THE TERM GERMAIN iS A VIEW OF THE SPIRIT (the great historian that was julius caesar!) Belgian or riddle! The territory of Germany was settled by the Celts. before various Germanic peoples settled there during the first millennium BC. AD Germans and Celts or something else? Despite being considered Belgians, a type of Gaul, Julius Caesar said the Condrusi, Eburons, Caeraesi, Paemani and Segni were called by the collective name of Germani and placed there a few generations ago when they came to the other side of the Rhine. [14] [23] Eburones are among the so-called Germani cisrhenani Germans on this side of the Rhine ", namely the Germanic peoples who lived in the south and west of the Rhine and may be distinct from the Belgians. It is clear that the Belgian Gaul tribes were culturally influenced by both Gallic and Germanic neighbors, but the details, such as the languages they spoke, remains uncertain. Tacitus says that it is in this region that the very term Germani began to be used, even if Caesar mentions a tribe did not mention the Tungri. The name of Germany, on the other hand, they say, is modern and newly introduced, that the tribes which first crossed the Rhine and drove the Gauls, and are now called Tungrians, called then the Germans [Germani]. So, what was the name of a tribe, not a race, gradually prevailed, till all called themselves by this self-invented name of Germans, which the conquerors had first used to inspire terror. [24] This is often interpreted as meaning that the Tungri, a name later used to refer to all the tribes of this region, were descendants of many tribes, including Caesar said collectively called Germani. [8] The name perhaps an artificial name means "those sworn" or accomplices. [22] It is always about the possibility of these Germani not be "German" in terms of language and ancestry. A number of arguments have been put forward in favor of their having spoken a Celtic language. Jean Loicq considers that all Belgians were authentically Celtic. He explains that Caesar includes some Belgians under the name Germani cisrhenani by the following hypothesis: the term Germani, which seems more Celtic than Germanic, was originally to be the collective name of some border Celtic tribes of the Germans. This name is from the time of Caesar passed on to their northern neighbors-est21. As for the maintenance of [p] and [k] and the presence of the root * ap-, he explained as archaisms related to Alteuropäisch identified by Hans Krahe33. Other authors consider that the Celtic language was in Belgium as elsewhere, the language of the elite, nobility, religious leaders and traders sometimes imitated by the lower classes. Based on ancient sources, while they distinguish among the Belgians, Germans celtisés peoples whose leaders still would wear celtiques34 names. The Germanic tribes as mentioned by these authors are: Nerviens35, 36, the Aduatuques35 36.1, the Condruses35, 36.37, the Éburons36, 37, the Trévires36 the Suessions36 the Pémaniens36 the Caeroesi36 and Bataves36. Some researchers, such as Maurits Gysseling, Hans Kuhn Rolf Hachmann, attribute the maintenance of [p] and [k], the presence of the root * ap-"water", but the suffix-INIO-, st-, an Indo-European language disappeared. In this case, the Belgians were neither Celts nor the Germans. Only their aristocracy was celtisée36. This is the theory of "block northwest." Hans Kuhn, based on an analysis of the names in the region, suppose that the people of the "North-West group" is an Indo-European population that initially occupied the whole area between the Aisne and Weser, before undergoing the pressures of the Celts and Germans. Wolfgang Meid agreed with this theory, which in particular to explain the maintenance of the [p] in several Indo-European Low German words. Hans Kuhn did some comparisons (suffixes, ethnonyms, toponyms, anthroponyms) between the language and the Indo-European languages of southern Europe, especially with the Italic languages. Before their migration to the south, Italics should stay in Central Europe, in the vicinity of the Germans and Slavs, as shown by the wide common vocabulary for these groups. Some of them may have migrated to the northwest, while others headed towards the italienne38 peninsula, where the approximation has been done between the Umbrians and Ambrons the shores of the Sea Nord39 . Finally, Bernard Sergent out among the Belgians both Celts (Atrébates, Bellovaci, Morini, Remi Trévires) celtisés of Germans (Aduatuci, Condrusi, Nerviens) and people belonging to "block north-west" Kuhn ( Pémanes, Menapii, Sunuques). The writer who apparently introduced the name Germani in the corpus of classical literature is Julius Caesar. He