the command of Umar ibn Saad, son of the founder of Kufa. Husayn and all of his men were killed while being thirsty. The nearby river ( Euphrates) was also blocked by Ubayd-Allah ibn Ziyad men and Husayn and his companions were not allowed to get any water from it. Before being killed, Husayn said if the religion of Mohammad was not going to live on except with me dead, let the swords tear me to pieces. [ 10 ][ unreliable source?]. Some of the bodies of the dead, including that of Husayn, were then mutilated. [ 2 ] Commemoration for Husayn ibn Ali began after the Battle of Karbala. After the massacre, the Umayyadarmy looted Husayns camp and set off with his women and children for the court of Ibn Ziyad. A moving oration delivered by Zaynab in Kufa is recorded in some sources. The prisoners were next sent to the court of Yazid, Umayyad caliph, in Damascus, where one of his Syrian followers asked for Husayns daughter, Sukayna, and once again it was Zaynab[ disambiguation needed]who came to the rescue and protected her honour. The family remained in Yazids prison for a time. The first assembly (majlis) of Commemoration of Husayn ibn Aliis said to have been held by Zaynab in prison. In Damascus, too, she is reported to have delivered a poignant oration. The prison sentence ended when Husayns 3 year old daughter, Janabe Rukaiyya, died in captivity. She often cried in prison to be allowed to see her father. She is believed to have died when she saw her fathers mutilated head. Her death caused an uproar in the city, and Yazid, fearful of a potential resulting revolution, freed the captives. [ 11 ] Zaynab bint Aliquoted as she passed the prostrate body of her brother, Husayn. O Muhammad! O Muhammad! May the angels of heaven bless you. Here is Husayn in the open, stained with blood and with limbs torn off. O Muhammad! Your daughters are prisoners, your progeny are killed, and the east wind blows dust over them. By God! She made every enemy and friend weep. Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, Volume XIX The Caliphate of Yazid. [ 12 ] Husayns grave became a pilgrimage site among Shia only a few years after his death. A tradition of pilgrimage to the Imam Husayn Shrineand the other Karbala martyrs quickly developed, which is known as Ziarat Ashura. [ 13 ]The Umayyadand Abbasid caliphstried to prevent construction of the shrines and discouraged pilgrimage to the sites. [ 14 ]The tomb and its annexes were destroyed by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkilin 850–851 and Shia pilgrimage was prohibited, but shrines in Karbalaand Najafwere built by the Buwayhidemir Adud al-Daulain 979-80. [ 15 ] Public rites of remembrance for Husayns martyrdom developed from the early pilgrimages[ citation needed]. Under the Buyid dynasty, Muizz ad-Dawlaofficiated at public commemoration of Ashura in Baghdad[ citation needed]. These commemorations were also encouraged in Egyptby the Fatimidcaliph al-Aziz[ citation needed]. From Seljuqtimes[ citation needed], Ashura rituals began to attract participants from a variety of backgrounds, including Sunnis[ citation needed]. With the recognition of Twelversas the official religion by the Safavids, Mourning of Muharramextended throughout the first ten days of Muharram. [ 13 ] Significance of Ashura for Shia Muslims[ edit] This day is of particular significance to Twelver ShiaMuslims and Alawites, who consider Husayn (the grandson of Muhamad) Ahl al-Baytthe third Imamto be the rightful successor of Muhammad. Shia devotees congregate outside the Sydney Opera House, Australia to commemorate Husayn. Shias make pilgrimages on Ashura, as they do forty days later on Arbaeen, to the Mashhad al-Husayn, the shrinein Karbala, Iraq that is traditionally held to be Husayns tomb. On this day Shia are in remembrance, and mourning attire is worn. They refrain from music, since Arabic culture generally considers music impolite during death rituals. It is a time for sorrow and respect of the persons passing, and it is also a time for self-reflection, wh en one commits oneself to the mourning of the Husayn completely. Weddings and parties are also never planned on this date by Shias. Shias also express mourning by crying and listening to poems about the tragedy and sermons on how Husayn and his family were martyred. This is intended to connect them with Husayns suffering and martyrdom, and the sacrifices he made to keep Islam alive. Husayns martyrdomis widely interpreted by Shia as a symbol of the struggle against injustice, tyranny, and oppression. [ 16 ]Shias next previous
Posted on: Sun, 03 Nov 2013 21:44:05 +0000
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