Complete Historical Background of Tiwana’s Dynesty General Umar Hayat Khan Tawanas has described precisely in the start of his biography that we are a family of Chanddar Bansi who came from central India and stayed in Patyala. There were many villages of Tawanas in this state and they were still Sikhs.A part of this family move towords central Punjab and thay have the honour of embracing Islam at Pak Pattan.Then they reached Jhang crossing forests and leaving their relatives there who were called siyals. They settled in Doo-Abaa of the River Satluj and Jhelum 40. The forefather of the Tawanas was Raja Kiran Chanddar who belonged to Bansi Family. Among his children, the name of sixth forefathers was Raja Tawana who had outstanding personality, So after him the whole of the family was known as Tiwana.41 Tawanas are Rajputs and they migrated from outside to the Punjab. Their ancestors were holding Government affaires. The glory attained by Tawanas is surely not the result of their ancestors previous superiority; rather it is the outcome of their greatest achievements which they got generation after generation. In 1194, Shahab-ud-din Ghori attacked Roy Mealu’s father Raja Nain Pal. Nain Pal Surrendered before Shahab-ud-din Ghori. So Shahab-ud-din Ghori oppointed his commander Qutab-ud-Din Abic, his successor. In 1195, after the death of Nain Pal, Roy Mealu became the ruler of the areas of Beccaner and Ajmir 42. After Qutab-ud-Din, Aaram Shah became the ruler.of Dehli Sultanat. During his reign, the situation of law and order was not satisfactory. In Bangal,centeral India and Rajputan some local landlords became independent. During the region of Sultan Shams-ud-Din Iltatmish the disputes of “Khiraj began. Some of the Rajas have become independent. Roy Mealu was also involved in this disputes.Royal Army attacked and special arrangements were made to crush the rebels. These conspiracies and encounters forced Roy Mealu to leave the country. Their palaces and forts were destroyed 43. After leaving his homeland, Roy Mealu slowly reached Multan, There Sobaydar treated him well. There, the passion for embracing Islam arose in his heart. Then Sobaydar sent him to Khawaja Farid-ud-Din in Ajhodan.Hazart Sahib kept Roy Mealu for a short period with him after he had embraced Islam. The Sardars of castes like Siyal, Kharal, Shaloli, kundi, Kulyar, Munj,Dhori, Dhadi and Chuddhar were with him. They all embraced Islam. Hazrat Khawaja wrote to the ruler of Multan to arranged for there residence and finances. 44 Siyal and Kharal were settled in the forests of Jhang and it was renowned as Jhang Siyal. Roy Mealu reached Derya Khan. There he occupied the part of Thal that was forest. Roy established a Town two miles away to the East and named it Thatha Tawana as the name of his son was Thatha Tawana.45 When Roy Mealu reached Thatha Tawana he handed over all administrative matters to his son Teeto and he resorted to salitude. In Darya Khan spiritual relationship of Roy established with a pions man of Chisti family. Hazrat Sahib prayed for the progress of Tawana leaders and persuaded them to occupy non-papulated areas and arrange for their residence. So, Teeto formed a swarm and brought under control Wagha, Chahana,Bhuta, Shaikh, Bali, Ghallu, Mahuta, Angra, Jora, Khichi, Moya and Awan nations.Tawanas arranged for residence of the people whom they attacked. In this way Roy Mealu and his sons got a chance of arrangement of government in unknown land and that was not less than like the government of Rajas. Roy Mealu died in 1259 and he was buried near the tomb of Sultan Haji in Darya Khan.Roy Mealu had perfect command in all Hindu branches of learning as well as Urdu and Persion. He learnt Urdu and Persion after embracing Islam. In arrangement of his land he also became famous due to qualities like intelligence, wisdom, justice and kindness with him subjects.46 After the death of Roy Mealu, Teeto became the leader of the nation. He was also responsible for all arrangements during the lifetime of his father. His period was full of satisfaction. He was also buried beside the grave of his father in Darya Khan. Teeto had two sons Roy mul and Morakh47.Two brothers remained united for a little period. Then Morakh adopted such conduct which gave birth to fight between two brothers. Morakh was defeated and he escaped towards North.Roy Mul stayed in ThathaTawana. After the death of Roy Mul, his son Roy Udder succeeded himself as king. He was very strict by temperament. The people got tired of him soon and his complaints made their way to ruler of Multan. In this way, formally, the area of Tawanas remained under the control of the ruler of