This man is my ancestor of my great-great-great-grandfather, from my mother, she would direct the blood of his great-great-great-granddaughter Ivan IV the Terrible - the first Russian tsar Childhood and youth of Ivan the Terrible The wedding of Ivan IV the Terrible The revolt against Glinskikh Selected Rada Reform of central and local authorities, by Ivan the Terrible Reforms in social and economic spheres as Ivan the Terrible Military transformation by Ivan the Terrible Joining Astrakhan and Kazan Khanate The development of Siberia Of Law in 1550 Stoglavy Cathedral 1551 The fate of reform 50s XVI century oprichnina The Livonian War Sons and wife of Ivan the Terrible The death of the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible The legacy of Ivan the Terrible sources used Childhood and adolescence Ivan the Terrible. Twenty years of marriage Moscow Grand Prince Vasily III with Solomon Aloetic was fruitless . Blame only Solomonia no good reason . Well-known opponent of Ivan the Terrible - a traitor Prince Andrew Kurbski wrote that his father was an enemy Vasily III was looking znaharok and sorcerers who would help him buy virility . In the end, the Grand Duke by Metropolitan Daniel and submissive part of the clergy managed to send his lawful wife in the convent against her will to marry the young and charming Lithuanian Princess Elena Glinsky . The wedding took place in 1526. Ivan IV, later nicknamed Ivan the Terrible , was born in 1530 when his father , Vasily III, was over fifty . He was a child very welcome , and his birth was expecting the whole country . However, contrary to expectations, it did not have children yet 3 years. Vasily III - father of Ivan the Terrible Vasily III - father of Ivan the Terrible This period brought the aging prince lot of trouble. And then, finally , Elena was pregnant . Some whacky Domitian told her that she would be the mother of Titus , broad mind , and August 25, 1530 in the seventh hour of the night is really a son named after Ivan. They write that at the very moment the earth and sky may shake unheard of thunderous blows. But it was seen as a good sign . All of the city sent a delegation to Moscow with congratulations . But the king after the birth of her son lived very long. He died in 1534, and power went to Elena Glinsky . In 1538, she died , poisoned , as is commonly believed , seditious nobles . Authorities seized the boyars, led by Shuiskys . Ivan brought the great and proud nobles for their children and for their trouble , trying to please him in any pleasure. Ivan grew up homeless , but watchful orphan in an atmosphere of court intrigues , fighting and violence permeates his childrens bedchamber at night. Childhood remains in memory as the time of Ivan the insults and humiliation, a specific picture of which 20 years he gave in his letters to Prince Kurbski . Were particularly hated John Shuiskys princes who took power after the death of Grand Duchess Elena . Fixes are princes Ivan Sheepskin - Telepnev - Obolensky , who enjoyed influence in Helen, his sister , mother of Ivan , Chelyadnina , Prince Ivan Belsky , mixed with the Department of Metropolitan Daniel , the enemy coup. The uncontrolled disposal of state property , it is extremely inconsiderate and insulting attitude to the small Grand Prince Ivan and Yuri characterize a two-year domination Shuiskis . Elena Glinskaya - the mother of Ivan the Terrible Elena Glinskaya - the mother of Ivan the Terrible in 1540 on the initiative of Metropolitan Ioasafa , were released prince Belsky , who takes the place of Prince Ivan Shumsky , the remote to the Province and the local Prince Vladimir Andreyevich Staritskiy with his mother. In 1542 - a new revolution in favor of Shuya , which killed Belsky , Department of Metropolitan paid Josaphat , replaced Makarios Archbishop of Novgorod . Chapter mug , Prince Andrew M. Shumsky , eliminates the possibility of influence on the part of Ivan did not belong to the circle of people in an extremely brutal forms ( violence Semyon Vorontsov palace in front of Ivan ) . In 1543 the king first showed his character, telling him to grab the lead from Shuiskis - Andrew. In 1543 13 -year-old Ivan rebelled against the boyars , gave at the mercy PSARA Prince Andrew Shumsky , and has since begun to fear the boyars Ivan . Power passed to Glinski - Michael and Yuri , uncles Ivan , eliminate rivals links and executions , and to bring its measures of the young Grand Duke , playing the cruel instincts , and even encouraging them to Ivan. Not knowing the family affection , suffering from fright to violence in the environment in everyday routine , Ivan and 5 years acted as a powerful monarch in the ceremonies and feasts of the court : the transformation of their own posture accompanied by an equally hated by converting environment - the first visual and unforgettable lessons of autocracy. Guiding thought they raised the literary tastes and readers impatience . In the palace , and the metropolitan library , Ivan did not read through the book , and the book proofread everything that could justify his power and majesty of innate dignity as opposed to personal powerlessness before the seizure of power by the boyars . He readily and abundantly given citations are not always accurate, which he dazzled his writings , his reputation as a well-read man of the XVI century and a rich memory. The wedding of Ivan IV the Terrible. On the seventeenth year of his life , Ivan Metropolitan Macarius announced that he wants to get married and he also gave a speech about how he wants to take the title of king. January 16, 1547 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin ceremony of the coronation of Prince Ivan IV. It was entrusted with the insignia of imperial dignity : the Tree of Life-Giving Cross , bartenders and Monomakh . After the communion of the Holy Mysteries Ivan was anointed the world . Royal title allowed to take a fundamentally different position in diplomatic relations with Western Europe. The grand title translated as prince or even the Grand Duke . The title is king or not translated , or translated as Emperor . Russian autocrat thus arose a par with Europes only emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. A