STUDY GUIDE for 3rd QUARTER- rewrite questions and number them for their section. DNA: The Molecule of Heredity (Section 11.1) 1. What is DNA, where is it located and describe its structure? (pp.281-283) 2. What three parts does a nucleotide contain, draw an example? (p.282) 3. What are the four possible nitrogen bases in a nucleotide? (p.282) 4. Nitrogenous bases can be categorized into two groups, which are the two groups and how do there structures differ? (p.282) 5. How does DNA copy itself, what is the name of the process, what are the steps that occur? Describe and explain. (pp.284-287) From DNA to Protein (Section 11.2) 1. What are proteins and how are they used by your body? (p.288) 2. While comparing DNA and RNA, what are the three major differences? (pp. 288-284) 3. What is RNA’s purpose in a cell? (p. 289) 4. How many different types of RNA can you find? Describe each type and its major role in protein synthesis. (pp. 289-290). 5. What is transcription and why is it needed? (pp. 290-291) 6. What is translation and why is it needed? (pp.293-295) 7. What is the difference between transcription and translation? (pp. 290-295) 8. Where do you find a codon and an anticodon (hint: RNA)? What is there relationship? Why are they needed? What role do they play in protein synthesis? Genetic Changes (Section 11.3) 1. What is a mutation? (p.296) 2. How can a mutation benefit or harm a reproductive cell? (pp. 296-297) 3. How can a mutation harm a body cell? (pp. 297-298) 4. What is a point mutation? Give an example and explain how it is a point mutation (p. 298) 5. What is a frameshift mutation? Give an example and explain how it is a frameshift mutation (pp. 298-299) 6. What is a chromosomal mutation? When do they occur? (pp. 299-300) 7. In what type of organisms are chromosomal mutations more common? (p. 299) 8. Analyze figure 11.12 (p. 300). Name and explain the four different types of chromosomal mutation. 9. What is the difference between spontaneous mutations and environmental mutations? Explain (p. 300) 10. What is a mutagen? Give some examples of mutagens. (pp. 300-301) 11. What is the difference between a radiation and chemical mutagen? Give some example of the types of mutations caused by each. (pp. 300-301) 12. Why should genetic material be copied accurately? (p. 301) 13. What in our cells is responsible for repairing DNA? How? (p. 301) 14. How can we protect ourselves from exposure to mutatgens? (p. 301) Natural Selection Chapter 15.1 1. What is artificial selection? What observation did Darwin make while breeding pigeons? P. 395. 2. What is natural selection? P. 395 3. What does natural selection work upon over many generations? P. 395-396 4. What are structural adaptations? Give two examples. P. 397-398 5. What are physiological adaptations? Give two examples P. 399. 6. What is the indirect evidence of evolution? P. 399-403 7. Compare and contrast analogous and homologous structures. P. 400-401 Respiratory System (Section 37.1) 1. Identify the path that air takes in the respiratory system. 2. Describe the role of cilia in the respiratory system. 3. Explain the mechanics of gas exchange in the lungs. 4. Explain the role of the diaphragm in the mechanics of breathing. 5. Describe how blood chemistry is an example of a feedback mechanism that controls the rate of breathing. Circulatory System (Section 37.2) 1. What is the circulatory systems main purpose? (pp. 979-984) 2. What are the major components found in blood? Describe the functions of each component. (pp. 975-9-77) 3. What are the similarities and differences when comparing an artery and a vein? (pp. 979-980) 4. Describe how a one-way valve works? What components are needed for the system to work? (p. 980) 5. If a drop of blood leaves the Right Atrium and travels away from the heart, describe its path (step-by-step) away from and back to the heart. Draw a diagram. (p. 982) 6. Describe the four chambers of the heart and how they work. (pp. 980-981) 7. What are arterioles? What are capillaries? (p. 980) 8. What in our hearts controls our heart rate? How?(p. 983) 9. What in our brains controls our heart rate? How? (p.984) 10. Describe the relationship between the medulla oblongata and the pacemaker. (p.984) Interpret the graph: 11. If the cardiac output is 10L/min, what is the stroke volume? What is the heart rate? 12. If cardiac output is 30 L/min, what is the stroke volume? What is the heart rate? Section 36.1 (pp.942-950) 1. Describe a neuron and its main function in the human body? p.943 2. Describe a dendrite and its main function? p.943 3. Describe an axon and its main function? p. 943 4. Draw a diagram of a neuron and label its parts. p.943 5. What are the three types of neurons? p.943 Section 36.1, continued (pp.942-950) 6. Describe a sensory neuron and how it functions? p.943 7. Describe a motor neuron and how it functions? p.943 8. Describe an interneuron and how it functions? p.943 9. How do neurons communicate with each other? What is a synapse? p.946 10. What are neurotransmitters and how do they assist in communication between neurons? p.946 11. What is the central nervous system? p.946 12. What is the peripheral nervous system? p.947 13. What are the three main portions of the brain? p.947 14. Describe the cerebrum and its main function? p. 947 15. Describe the cerebellum and its main function? p.947 16. Describe the brain stem and its main function? p.947 17. Describe the medulla oblongata and its main function? p.947 18. What are the two main parts of the peripheral nervous system? p.948 Section 36.1, continued (pp.942-950) 19. Describe the somatic nervous system and its main function? p.948 20. Describe the autonomic nervous system and its main function? p.949 21. Describe the two main parts of the autonomic nervous system and how they function? p.949
Posted on: Tue, 11 Mar 2014 17:11:37 +0000
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