- Conversational implicature: additional conveyed meaning that has to be assumed to maintain the cooperative principle in a conversation. - Generalized coversational implicature: doesnt depend on special knowledge to calculate the meaning. - Particularized coversational implicature: depend on special knowledge to calculate the meaning. - Scalar implicature: has a word that expresses one value of the scale of value (implies the negative of the higher value) - Conventional implicature: associated with particular words and would result in additional conveyed meaning when the words are used. - Speech act: action performed via utterance. Ex: apology, complaint, offer, invitation - Speech event: a set of circumstances that determines a speech act. - Locutionary act: utterance that is meaningful and understandable to the hearer. - Illocutionary act: utterance with some kind of function in mind. (ex: statement, question, offer) - Perlocutionary act: utterance with intending it to have an effect. - Perlocutionary effect: effect that an utterance has on the hearer. - IFID (Illocutionary force indicating device): an indication in the speakers utterance of communicative force of that utterance. Ex: I (Vp)you that................. - Performative verb: verb that specifically names a speech act. - Felicity condition: condition that must be fulfilled for a speech act to be satisfactorily performed. Ex: I sentence you to six month in prison. (judge in the court: the speaker is a specific person in a specific context) - General condition: both speaker and listener have the ability to understand the language use. - Content condition: both speaker and listener have the ability to understand the content. - Preparatory condition: the power of the speaker to perform the act. - Sincerity condition: the true intention of the speaker to perform the speech act. - Essential condition: the intention of the speaker to carry such obligation after the act is spoken. - The performative hypothesis: a proposal that, underlying every utterance, there is a clause with a performative verb. - Explicit performative: Clean the mess up!! - Implicit performative: I order you that you have to clean the mess up.
Posted on: Mon, 03 Feb 2014 06:24:41 +0000
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