February 3 were married Anastasia Romanova - Zakharyina . Union with a woman , if not softened at once exuberant character of the king , it has prepared its further transformation. For thirteen years of marriage, the queen exerted a moderating influence on Ivan bore him sons. But a number of large fires in Moscow in the spring - summer 1547 is interrupted so solemnly began the reign of Ivan IV. The revolt against Glinsky . Murder, intrigue and violence that surrounded him , have contributed to growth of suspicion , revenge and cruelty. Propensity to torture beings manifested in Ivan in his childhood , and approximate approve it. One of the strongest impressions of the king in his youth had been a great fire and the Moscow Uprising of 1547. The greatest devastation produced a fire June 21, 1547 , which lasted 10 hours. Burned the main area of Moscow, burned 25,000 houses, killing about three thousand people. In disasters accused those in power Glinskikh . According to the city broke the rumor that the king grandmother Anna Glinskaya , turning the birds flying around the city, vymala human hearts so put her in the water , that toyu water, ezdyachi in Moscow , but sprinkled the from what had been a fire . Metropolitan Macarius Metropolitan Macarius Another rumor warmed passion - a campaign against Russia Crimean Khan . The king with the court was forced to leave in the village near Moscow Vorobyov , Glinsky - Michael and Anna - to flee to Moscow monasteries . Open the uprising began on June 26. After collecting veche citizens moved to the Kremlin and demanded the release Glinsky , were destroyed their yards , killed by one of the Glinsky - Yuri. June 27-28, Moscow is essentially in the hands of the townspeople , who may have tried to create something even his management of the city ( N.E.Nosov ) . June 29 following the assassination of one of the Glinsky , a relative of the king , the rebels were in the village Vorobievo , where the Grand Duke had taken refuge , and demanded the release Glinskikh others . Vnide fear in my soul, and trembling in my bones and my spirit , - said later the king . Much effort it cost him to persuade the people to disperse. A number of presentations at the same time took place in several other cities - the cause of the poor harvest , higher taxes and the abuse of the administration. As soon as the danger was over , the king ordered the arrest of the main conspirators and their execution . Favored the idea of the king , realized already in his youth , was the idea of unlimited autocracy . However, speaking in 1547 did not violate the objective course of events in recent decades. They only underscored the need for further change . After a series of new beginnings abroad XV-XVI centuries and continue in their 30s and 40 s of the XVI century, the country was prepared for a more far-reaching reforms . Selected Rada . Plans for rebuilding Russia was carrying a small group of people around at the time of Ivan IV. One of them was the Metropolitan Macarius , educated man of the time, actively participated in the activities of the State 40 -50- ies. Another approach was the priest of the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the court Sylvester . Surrounded by Ivan IV was a humble and noble -born Alexei Fedorovich Adashev . By the beginning of 1549 the impact on the king Sylvester and Adasheva significantly increased, and the latter is , in fact, the head of the government, later named Andrew Kurbski chosen Rada . Sylvester childrens Scarecrow in the words of Ivan , pushed him to the path of repentance and attempts to purify themselves and the country from all evil with the help of new councilors who were picked up on the instructions and Sylvester were elected Rada , Protect me Boyar Duma in the current management and legislation . Its value is indisputable for the 50s , but not unlimited , as complicated and the debilitating effects of Zakharins and Metropolitan Macarius. In Proceedings of the remaining completely hidden that much preparatory work , which began from that time to 1550 enabled the implementation of a number of major public events and captured not only of Ivan and his staff, but also in non-governmental circles of society , causing it to discuss the main issues of domestic and the foreign policy of renewing the Moscow kingdom . Addressed and resolved contradictory questions about the meaning of the secular aristocracy , the big landowners , the clergy, monasteries, the landed class , autocracy , the Zemsky Sobor , etc. The personal involvement of Ivan the government reported the first performance on the path of reform some external drama and reversed his conviction in the era of boyar rule and early childhood king , which was estimated as the time of the state of disorganization and the peoples suffering . With the name of Alexei Adasheva connected to all subsequent reforms , as well as the successes of Russian foreign policy in the middle of the XVI century Apart from these, in the development and implementation of reforms was also attended The Duma Zakharins , D.I.Kurlyatev , I.V.Sheremetev , AI Kurbski . Reform of central and local authorities , under Ivan the Terrible. By February 1549 is the beginning of activities in Russia Zemsky Sobor - estate- representative bodies. Zemsky Sobor - wrote L.V.Cherepnin - a body which replaced vechu , who received the old Russian traditions of community involvement in the decision of government issues, but replacing the elements of democracy principles of representation . The first cathedral is usually considered a meeting convened by the king on February 27. First he spoke to the nobles , courtiers , butlers and treasurers in the presence of the church Holy Council , and on the same day he spoke to the governors , princes and noblemen. The next step was the direct elimination in the years 1551-1552 namestnichego control in some areas. A verdict in the King Years 1555-1556 about feeding namestniche is canceled nationwide. His place is taken by local management, has made a long and difficult road . Sylvester , Anastasia Zakharyin and Adashev Sylvester , Anastasia Zakharyin Adashev and Local Government did not constitute a uniform , and has taken