Amo ni Nga mga Fields Dapat ta pangitaon Luclie para ka Graduate ta next Year.. (Ga muludlat mata ko pagkita ko ni luz..) Epistemology, i.e. theories which provide models of the conditions, contin- gencies and limit of human perception in general and scientific perception in particular. • General social theories, often called ‘grand theories’, try to conceptualize the relations between social structure and social action and thus link micro- and macro-sociological phenomena.Within this level, one can distinguish between the more structuralist and the more individualist approaches.To put it very sim- ply , the former provide top-down explanations (structure>action), whereas the latter prefer bottom-up explanations (action>structure). Many modern theo- ries try to reconcile these positions and imply some kind of circularity between social action and social structure. • Middle-range theories focus either upon specific social phenomena (e.g. conflict, cognition, social networks) or on specific subsystems of society (e.g. economy , politics, religion). • Micro-sociological theories try to explain social interaction, for example the resolution of the double contingency problem (Parsons and Shils, 1951: 3–29) or the reconstruction of everyday procedures which members of a society use to create their own social order, which is the objective of ethnomethodology . • Socio-psychogical theories concentrate upon the social conditions of emo- tion and cognition and, compared to microsociology , prefer causal explanations to a hermeneutic understanding of meaning. • Discourse theories aim at the conceptualization of discourse as a social phe- nomenon and try to explain its genesis and its structure.
Posted on: Sun, 09 Mar 2014 10:00:48 +0000
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