The wisdom behind the Prophet’s marrying more than four wives Why did the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) marry a number of women? Praise be to Allah. Allah’s wisdom is great, and part of His wisdom is that He has permitted men, in previous divine laws and in the sharee‘ah of our Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), to marry more than one wife. Plural marriage was not something done only by our Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). Ya‘qoob (peace be upon him) had two wives. Sulaymaan ibn Dawood (peace be upon him) had one hundred less one wives; he went around to all of them in a single night, hoping that Allah would bless each one of them with a boy who would fight for the sake of Allah. This is not something that is limited to Islam and it is not contrary to reason or the natural inclinations of man; rather it is what wisdom dictates. Women are more numerous than men, according to what is indicated by ongoing statistics, and a man may have the strength that prompts him to marry more than one woman so as to fulfil his desires in permissible ways, instead of fulfilling them in haraam ways or suppressing them. A woman may fall ill or there may be reasons that prevent her from engaging in intercourse, such as menses and nifaas (post-partum bleeding); this prevents a man from fulfilling his desire with her, so he needs to have another wife with whom he can fulfil his desires instead of suppressing them or committing immoral actions. So plural marriage is permissible and is justifiable in terms of reason, natural human inclinations and laws. It is something that was done by the earlier Prophets and in some cases it may be dictated by necessity or need. So it should come as no surprise that this was done by our Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). And there are other reasons for his having several wives, which have been discussed by the scholars. These include the following: · Strengthening the ties between him and some tribes, in the hope that this would make Islam stronger and help to spread it, because ties of marriage increase the bonds of friendship, love and brotherhood. · Taking care of some widows and compensating them with something better than what they had lost, because this would bring peace of mind and consolation at times of calamity. It also set a precedent for the ummah of how to show kindness to those whose husbands were killed in jihad and so on. · Hoping to increase the numbers of offspring, which is in accordance with human inclinations, increasing the numbers of the ummah and supporting it with those who it is hoped will support and spread the religion. · Increasing the number of female teachers who would convey to the ummah what they had learned from the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and what they knew of his private life. The motive for him having more than one wife was not mere desire, because it is proven that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not marry any virgin or young woman apart from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her). The rest of his wives were previously married women. If he had been controlled by his desires and that is what had motivated him to have many wives, he would have chosen young virgins in order to fulfil his desires, especially after he migrated and began to engage in jihad, and the Islamic state was established and the Muslims grew stronger and more numerous, in addition to the fact that every family would have welcomed ties through marriage with him. But he did not do that; rather he married for noble and sublime reasons, which are clear to anyone who studies the circumstances of his marriage to each of his wives. Moreover, if he had been a man driven by desires, that would have been known from his life during the days when he was young and strong, at which time he had only one wife, Khadeejah bint Khuwaylid, who was older than him. (If he had been a man driven by desires), he would also have been known to show favouritism and be