different forms depending on the social composition of a given area . In the central counties where private ownership of land was developed , introduced labial management, and the nobles elected the labial chiefs. Together with the policeman also elected county clerks they led administration. This meant the end of the labial reform. The elected government began to appear in those counties where there was no private ownership . Here, from the wealthier sectors of the population chosen chernososhnogo active in rural elders . However, chernososhnye community and had their first elected government in the face of worldly chiefs , constables , pyatidesyatskih , desyatskih etc. These county administrators genetically traced to the representatives of the old hundredth community organization of Kievan Rus. They traditionally have supervised communal lands , distributing and collecting taxes , to allow minor legal cases solved other issues affecting the interests of the community as a whole. And earlier worldly authority composed of representatives of the most prosperous peasantry best and average people. By the way , the black township, even becoming privately owned land , maintained the secular structure of management. Zemsky reform along with chernososhnogo lands affected the city where too ( but of wealthy urban population ) were each active in rural elders . Labial and land warden unlike kormlenschikov - alien people - acting in the interest and for the benefit of its counties, cities and communities. In fairness it should be noted that all local reforms have been implemented only in the North. It is believed that the lip and land reforms are a step towards centralization. This, however , ignores the fact that the local authorities became elective, and therefore the field has developed self-government. Institutions of Self-Government of the XVI century represented a continuation of the democratic traditions of ancient Russia veche in the new conditions of formation of a single state. These traditions were effective and then - in the Time of Troubles . Chosen by the time Parliament is the increased importance of the orders as a functional government. It was in the middle of the XVI century. there are major orders. These include Chelobitenny in which complaints were made in the name of the king, and carried out an investigation on him. At the head of this , in fact the supreme body control was A. Adach . Ambassadorial Department headed clerk Ivan Viskovatov . Local Order was in charge of the affairs of landed gentry , and Rogue sought and judged valiant men. The first order of the War Department - Discharge - ensure the collection of noble militia and appointed governor, and the other - Strelets - was in charge in 1550 created an army archers . Bit order some time led the clerk I.G.Vyrodkov in which he became like a general staff of the Russian army . Financial affairs are the responsibility of the parish and the Big Quarters ( mosques ) . With the addition of Kazan and Astrakhan Khanate of Kazan created order of the palace. The final completion of the formation of the system have mandative at the XVII century . Reforms in social and economic spheres as Ivan the Terrible . Already in 1550 Sudebnik addressed significant issues of land ownership. In particular, take decisions and impede the continued existence of patrimonial lands . Occupy a special place articles on private- population. In general, the right to move the farmers on St. Georges day st. 88 was maintained , but increased slightly with the price for elderly . Art. 78 determines the position of the other large group of people - indentured slaves . It was forbidden , for example, turned into slaves serving people who have become debtors. Seal of Ivan the Terrible Seal of Ivan the Terrible However, major changes in the socio- economic sphere aimed at providing ground service people - the nobility. In 1551, at the Cathedral Stoglav Ivan IV declared the necessity of redistribution ( pereverstaniya ) of land between the landowners , who lishek , lack of foreign Flag this . By sufficient meant the service people . For ordering of land taken their general census . In the process of its implementation former homestead tax levy replaced the Land . At the main areas of taxation introduced a new unit - the big plow . Its size varied depending on the social status of the landowner : to plow chernososhnogo farmer had less land , but more taxes . Infringed upon the interests of the church , but found themselves in a privileged position landowners . Have determined the size of land holdings and the former life of the nobility. The Code of Service ( 1555 ) provides the legal basis of landed gentry . Each serviceman was entitled to claim the estate at least 100 quarters of land ( 150 acres , or about 170 ha) , because it is such a land area had to leave the service of the man on horseback and in full armor . Thus , with the first 100 quarters out landowner himself , but with the following - its armed slaves . According to the Legal Code ; estates in respect of services equalized with estates and votchinniki had to be on duty on the same grounds as the landlords . Changes in the position of serving people also closely connected with the cancellation of namestnichego management ( feeding ) . Instead of kormlenichego income that came mostly in the hands of governors and volosteley , introduced national tax feeding farmed out . This tax is paid into the state treasury , from which rang serving people as salaries - help . Money help given to those who brought more people than it should , or had possession of less than normal . But the one who brought fewer people paying the fine , and failure to appear could result in the confiscation of possessions and corporal punishment. Military transformation under Ivan the Terrible. The basis of the armed forces was now the horse militia landowners. The landlord or estate owners had to leave the service of horse , crowded and oruzhno . Besides them , there were service people on device ( a set of ) city guards , gunners , riflemen . Persisted and the militia of peasants and townspeople - a staff, Carried auxiliary service .
Posted on: Sat, 19 Oct 2013 14:08:42 +0000