Assalam Alaykum Wa Rehmatullahi Wa Barakatahu Lesson 1: Rulings Regarding Water Regarding water, Allah (SWT) says: وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً طَهُورًا and We send down from the sky pure water (25:48) Shaikhul Islam Muwaffaq-ud-Din Ibn Qudaamah Al Maqdisi Rahimahullah said: خلق الماء طهورا يطهر من الإحداث والنجاسات ولا تحصل الطهارة بمائع غيره “Water has been created as طهور (Ṭahūr - purifier) which purifies from االحداث (al-Aḥdāth - ritual impurity) and النجاسات (an-Najāsāt - filth). Purification cannot be achieved with any liquid other than the Ṭahūr.” The dalīl (proof) is the āyah from the Qur’ān: فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا “If you find no water, perform tayammum with clean earth”[ 4:43 ] It is clear from the words of Allāh تعالى that water is the only substance that may be used for purification, unless one is unable to find water, then one would resort to using clean earth to perform Tayammum (dry ablution). Allāh تعالى did not legislate for us to use other liquids, such as milk or fruit juices, for purification. If there were a liquid (other than water) which we were permitted to use, we would have been directed to it. Instead, we were guided to the use of clean earth, as the only alternative to water. According to the textual evidences, the water is classified into three types: Classification of water (أقسام الماء) 1. Purifier الطهور 2. Pure الطاهر 3. Filthy النجس Purifier الطهور This category covers all types of water that are upon their original state. This category is pure in itself, hence it may be used for all types of customary uses, such as cooking and drinking. It is also a purifier for others so it may also be used for ritual purification, such as Wuḍū’, Ghusl and removal of all types of Najāsāt (filth). Ṭahūr is the original state of water sent down by Allāh تعالى. The dalīl (proof) establishing this category of water is the clear āyah from the Qur’ān: وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً طَهُورًا and We send down from the sky pure water (25:48) The types of water that falls into this category are: 1. Rain The proof for this is from Quran, Allah تعالى says: وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً طَهُورًا and We send down from the sky pure water (25:48) وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُم مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِ and sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which to purify you thereby (8:11) 2. Sea Water: هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ It is a purifier and its dead are halal. (Ibn Hibban, Ibn Khuzaimah, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood and is graded as Saheeh) 3. Snow and Hail اللَّهُمَّ بَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ ، اللَّهُمَّ نَقِّنِي مِنْ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا يُنَقَّى الثَّوْبُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْسِلْنِي مِنْ خَطَايَايَ بِالثَّلْجِ وَالْمَاءِ وَالْبَرَدِ O Allah, distance me from my sins just as You have distanced The East from The West, O Allah, purify me of my sins as a white robe is purified of filth, O Allah, cleanse me of my sins with snow, water, and ice. (Saheeh Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim). 4. Water from wells دَعَا بِسَجْلٍ مِنْ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ ، فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ وَتَوَضَّأَ Ali bin Abi Talib (R.A) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (SAWS) requested for a bucket of zamam water to be brought to him, He drank from it, then performed wudu (with it). (Musnad Imam Ahmed) Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri (R.A) said that it was said: “O, Messenger of Allah! May we perform ablution with the water of Budha’ah well, which is a well where menstrual rags, dead dogs and rotting things are thrown? The Messenger of Allah (SAWS) replied: الْمَاءُ طَهُورٌ، لاَ يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيْءٌ “Indeed Water is pure and not defiled by anything.” (Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, An-Nasa’i, Ahmad) 5. Water that has changed due to it being in its place for a long period of time, or because of the place where it is located, or because of it being mixed with a substance such as algae or tree leaves, or something that in most cases cannot be completely removed from it. This type of water falls under the category of طهور according to the scholarly consensus. The principle in this matter is that everything that falls into the general category of water without any further qualifications or restrictions is considered pure. And may be used for making purification, for Allah تعالى says: فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا And if you find no water, then perform Tayammum with clean earth (5:6). Based upon the above-mentioned proofs, the great scholars of Islām derived a basic principle regarding Ṭahūr water. Imām Ibn Qudāmah تعالى هللا رحمه states this principle in al-Muqniʿ: وهو الباقي على أصل خلقته It’s upon its original state, it was created. (Al-Mubdiʿ Sharḥ al-Muqniʿ Volume # 1 Page # 21) Pure طاهر This is generally the water which has been either mixed by something which is not haram in itself or the water used by someone to perform wudu or ghusl. 1. Used water is pure in itself, according to the Hadith of Jabir (R.A) who said: The Messenger of Allah (SAWS) came to visit me when I was sick and unconscious. He performed ablution and poured the water he had used to perform ablution on me, and I regained consciousness. (Saheeh Bukhari). Also the hadith of Abu Juhaifah (R.A) who said, “The Messenger of Allah (SAWS) came out to us at midday on a hot day, and water for ablution was brought to him. After he had performed ablution, the used water was taken by the people and they started smearing their bodies with it. (Saheeh Bukhari). The used water purifies other things. The evidence for this is the hadith narrated by Ibn Aqeel, who reported on the authority of Ar-Rubayyi- the daughter of Muawwiz- that the prophet (SAWS) wiped his head with some leftover water that was in his hand. (Abu Dawood). 2. Water that is mixed with something pure. Things such as saffron, soap, dough or other pure things which are not usually mixed with water. This is a means of purification so long as it may still be called water. If it is no longer called water, then it is pure in and of itself but it cannot be used as a means to purify something else. Umm Atiyyah (R.A) said: “When Zainab bint Mohammad (R.A) died, the Messenger of Allah (SAWS) said to us: اغْسِلْنَهَا وِتْرًا ، ثَلاثًا أَوْ خَمْسًا ، وَاجْعَلْنَ فِي الْخَامِسَةِ كَافُورًا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنْ كَافُورٍ ، وَإِذَا غَسَلْتُنَّهَا فَأَعْلِمْنَنِي “Wash her an odd number of times, three or five, and on the fifth time put camphor or a little camphor (in the water). When you have washed her, let me know.” (Saheeh Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim). And Umm Hani (R.A) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (SAWS) performed Ghusl with Maimoonah from a single vessel, from a bowl in which there were traces of dough. (An-Nasai, Hasan) 3. Water mixed with small amount of impurities which do not change its taste, color or smell A small or large amount of water into which something impure has fallen, and its taste, color or smell has not changed is pure, and may be used for purification. The evidence for this: (i) The hadith of Abu Saeed Al-Khudri (R.A) which was quoted for “well water”. (ii) The hadith of Umar bin Khattab (R.A) who said: The Messenger of Allah (SAWS) said: “If the water reaches the amount of two Qullahs, it cannot harbor impurity. Ibn Majah narrated it saying “nothing can make it impurer (Najis). (Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, An-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, Ibn Khuzaimah, Al-Hakim, Ibn Hibban and others). Impure/Filthy النجس Water in which something impure is mixed A small or large amount of water into which something impure has fallen, and its taste, color or smell has changed as a result. This is impure (Najis) and it is not permissible to use it for purification. Ibn Al-Munzir said: The scholars are unanimously agreed that if something impure falls into a small or large amount of water, and the taste, color or smell of the water changes, it becomes impure so long as it is like that. (Al-Ijma (p.33, no. 1) It is also quoted by An-Nawawi in Al-Majmoo (1/110), Ibn Qudamah in Al-Mughni (1/53) and others). Audio on Youtube: youtu.be/O3ESW3kjA1c
Posted on: Tue, 30 Dec 2014 16:22:10 +0000
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