Timeline of Mughal India: April 21, 1526: First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of Delhi, and founds Mughal Empire March 17, 1527: Battle of Khanwa, Babur conquers combined army of the Rajput princes and takes control of much of northern India Dec. 26, 1530: Babur dies, is succeeded by son Humayan July 11, 1543: Pashtun leader Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan, drives him into exile in Afghanistan 1554: Humayan travels to Persia, hosted by Safavid emperor July 23, 1555: Discord among Sher Shah Suris successors allows Humayun to retake control of northern India, be restored to Mughal throne Jan. 17, 1556: Humayan falls down stairs and dies, succeeded by 13-year-old son Akbar, later Akbar the Great Nov. 5, 1556: Second Battle of Panipat, child Emperor Akbars army defeats Hemus Hindu forces 1560s - 1570s: Akbar consolidates Mughal rule over much of northern and central India, as well as what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh Oct. 27, 1605: Akbar the Great dies, succeeded by his son Jahangir 1613: The British East India Company defeats Portuguese at Surat, Gujarat State and establishes first warehouse in India 1615: Britain sends first ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe, to Mughal court 1620s: Mughal art reaches high point under Jahangirs rule 1627: Emperor Jahangir dies, succeeded by son Shah Jahan 1632: Shah Jahan orders destruction of newly-built Hindu temples, breaking with Mughal record of religious tolerance 1632: Shah Jahan designs and begins building Taj Mahal as tomb for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal 1644: British East India Company builds Fort St. George in Madras (now Chennai), southeast coastal India 1658: Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, for the rest of his life in the Red Fort at Agra 1660s-1690s: Aurangzeb expands Mughal rule to more than 3.2 million square km, including Assam, the Deccan plateau, and parts of southern India 1671: Aurangzeb orders construction of the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore, now in Pakistan 1696: Establishment of British East India Companys Fort William on Ganges delta, fort and trading factory which becomes Calcutta (Kolkata) March 3, 1707: Death of Aurangzeb marks end of Mughal Golden Era, beginning of slow decline; he is succeeded by son Bahadur Shah I Feb. 27, 1712: Bahadur Shah I dies, succeeded by incompetent son Jahandar Shah Feb. 11, 1713: Jahandar Shah is executed by agents of nephew Farrukhsiyar, who takes Mughal throne 1713 - 1719: Weak-willed Emperor Farrukhsiyar falls under control of Syed brothers, two generals and king-makers who had helped depose Jahandar Shah Feb. 28, 1719: Syed brothers have Emperor Farrukhsiyar blinded and strangled; his cousin Rafi ud-Darjat becomes new Mughal emperor June 13, 1719: 19-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Darjat is murdered at Agra after just three months on throne; Syeds appoint brother Rafi ud-Daulah to succeed him Sept. 19, 1719: Syeds kill 23-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Daulah after three months on throne Sept. 27, 1719: Syed brothers place 17-year-old Muhammad Shah on Mughal throne, rule in his name until 1720 Oct. 9, 1720: Emperor Muhammad Shah orders Syed Hussain Ali Khan killed at Fatehpur Sikri Oct. 12, 1722: Emperor Muhammad Shah has Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha poisoned to death, takes power in his own right 1728 - 1763: Mughal-Maratha Wars; Marathas seize Gujarat and Malwa, raid Delhi Feb. 13, 1739: Nader Shah of Persia invades India, wins Battle of Karnal, loots Delhi, steals Mughal Peacock Throne March 11, 1748: Battle of Manipur, Mughal Army defeats Durrani invasion force from Afghanistan Apr. 26, 1748: Emperor Muhammad Shah dies, succeeded by 22-year-old son Ahmad Shah Bahadur May, 1754: Battle of Sikandarabad, Marathas defeat Mughal Imperial Army, kill 15,000 Mughal troops June 2, 1754: Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur deposed and blinded by Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk; former emperor spends rest of life in prison, dying in 1775 June 3, 1754: Imad-ul-Mulk appoints Alamgir II, the 55-year-old second son of Jahandar Shah, as the new Mughal Emperor 1756: British make lurid charges about imprisonment and death of 123 British and Anglo-Indian troops by Bengali captors in Black Hole of Calcutta; story likely fabricated Nov. 29, 1759: Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha ruler Sadshivrao Bhau conspire to murder Alamgir II, place Aurangzebs grandson Shah Jahan III on Mughal throne Oct. 10, 1760: Shah Jahan III deposed after less than a year, but survives until 1772; succeeded by Alamgir IIs son, Shah Alam II Oct. 1760 - 1806: Emperor Shah Alam II, in alliance with Durranis, works to restore glory of Mughal Empire Oct. 23, 1764: Battle of Buxar, British East India Company defeats combined army of Emperor Shah Alam II and the nawabs of Awadh and Bengal Nov. 19, 1806: Emperor Shah Alam II dies, marking end of effective leadership from Mughal Dynasty; he is succeeded by hapless son Akbar Shah II, who is puppet of the British Sept. 28, 1837: Akbar Shah II dies at age of 77, succeeded as puppet ruler by son Bahadur Shah II 1857: Use of pork and/or beef fat on army cartridges sets off Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Revolt 1858: British use Indian Revolt of 1857 as pretext to exile last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, to Rangoon, Burma; Mughal dynasty ends
Posted on: Wed, 02 Jul 2014 19:00:15 +0000
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