وكالعادة في صباح كل يوم احد مع احد عباقرة الموسيقة الكلاسيكية في العالم Anton Bruckner wearing the Order of Franz Joseph (portrait by Josef Büche) Anton Bruckner (German: [ˈantɔn ˈbʀʊknɐ] ( listen); 4 September 1824 – 11 October 1896) was an Austrian composer known for his symphonies, masses, and motets. The first are considered emblematic of the final stage of Austro-German Romanticism because of their rich harmonic language, strongly polyphonic character, and considerable length.[1] Bruckners compositions helped to define contemporary musical radicalism, owing to their dissonances, unprepared modulations, and roving harmonies. Unlike other musical radicals, such as Richard Wagner or Hugo Wolf who fit the enfant terrible mould, Bruckner showed extreme humility before other musicians, Wagner in particular. This apparent dichotomy between Bruckner the man and Bruckner the composer hampers efforts to describe his life in a way that gives a straightforward context for his music. His works, the symphonies in particular, had detractors, most notably the influential Austrian critic Eduard Hanslick, and other supporters of Johannes Brahms (and detractors of Wagner), who pointed to their large size, use of repetition,[2] and Bruckners propensity to revise many of his works, often with the assistance of colleagues, and his apparent indecision about which versions he preferred. On the other hand, Bruckner was greatly admired by subsequent composers, including his friend Gustav Mahler, who described him as half simpleton, half God.[3] The birthhouse of Anton Bruckner in Ansfelden Anton Bruckner was born in Ansfelden (then a village, now a suburb of Linz) on 4 September 1824. The ancestors of Bruckners family were farmers and craftsmen; their history can be traced to as far back as the 16th century. They lived near a bridge south of Sindelburg, which led to their being called Pruckhner an der Pruckhen (bridgers on the bridge). Bruckners grandfather was appointed schoolmaster in Ansfelden in 1776; this position was inherited by Bruckners father, Anton Bruckner senior in 1823.[4] It was a poorly paid but well-respected position in the rural environment.[5][6] Music was a part of the school curriculum, and Bruckners father was his first music teacher.[5] Bruckner learned to play the organ early as a child. He entered school when he was six, proved to be a hard-working student, and was promoted to upper class early. While studying, Bruckner also helped his father in teaching the other children. After Bruckner received his confirmation in 1833, Bruckners father sent him to another school in Hörsching. The schoolmaster, Johann Baptist Weiß, was a music enthusiast and respected organist. Here, Bruckner completed his school education and learned to play the organ excellently. He also wrote his first composition, Vier Präludien in Es-Dur für Orgel for the organ. However, biographers do not regard the work as exceptional; in his youth, Bruckner was gifted, but not a genius. When his father became ill, Anton returned to Ansfelden to help him in his work. St Florians Priory, where Bruckner lived on many occasions during his life Bruckners father died in 1837, when Bruckner was 13 years old. The teachers position and house were given to a successor, and Bruckner was sent to the Augustinian monastery in Sankt Florian to become a choirboy.[5][7] In addition to choir practice, his education included violin and organ lessons. Bruckner was in awe of the monasterys great organ, which was built during the late baroque era and rebuilt in 1837, and he sometimes played it during church services. Later, the organ was to be called the Bruckner Organ. Despite his musical abilities, Bruckners mother sent her son to a teaching seminar in Linz in 1841. After completing the seminar with an excellent grade, he was sent as a teachers assistant to a school in Windhaag. The living standards and pay were horrible, and Bruckner was constantly humiliated by his superior, teacher Franz Fuchs. Despite the difficult situation, Bruckner never complained or rebelled; a belief of inferiority was to remain one of Bruckners main personal characteristics during his whole life. He would stay at Windhaag from age 17–19, teaching subjects that did not have to do with music. Prelate Michael Arneth noticed Bruckners bad situation in Windhaag and awarded him a teachers assistant position in the vicinity of the monastic town of Sankt Florian, sending him to Kronstorf an der Enns for two years. Here he would be able to have more of a part in musical activity. The time in Kronstorf was a much happier one for Bruckner. Compared to the few works he wrote in Windhaag, the Kronstorf compositions from 1843–1845 show a significantly improved artistic ability, and finally the beginnings of what could be called the Bruckner style.[8] Among the Kronstorf works is the vocal piece Asperges (WAB 4), which the young teachers assistant, out of line of his position, signed with Anton Bruckner m.p.ria. Comp[onist]. This has been interpreted as a lone early sign of Bruckners artistic ambitions. Otherwise, little is known of Bruckners life plans and intentions.[9]
Posted on: Sun, 07 Sep 2014 08:47:44 +0000
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