Treatise on the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence Written in the second Islamic century by al-Imam al-Shafi’I Radi AllahuAnhu (d. 204AH/820AD), the founder of one of the four Sunni schools of law. This important work gives the fundamental principles of Islamic jurisprudence and its influence continues to the present day. During the early years of the spread of Islam, the exponents of Islamic legal doctrine were faced with the problems raised by ruling and administering a diverse and rapidly growing empire. In Medina and Kufa, as well as other cities of early Muslim rule, schools of law had to be developed, but it took the genius of Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi’i, born in the year 150AH/767AD, to establish the principles by which the various legal doctrines could be synthesised into a coherent system. In the Risala, which laid down the basis for such a synthesis, al-Shafi’i established the overriding authority, next only to the Qur’an, of the Sunna or example of the Prophet Muhammad SALALAHU ALAIWA SALLAM (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) as transmitted in the traditions The Kitāb al-Umm (Arabic: كـتـاب الأم) is a book of Shafii Islamic law composed by the founder of the Shafii school, Imām ash-Shāfi‘ī Radi AllahuAnhu (767-820 CE). The term al-Umm means the exemplar. Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Idris al- Shafee Radi AllahuAnhu was a descended from the Hashimi family of the Quaraish tribe to which the Holy Prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) belonged. He was born in Gaza, Palestine, and was raised in Makkah, his parents home town. He memorized the holy Quran while he was still a young child. When he reached fifteen, his knowledge was so thorough, Muslim Ibn Khalid Al-Zinji, the Mufti of Makkah, told him: O Abu Abdullah, give fatawa (religious rulings), for by Allah it is time for you to do so!. Imam Al-Shafii, Arabic jurist (150 AH/767 AD - 204 AH/820 AD). He was active in juridical matters and his teaching eventually led to the school of fiqh named after him. He was a man of vast knowledge and authority. Scholars gave him the honorific title Father of Usul Al-Fiqh (The Patriarch of the Foundation of Islamic Jurisprudence) Imam Shafiee Radi AllahuAnhu died in the Year 204 A.H./ 820 C.E. and was laid to rest in Egypt The blessed Resting Place of al Imam Shafii Radi AllahuAnhu at Cairo,Egypt._ The Ayyubids, who inherited the Seljuq and Zengid legacy of endorsing Sunnism and abolishing all signs of heterodoxy, particularly the Ismaili doctrine of the Fatimids, used the institution of the madrasa to propagate and disseminate the Sunni law and teachings. Saladin founded a madrasa dedicated to the Shafii Radi AllahuAnhu rite near the tomb of the founder of the rite, Imam al-Shafii, who was buried in the Lesser Qarafa of the Southern Cemetery in 820. At his behest a cenotaph, a magnificent piece of Islamic woodwork built of teak imported from India, was placed over the grave of the Imam. It was carved by Ubayd al-Najjar ibn Maali in 1178-9. The mausoleum, with a wooden dome over the grave, was erected in 1211 by al-Malik al-Kamil, whose grave, along with his mothers, is also under this dome and a few steps away from the Imams. It is the first officially sponsored mausoleum to be built for a Sunni theologian after the extinguishing of the Ismaili Fatimids in 1171. It is also the largest detached mausoleum in Egypt. who eradicated all signs of Shiism in Egypt. In fact, this mausoleum is regarded as the symbol of the triumph of orthodoxy over heterodoxy. Restorations by Sultan Qaytbay included the addition of the marble dado, and the rebuilding of the dome, with its wooden muqarnas squinches. One of the window (or door) recesses is roofed by a ceiling comprising octagonal coffers dating from the construction of al-Kamil (1211) and believed to be the first of their kind in Egypt. The second rectangular, receding story of the exterior, behind which is the transitional zone of the dome, is adorned with keel-arched niches crowned with fluted shell-hoods. The post and panel parapet at the summit of the lower part of the exterior, also dating from 1211, displays interlaced geometrical patterns which are analogous to those employed above late Fatimid prayer niches. Each of the posts is adorned with one of two designs carved in stucco. The first is a Maghribi or Andalusian pattern consisting of Kufic on an arabesque background; the second is a floral arabesque pattern. The current dome, which dates from the restoration of Ali Bey al Kabir (1772), comprises two wooden shells covered with lead, a construction recalling that of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Also from the restoration of Ali Bey al Kabir are the painted inscriptions of the interior as well as the painted decoration of the walls, muqarnas squinches, and dome. To Abd al Rahman Katkhuda is attributed the polychrome pavement in the entrance vestibule
Posted on: Thu, 27 Mar 2014 23:43:52 +0000
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