اسئلة د/احمد ذكرالله اقتصاد باللغه الانجليزيه ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Q1 - What is Economics? A - There are many definitions of Economics. The following are some of these definitions. 1- Economics is the study of the causes of material welfare or wealth. However, it may be possible to say that such a defini-tion is not satisfactory as there are As many sciences con-cerned with material weftare or wealth such as Civil Engineering or Physics. 2-ذ Economics is the study of the way in which man kind organizes ils self to tackle the basic problem of scarcity. This definition seems to be acceptable as there is no science other than Economics concerned with the problem of scarcity. Q2 - Explain the main Pillars of economics. A2 - The main pillars of economics are: 1- Scarcity which means that the resources available in a society or even all over the world are relatively scarce in inflation to human being wants. 2- Want which is a latent feel towards something to satisfy. Unfortunately it is true that human being wants are unlimited. Not only so but wants generally specking subjec-tive, also, In other words, want does not necessarily yield to religious or ethical standards as long as we are concerned with Positive Economics. Q3 - Analyze the pillars of Economic problem. A3 - The major pillars of Economic problem may be dis¬played as follows: 1- Scarcity as mentioned above. 2- Choice Due to the fact that the available resources are not only scarce in relation to our wants but almost every one of these limited resources has alternative uses. For example, a particular area of land can be used in producing cotton instead oi wheat or rice for instance. The same explanation can be applied to other resources such as water, natural gas wheat etc. So, we have to choose between these alternative uses according to our priorities. 3 Sacrifice: Again, because of the above - mentioned Facts i, e. limited resources with alternative uses we have to choose the most preferred wants to satisfy and postpone satisfaction on the other wants. In other words, our other less preferred wants have to sacrificed at least for the time being. Q4 – Explain briefly, the main aims of economics policy: The main aims of economics policy are: 1 - Efficiency which means maximization of the benefits of the words, efficiency implies the study of the way of making the best use of limited resources. 2- Steady Economic stability which means how to keep price relatively stable and maintain unemployment at minimum level. 3- economic equity which means that distribution system with regard to national income or national wealth, should be fair. Q5 – What do we mean by utility? a. 5- The word (utility) means usefulness. In the economics literature the word means the capacity of thing to satisfy one or more desires of human being either directly such as final consumption goods e. g. bread rice – etc or indirectly such as productive goods. E. g. raw materials, tools… etc. now, as long as we are concerned only with positive economics, the term utility yields only to subjective standards. Q6 – Explain the meaning of wealth. A - Wealth can be defined as the stock of both natural and economic resources available at a particular point of time. So, on the basis of the above mentioned definition wealth may be classified in to: 1- Natural wealth which includes all resources given by Allah (praise be to him) such as water, water wealth, sunshine, land seas, rever... etc. 2- Economic wealth which is attained through produc-tion process, such as machinery and equipment, clothes, food products
Posted on: Wed, 12 Nov 2014 16:15:21 +0000
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