uses Germani in two slightly different ways: First, Germania was a geographical area of land on the east bank of the Rhine from Gaul, and outside the Roman domination. This use of the word is the origin of the modern concept of Germanic languages, but it has not been strictly defined by the language. In other classics that sometimes included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine. In addition, at least in the south, there were Celtic peoples still living east of the Rhine and north of the Alps. Caesar, Tacitus and others have noted differences in culture that is on the east of the Rhine. But all these cultural notes were the theme that it was a wild and dangerous region, less civilized than Gaul, and requiring military vigilance in Rome and Gaul. Second, Caesar uses the term Germani, for a very specific tribal group in northern Belgic Gaul, west of the Rhine, most of which were Eburons, stating that he used the name of the local way . These are the so-called Germani Cisrhenani. [8] Tacitus says that this was the original way the word "Germani" was used - as the name of a unique tribal nation, ancestral to Tungri (who lived in the same area as the earlier reported by Germani Caesar), and not a whole race (Gentis). He also suggested that the two major tribes neighboring Belgium Germani of Caesar and the Nerviens Treviri liked to call Germanic in his time, so as not to be associated with indolence Gallic. [9] Caesar described this group of tribes as both Belgic Gauls and Germani. Gauls are associated with Celtic languages and the term Germani is associated with Germanic languages, but Caesar was not discussed in detail languages (but he said that the Belgian Gaul was different from the Celtic Gaul in the language) . It does not describe these tribes as recent immigrants, saying they were a few generations earlier defended from the invasion of the Cimbri and Teutons. (He distinguishes Aduatuci neighbor, he has not called Germani, but are descendants of those Cimbri and Teutons.) But he also noted that the Germani were considered to have a descent on the Rhine. [8] It has been claimed, for example, by Maurits Gysseling, the names of the region are showing signs of an early presence of the Germanic languages, already in the second century BC. [10] Celtic culture and language, however, was clearly influential, too, as seen in the tribal name of Eburons the names of their kings, Ambiorix and Cativolcus, and also the material culture of the region. [11] (In these early recordings exposed Germanic tribes, the names of tribal chief Cimbri and Sigambri and tribal names such as Tencteri Usipetes and are also apparently Gallic, even from the east of the Rhine.) The etymology of the word Germani is uncertain. The most likely that day proposed theory is that it comes from a Gallic compound * ger "near" + * mani "men", comparable to the Welsh ger "close" (prép.), Old Irish gair "neighbor", Irish boy-(prefix) Garach "close" "good neighbors." [12] [13] [14] [15] Another possibility is that the Celtic name meaning "noisy";. see Breton / Cornish garm "cry", Irish Gairm "call". [16] However, here the vowel does not match, or the length of the vowel (contrast Garmangabi inscriptional (United Kingdom) and Garma (Alise, G-257)). Others have proposed a Germanic etymology * GER -. Manni, "spear men", cf Ghere Middle Dutch, Old High German Ger, Old Norse Geirr. [17] However, as Ger (from CDPM * gaizaz) seems far too advanced for the first phonetically century, has a long vowel where a short is expected, and the Latin form a simplex - n - not a twin . The term Germani, therefore, probably applied to a small group of tribes in northeastern Gaul, which may or may not have spoken a Germanic language, and whose links with Germania are unclear. Apparently, the Germanic tribes did not have a single self-designation that included all Germanic people but excluded all non-Germanic people. Non-Germanic peoples (primarily Celtic Roman Greek, the citizens of the Roman Empire), on the other hand, were called * walhaz (Contd. Wales, Welsh, Cornwall, Walloons, Vlachs). However, the name of the Suevi - which meant a large group of tribes and was used by Caesar just indescriminantly to describe the Germanic tribes east of the Rhine - was possibly a Germanic word that was used to describe a broad classification of the Germanic speakers (* SWE-ba-"authentic"). [18] Nautae Tungri: thus arise the dedicants a votive altar found in Roman Vechten Netherlands. Ancient Fectio was located not far from Utrecht, on the Kromme Rijn, northern arm of the Rhine. How can it interest us?
Posted on: Tue, 30 Jul 2013 18:22:36 +0000
Trending Topics
Recently Viewed Topics
© 2015