~*Chemistry*~ *Nomenclature of simple organic compounds* 1. Identify the longest carbon skeleton – when it has branched skeleton, it is important to select the longest skeleton. i.e. higher the number of Carbon atoms. 2. Select the suitable prefix for carbon skeleton. Number of carbon Prefix 1 Meth 2 Eth 3 Prop 4 But 5 Pent 6 Hex 7 Hept 8 Oct 9 Non 10 dec 3. Identify the functional groups – if the compound has functional groups attached, it should be identified them. 4. According to the order of priority select the category which the compound belonged. 5. Order of priority of functional groups: Functional group As a prefix As a suffix Example -COOH Oic acid - CH3COOH Methanoic acid -COOR Yl oate - CH3 – COOCH3 Methyl methanoate -COX Oyl halide - CH3-COCl Methanoyl chloride -CONH2 Amide Carbomyl • CH3CONH2 • CH3CH2CH (CONH2)COOH • Methanamide • 2 – carbomylbutanoic acid -CHO Al Formyl • CHCHO • CH3CH(CHO)COOH • Methanl • 2 – formylpropanoic acid -CN Nitrile Cyano • C6H5CH2CN • CH3CH(CN)COOH • Benzyl Nitrile • 2 – cyanopropanoic acid -COR One Oxo • CH3COCH3 • CH3CH (CO)COOH • Propanone • 2 – oxopropanoic acid -OH Ol hydroxyl • CH3OH • CH3CH(OH)COOH • Methanol • 2 – hydroxymethanoic acid -NH2 Amine Amino CH3NH2 CH3CH(NH2)OH Methyl amine 1 – aminoethan – 1 – ol -C=C Ene en CH2=CH2 Ethene -C≡ C- Yne Yn CH≡CH Ethyne -NO2 Nitro CH3NO2 Nitromethane -X halo CH3Br bromomethane 6. Then number the carbon skeleton 7. Functional groups should be arranged in English alphabetically order 8. Ex: CH3-CH(Br)CH2-CH(CH3)-CH (OH)CH2COOH Here, 7 carbon is the longest chain. Functional groups are, • Br – bromo • CH3 – methyl (for R groups Alkyl is the suffix used) • OH – Hydroxyl or Ol • COOH According to the order of priority, COOH is the first since this compound belongs to oic acid category. Then alphabetically order of other functional groups is: • Bromo - Br • Hydroxyl, - OH • methyl - CH3 then check the carbon number, numbering should be done as the least number is got by the highest functional group. In this example it should be come to COOH carbon atom. • OH is attached to 3rd carbon • Methyl is attached to 4th carbon • Br is attached to 6th carbon So the name is, 6 – bromo – 3 – hydroxyl – 4 – methylheptanoic acid
Posted on: Sun, 23 Jun 2013 19:02:51 +0000
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