1770 was born, in Bonn, one of the biggest musicians of all times, the German composer Ludvig van Beethoven (died in Vienna 1827). Son of the tenor in orchestra of the prince elector, at first the learner of his father, who wanted to make from him an infant prodigy. A young Ludvig started to occupy with music yet with four years; ahead of the Cologne`s audience, he, as the pianist for the first time appeared in year 1778. Decisive was influence of the court organist C.G. Neefe, who had given to Beethoven Bach`s Wohltemperiertes Klavier (Well tunefuled piano). Neefe was Beethoven`s master of plying the piano, organs, generalbass and composing. In year 1787 came in Vienna to become Mozart`s learner. After short staying, because of mother`s sickness called him back. 1792 he finally moved to Vienna, and with exception of a few short travels, he did not leave it, no more. Next year, he became Haydn`s learner and at the same time studying the counterpoint at Johann Schenk, at George Alberchtsberg the fugue and at Antonio Salieri the Italian vocal compositions. In the beginning he had appeared in Vienna, above all as the pianist. For the first time, he publicly appeared in the year 1795. Yet 1796 started troubles with hearing, which were graduating in this way that till year 1820 became almost completely deaf. In year 1809, the archduke Rudolf, Lobkowitz and Kinsky assured him the existence with payment of yearly annuity. After 1819, Beethoven with his nears was understanding only with help of writing. Peculiar way of understanding, Beethoven did with help of writing in special notebooks (Konversationshefte), till his death accumulated around 400. About Beethoven`s inward life speak many of his letters, among which are, in any case, the most known letters, which Beethoven collected in so called Heilgenstadt testament (1802), in which Beethoven to unknown immortal love (probably it was Tereza Brunswick) described all his difficulties and sufferings. 1822 Beethoven for the last time appeared publicly as the conductor. Last years made difficulties cares for the nephew Karl. Goethe said about Beethoven that he have not seen more vigorous and sincere artist. As the individualist Beethoven is the first musician of the newer history, who liberated of all kinds of official obligation to the magnates in church. Beethoven had found, particularly at his favorite poets Homer and Goethe, ethical guidance of own life. At Beethoven we distinguish (by the Russian musicologist W. Lenz) three style periods: 1. (approximately till 1802) dependence on Haydn and Mozart; 2. (approximately till 1812) an individual development of taken shapes and artistic means; 3. more and more daring gradation into a subjective expressive world, partly with modern synthesis of variation forms and fugues. In Beethoven`s musical expression step out three groups: symphonies, piano`s sonata`s and string quartet. Works (selection): 9 symphonies (1800-1824), among them the third or Eroica (1804), (Beethoven`s symphonic summit; the artist wanted to dedicate it to the Napoleon - as well, may named it Bonaparte, yet Beethoven disappointed with Napoleon had taken it back); the fourth 1807 (by Schumann`s opinion is this symphony the most romantic of all Beethoven`s symphonies; in this feels closeness to Beethoven`s love, Tereza Brunswick); the fifth, 1808; the sixth or Pastorala (1808); the ninth, with chorus, 1824 (the last sentence, known as the Ode an die Freude (Ode to joy) (by Schiller`s verses) is as the hymn of EU at the same time also the hymn of liberty, feeling for community and peace); 11 overtures; the violin concerts; 5 piano concerts etc. He had, for his own the biggest artistic work the solo Missa solemnis, although his, the most famous work is solo-poem with piano accompaniment Adelaide, 1795-1796 (text Friedrich von Matthison). Beethoven was the first romantic pianist. He is known also by this that he destroyed more pianos than whichever pianist in Vienna. Beethoven and Goethe had met at Kalovy Vary. When, they walk through the town, the passersby incessantly stopping and greeting them. Unpleasantly is to be so famous, said Goethe, All, they greet me. Do not be upset, remarked Beethoven, perhaps they greet me.
Posted on: Fri, 14 Mar 2014 13:05:35 +0000
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