Multan.Meanwhile, Baloach tribes began to advance to the North. They settled on the bank of the river and took control of the people which were already leaving there. So regular fight started between Blochs and Tawanas Baloachs occupied Munkeera, Hydrabad, Ludhiana, Layyah, Kot Sultan, Kot Addu and Mehmood Kot .When ruler of Multan came to known about their fights, he fixed boundries of land of both disputed parties. So Janddan Wala and Munkeera were fixed as border points. The Northran area of Thal was ruled by Roy Udder and the Baloch occupied the Southern part 48. Tawanas of district Shah Pur are the children of that Roy Udder. He had three sons whose names were Sadhari Khan, Bukhari Khan and Shehzada Khan. Sir Khizar Hayat Tawana belonged to family of Shehzada Khan. Shehzada Khans kindness and righteousness put an end the dissatisfaction existing due to opperssion and tyranny of Udder Khan.After Shehzada Khan, his son Aaluh Khan became the leader. After his death, his son Hussain Khan took charge as a leader. In district Shah Pur, populateed area of Okhli Mohla was established by Hussain Khans son Aali Khan Tawana. He left centre of Thatha Tawana and settled in Okhli Mohla. It was already a populated area, but it got popularity during the reign of Mir Aali. Mir Aali strengthened his army in new centre. He established better links with the ruler of Multan. The source of income of Tawanas were lands and they kept there plentiful cattle in this regard.Mir Aali Khan established small populated areas in his kingdom and different people settled there with their cattle. Mir Aali Khan was a unique leader for his morality and manners among Tawanas. He was ahead of all in knowledge, learning and wisdom. He was a kind and brave leader. He gave much importance to all the companions and friends of his father. None was equal to him in generosity and good manners. Before embracing Islam, Tawanas were considered expert in Sword-fighting, Tent-pegging and horse-riding. Leaders had to engage in wars during that period. So, all of them have been given necessary training in warfares. Mir Aali Khan specially arranged such training for his people. Since then, Tawanas got popularity and distinction in horse riding and Tent-pegging. Each and every person was impressed to see their beautifully decorated dress and turban. When they rode on horses and came out they looked prominent among all this glory continued till the British Raj. Tiwanas who were inhabited in Khushab and Sargodha were Fedual lords of the Punjab and enjoyed envious position in politics before the birth of Pakistan and post Pakistan politics. This family rewarded with name, fame and lands due to their loyalty and bravery for the British Lords.”49 Tiwana family got individuality in the Punjab and they were honorary people as compared with the other families and tribes in Punjab.50 Tiwanas has many subjects as Mittah Tiwana, Hamoka Tiwana, the Tiwana of Khaja Abad and Tiwana of Jahan Abad. All these Tiwanas are mentionable people .But the Tiwanas of Shah Pur are distinctive and Malik Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana is the named found person of this subcost.. After the demise of Mier Ali Khan his son Meir Ahmed khan quitted the Shah pur (Okhle Mohla) in searching of sweet water which he got seven miles away from (Okhle Mohla) and settled there. He named this place as Mittha Pani. (Sweet water) 51. Meir Ahmad Khan Tiwana attacked Awan tribe constently and accupied a larger part of that area. He died at Mittha Pani and burried their.52 Malik Allah Dad Tiwana famously known as Dadu Khan Tiwana and Malik Sheir Khan Tiwana who was predecessor of Ahmed Khan Tiwana got the control of this area. They administrate it with their realistic wisdom and realistic approach which resulted prosperity and progress of that village. Awan from Jehlam, “None” form the upper Punjab settled their and Sheir Ahmad Khan Tiwana designated himself as Malik.53 Malik Sheir Khan Tiwana and his brother Alam Sheir Khan Tiwana widen their country boundaries jointly by snatching “Wartha” and more valleys from Awans. Malik Shier Khan Tiwana founded Nor pur Tiwana in 1745.54 Malik Sheir Khan Tiwana died in 1767 and buried in Mitha Tiwana.55 Although Malik Sheir Khan Tiwana gave his legacy in his life to both his sons Malik Khan Muhammad Tiwana and Malik Khan Baig Tiwana. The legacy of Nor pur Tiwana was given to Malik Khan Muhammad Tiwana.Mittha Tiwana was given to Khan Baig Tiwana. Both the brothers were not only fought among themselves but also with the neighbors nations to get the control of the country. At last, Malik Khan Muhammad Tiwana requested Ranjeet Singh for help in 1803.56 