unfair in dividing his time among his wives, who varied in their ages and degree of beauty. But he is known only to have been completely chaste and honourable in his conduct, both in his youth and when he grew older, which is indicative of his complete decency and sublime character, and his upright nature in all his affairs. In fact he was well-known for that even among his enemies. And Allah is the source of strength. May Allah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions. End quote. Standing Committee for Academic Research and Issuing Fatwas Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Baaz, Shaykh ‘Abd ar-Razzaaq ‘Afeefi, Shaykh ‘Abdullah ibn Qa‘ood, Shaykh ‘Abdullah ibn Ghadyaan Fataawa al-Lajanah ad-Daa’imah, 19/171-173 127066: الحكمة من تزوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بأكثر من أربع نساء السؤال : لماذا تزوج الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مجموعة من النساء؟ الجواب: الحمد لله لله الحكمة البالغة، ومن حكمته: أنه سبحانه أباح للرجال في الشرائع السابقة وفي شريعة نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يجمع في عصمته أكثر من زوجة، فلم يكن تعدد الزوجات خاصا بنبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقد كان ليعقوب عليه الصلاة والسلام زوجتان، وجمع سليمان بن داود عليه الصلاة والسلام بين مائة امرأة إلا واحدة، وطاف عليهن في ليلة واحدة؛ رجاء أن يرزقه الله من كل واحدة منهن غلاما يقاتل في سبيل الله. وليس هذا بدعا في التشريع، ولا مخالفا للعقل، ولا لمقتضى الفطرة، بل هو مقتضى الحكمة، فإن النساء أكثر من الرجال حسب ما دل عليه الإحصاء المستمر، وإن الرجل قد يكون لديه من القوة ما يدعوه إلى أن يتزوج أكثر من واحدة لقضاء وطره في الحلال بدلا من قضائه في الحرام، أو كبت نفسه، وقد يعتري المرأة من الأمراض أو الموانع؛ كالحيض والنفاس، ما يحول بين الرجل وبين قضاء وطره معها، فيحتاج إلى أن يكون لديه زوجة أخرى يقضي معها وطره بدلا من الكبت، أو ارتكاب الفاحشة، وإذا كان تعدد الزوجات مباحا ومستساغا عقلا وفطرة وشرعا، وقد وجد العمل به في الأنبياء السابقين، وقد توجبه الضرورة، أو تستدعيه الحاجة أحيانا، فلا عجب أن يقع ذلك من نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. وهناك حكم أخرى لجمعه بين زوجات، ذكرها العلماء، منها: توثيق العلاقات بينه وبين بعض القبائل، وتقوية الروابط عسى أن يعود ذلك على الإسلام بالقوة، ويساعد على نشره؛ لما في المصاهرة من زيادة الألفة، وتأكيد أواصر المحبة والإخاء. ومنها: إيواء بعض الأرامل وتعويضهن خيرا مما فقدن، فإن في ذلك تطييبا للخواطر، وجبرا للمصائب، وشرع سنة للأمة في نهج سبيل الإحسان إلى من أصيب أزواجهن في الجهاد ونحوه. ومنها: رجاء زيادة النسل؛ مسايرة للفطرة، وتكثيرا لسواد الأمة، ودعما لها بمن يؤمل أن ينهض بها في نصر الدين ونشره. ومنها: تكثير المعلمات والموجهات للأمة مما تعلمنه من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وعلمنه من سيرته الداخلية. وليس الداعي إلى جمعه صلى الله عليه وسلم مجرد الشهوة؛ لما ثبت من أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يتزوج بكرا ولا صغيرة إلا عائشة رضي الله عنها وبقية نسائه ثيبات، ولو كانت شهوته تحكمه، والغريزة الجنسية هي التي تدفعه إلى كثرة الزواج وتصرفه- لتخير الأبكار الصغيرات، لإشباع غريزته، وخاصة بعد أن هاجر وفتحت الفتوح، وقامت دولة الإسلام، وقويت شوكة المسلمين، وكثر سوادهم، ومع رغبة كل أسرة في أن يصاهرها، وحبها أن يتزوج منها، ولكنه لم يفعل، إنما كان يتزوج لمناسبات كريمة، ودواع سامية، يعرفها من تتبع ظروف زواجه بكل واحدة من نسائه. وأيضا : لو كان شهوانيا لعرف ذلك في سيرته أيام شبابه وقوته يوم لم يكن عنده إلا زوجته الكريمة خديجة بنت خويلد وهي تكبره سنا، ولعرف عنه الانحراف والجور في قسمه بين نسائه وهن متفاوتات في السن والجمال، ولكنه لم يعرف عنه إلا كمال العفة والأمانة في عرضه وصيانته لنفسه، وحفظه لفرجه في شبابه وكبر سنه، مما يدل على كمال نزاهته، وسمو خلقه، واستقامته في جميع شؤونه، حتى عرف بذلك، واشتهر بين أعدائه. وبالله التوفيق، وصلى الله على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم انتهى . اللجنة الدائمة للبحوث العلمية والإفتاء الشيخ عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن باز ، الشيخ عبد الرزاق عفيفي ، الشيخ عبد الله بن قعود ، الشيخ عبد الله بن غديان. فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة (19/171-173) . الإسلام سؤال وجواب
Posted on: Sat, 06 Dec 2014 09:09:38 +0000
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