event (e.g., opening and raising an umbrella over your head on a rainy day is reinforced by the cessation of rain falling on you). Both types of reinforcement strengthen behavior, or increase the probability of a behavior reoccurring; the difference is in whether the reinforcing event is something applied (positive reinforcement) or something removed or avoided (negative reinforcement). Punishment and extinction have the effect of weakening behavior, or decreasing the future probability of a behaviors occurrence, by the application of an aversive stimulus/event (positive punishment or punishment by contingent stimulation), removal of a desirable stimulus (negative punishment or punishment by contingent withdrawal), or the absence of a rewarding stimulus, which causes the behavior to stop (extinction). Skinner also sought to understand the application of his theory in the broadest behavioral context as it applies to living organisms, namely natural selection.[30] ---This has nothing to do with NATURAL SELECTION and certainly not Creationist versions of Intelligent Design now which are mathematically very probably though there are many healthy and all important versions of these ideas (lets keep them all and debate about it at the pub for fun LOL) and IS literally George Bush SR. time travelling parallel at times and trying to pass off his MK-ultra ideas as natural selection and psychology... ***NATURAL SELECTION IS 100% based on physics and sacred immutable natural laws that are in the trillions upon trillions and more in every solar system and goes far beyond the trite in comparison specialists of therapeutics and not manipulation and control (extremely bad karma to apply to others or to analyze others in this way ever!).... Immutable Living physics encompasses ALL things composes and creates and grows perfectly though through seemingly hap hazard circumstances at times happenings and events and occurances.... ---The Mk-ultra people use Skinner to program peoples auras to seek discomfort and pain as a pleasurable thing - IDIOTS this is immensely bad karma from your nation if you work for a service of the govenment and this officially let alone unofficially!!!! negative rewards...????? WTF - stupid!!! Did Skinner hypnotize Hitler, Freud, Freuds mother, Carl Jung (till Jung somehow got out of it and did very brave things), and more??? That face looks very familiar - is that Bushy or others maybe a body that more than one illegal unnatural time traveler would use look at the FACIAL FEATURES IS THAT A LOCAL GUY???? WTF...? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner
Posted on: Sat, 02 Aug 2014 14:06:00 +0000
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