As a result Malik Khan Muhammad Tiwana succeeded to defeate his brothers and also his enemies has not only lose his freedom but also lost his legacy. Know the deferences were created between Tiwanas and Ranjeet Singh. Tiwanas were evicted from their lands.They also did not let the Sikhs live in peace. Malik Khan Muhammad Tiwanas sons, Malik Yar Muhammad Khan Tiwana revaluated against his father in his life. In this way he became the head of the area with the help of his tribe. But he fled away to Monkera when the Sikh army attacked in 1817. He had to accept the role of Ranjeet Singh because of the conspiracy of Monkeras Nawab, Hafiz Ahmad Khan and due to odd circumstances.57 In 1821 Ranjeet Singh attacked Monkera with army. In this battle Tiwanas helped Ranjeet Singh fully. Jagir of ten thousand were given in this favour and one hundred camels loaded with salt were also given to Malik Khan Muhammad Tiwana as a reward. He died in 1825 at Chachar and buried their.58 Links with the Sikh court were renewed then, but in spite of this the area which was of Tiwanas, know it was under the control of Ranjeet Singh.59 In 1849 at the annexation Punjab there were many Jagirs and stipends were in the dynasty of Tiwana. In 1837, after the death of Malik Khuda yar Tiwana his legacy were distributed among his sons, Malik fateh Khan Tiwana and his nephew Malik Qadir Buksh Tiwana.60 Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana rendered valuable services to the British during the Multan rebellion. He was sent to Bannu to relieve Lieutenant Taylor from rebellion. He fought bravely against the Sikhs and was shot dead. His son Fateh Sher Khan Tiwana served under Major Edwards at Multan during the mutiny. Sher Muhammad Khan Tiwana was asked to restore order in his native territory. How he executed his commission, the following quotation from the gazetteer will explain. Sher Muhammad Khan drove out the Sikh garrisons, and made himself master in rapid succession of the principal towns and strongholds in this part of the country beginning with the Mittha Tiwana and ending with Sahiwal (District Sargodha). Malik sahib Khan, the uncle of Sher Muhammad Khan too served with Major Edwards irregulars and was afterwards employed with Sardar Langer Khan of Sahiwal in putting to flight the forces headed by the rebel Bhai Maharaj Singh and in reducing Chniot. In short, this family has always shown itself actively loyal in seasons of disturbance.61 During this disturbance, the battle of Chachran, near Jhawarian (District Sargodha) is worth mentioning from our history point of view. The defeated elements of the Sikh army gathered at Jhawarian. Malik Sahib Khan atonce advanced towards that place. Although he was accompanied with a smaller force, he along with his brother Jahan Khan defeted the Sikhs.62 In the battles of Chaillianwala and Gujrat also, Sahib khan served with distinction and killed a Sikh commander Ram Singh with his own hands.63 The Tiwana Maliks were well rewarded.Soon after the annexation; they preferred a claim to a fourth of the revenue of the Nurpur and Mittha Tiwana in consideration of their loyalty and good services. Thier claim was admitted and villages yielding Rs. 6,000 a year were granted in jagir to each (Sher Muhammad Khan and Fateh Sher Khan) perpetuity. Tiwana family had the background of independent rule and later on the had a bitter experience of Sikh domination. At the outbreak of the war of independence, the Sikhs, as a whole, unexpectedly, sided with the British. The Tiwanas feared, Sikhs may gain their lost position. That is why they supported whole-heartedly the Britishers in all political matters and diffence issue. Moreover, good relation between them already existed. Since they had fought together during the second Sikh war. Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana was called by Mr. Ouseley, the Deputy Commissioner of Shahpur, was asked to help the British in ordered to crush the freedom fighters. Upone this Malik Sahib Tiwana said, I offer my head and thirty thousand rupees.64 The Malik Sahib Tiwana took three hundred cavalry under his command.65 Mr. Ouseley felt great relief at their departure, as he feared that they might indulged in anti-British activities66. The following events are worth mentioning, in connection with the role played by the Tiwanas in the war of independence. Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana Fought against the rebels of 14th Infantry stationed at Jehlum. The rebles were suspected of disaffection and were asked to lay down their arms. They refused to obey and began firing. After a sever fight, they were defeated. Most of them were drowned in the river Jehlum while trying to cross to the other side.67 Now a greate achievement was awaited for Malik Sahib Khan, as, Some of the rebels killed their officers at Lahore and crossing the Ravi River wanted to reach Sialkot. The Chaukidar of the ferry wented Ajnala, District Amristar, and informed the Tahsildar about the intention of the rebels. The Tahsildar atonce informed Mr. Cuper, the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar. Malik Sahib Khan was then at Amritsar. With only a force of 76 men, which included 40 men of the Tiwana Horse, Malik Sahib khan advanced against the rebels. They had taken shelter in an island. The Malik, with the help of his wise strategy, captured all of them, 282 in number, without firing a single shot 68. This achievement of the Malik was greatly admired by Mr. Cuper in his official reports. Kanpur was the Centre of the activities of the Maratha rebel Nana Sahib. He was joined by another famous Maratha leader Tantia Topi. The British commander, Charles Windham, defended the place bravely and continued fighting against heavy odds, at last he was able to repulse the Marhatas. During all this period, Malik Sahib Khan remained with the British Commander69. During some other great battles of the War of Independence of Murar, Kota and Gawalyar, Malik Sahib Khan served under General Napier who trusted to the Malik so much that he appointed him, his personal bodyguard.70 The force of Malik Sahib Khan was called the Tiwanas Horse. The maternal cousin of Sahib Khan, Malik Jahan Khan was appointed as its commader71. The battle of Ranod, a town in the state of Gawaliar, was also a famous one. It was fought in December 1857 between the Mughal Prince Feroz Shah and General Napier. The Tiwana Lancers fought with usual loyalty and Malik Jahan Khan received six wounds. General Napier in his official dispatches was all praise for him.72 As a result, the Tiwanas gained great distinction for their loyalty to the British during the War of Independence and received high rewards. Megha is a famous ferry on the river Jehlum, near Jhawarian, District Sargodha. The whole area was infested with dacates and thieves. This ferry along with a large tract of land was allotted to Malik Sahib Khan who was allowed to charge ferry tax from those who crossed the river. The land was very fertile and it was developed into a valuable estate by the Malik.73 In recognition of his service during the War, Malik Sahib Khan obtained a grant of 8,700 acres of land at Kalra (Tehsil Shapur) covering an area of 13 square miles74. He constructed his own canal to irrigate this land, with the result the estate became most valuable. In 1870-71, two more private canals were constructed by Malik Sahib Khan, namely Piranwala Nala and Chaharami Nala, for the irrigation of different areas in Shahpur and Bhalwal Tehsils. He charged one-forth of the total yield of the crops from the owners of land.75 A branch of Tiwana family that hailed Hamoka (Khushab) was also one of the recipients of high rewards. Malik Sultan Muhammad Khan performed good service under Edwards at the rebellion of Multan and again made him self most useful during the Mutiny.He owned fine estate of 2,266 acres at Khawajabad in Shapur Tehsil and 1500 acres of valuable land held on lease, almost all irrigated by his private canal.76 Malik Jahan Khan, who belonged to the Hadali branch of the Tiwanas, also rendere useful service to the British during the War of Independence. He became Major of the 18th Bengal Lancers and was given the title of Sardar Bahadur. This family held at Jahanabad (Shahpur), a very fine property consisting of 3,000 acres free of land revenue forever and held on lease 1,400 acres, all irrigated from their private canal.77 After the mutiny, Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana spends most of his time to cultivate the barren lands and increased breed of the horses. He performed main achievement for the development of horses in the District Shahpur. Besides this he got a broad and splendid inn with his own expenditures.78 His main achievement is that he always kept himself away from family. He performed a leading role to dissolve enmities and differences in Tiwana family. He died in 187979 and his death all his property was transferred to his only son Umar Hayat Tiwana. Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana was the father of Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana. He was born on October 5, 1875 at Megha which was a beautiful place on the bank of the River Jehlum in Kalra state. He shifted from Kalra with his family in his childhood,80 after getting the right of ownership of his land. After his primary education Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana got admission in Chief College Lahore at the age of fourteen. Here he got education for about five years. In 1895, he got full control of property which was remaining under the supervision of “Court of Wards” during his childhood. He got commission in army in 1901 and he was made an honorary Lieutenant. He was attached 18 Larnce which once had been of his father. He was awarded with the special medal of Tibbat and medal of Sumali land due to his war services in 1902 in the war of Sumali land and in 1904 in the mission of Tibbat. He was also given the title of CSIE “Companionship of the Indian Empire in1904.81 In April 1904 a horrible earth quick accured in “Kangrah”. He helped the masses with his party. He also included in the delegate of Shimla who met Viceroy Lord Minto in 1906. In 1907 when the Ameer of Afghanistan Habibullah Shah visited India he remained with him as a good companion. At his return to Afghanistan the Ameer Habibullah Shah gave him his personal revolver, a horse and a precious watch as a gift. He was appointed the member of Punjab Legislative Council in 1906. He was also appointed a member of the Council for the second time 1908.He was made a member of Imperial Legislative Council for serving Punjab Legislative Council for four years.82 He was elected a member of Council of state after remaining the member of Imperial Legislative Council till 1920. He was made a member of Indian Legislative Council in 1929.83 He was given the title of Nawab for performing his duties in Indian Legislative Council for thirty years.84 He was the first member of Provincial Council who offered his services in the first World War (1914-1918). Acknowledging his war services in France and Iraq he was given the title of Sir.85 Besides this he was given the title of “CIE” and “CBA” and he was also given fifteen squire lands.86 Performing his services in third Afghan World War (3 May, 1919 to 18 August, 1919) and in the riots of Punjab in 1919, he was given the title of “Knight Hood”.87 In 1911 when Gorge V held the court of the for give Crown Jubilee at Dehli, in this festivity, he was given the title of “Deputy Hear led of the King”.88 Besides, being the member of Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam he had been the member of many other organizations. He also took an active part in Tehreek-e-Khilafat. He had also being the second Secretary of Provisional wing of the Muslim League and after that he became the second President of the Muslim League. He along with his dear fellow Kunwar Pertab Singh, who had been a member of Punjab Legislative Council, founded Punjab Chief Association, in which all the feudalists and big guns of the area included. Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana was appointed the President of this Association.89 He also performed of Hujj in 1935 and he departed from “Judah” to take part in the silver jubilee ceremonies of the King. He returned at once when he hared about his mother’s death. After that he never undertook a long journey till his death. He fell ill on 7 March, 1944 and he spent the whole period of his illness in Surgudha, and he died during his sleep on 24 March. He was buried in his native grave yard. After that Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana built a grand tomb there.90 Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana is included in the big feudalistic and land lord in the Punjab and other provinces. The lands of Kalra State, Shah Pur Tahseel and Khushab. Lands are included in the legacy. Besides these lands, Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana bought many villages and properties in which included Serdar Pur and Chak Umar.91 Further he had a long property in “Bhera”, to irrigate the lands he had three cannals, Perran Wali cannal, Chahran Wali cannal and Sahab Khan Wali cannal. These cannals helped him to increase his income. He had many square of lands in the colonies of Lower Chanab and Lower Jehlum. 92 To breed horses was his ancestral hobby. For this purpose, Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana got a big stud form. Horses were also provided to the army from this form. 93 Malik Umar Khan Hayat Tiwana had been the magistrate of the first yard and was one of the big fuidilistic men of the province. He also performed a leading role to got fuidilistic art accepted. Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana made many welfare organizations for the welfare of the people. He also introduced the system of geting registered the weddings of the Muslim. His efforts to kill crimes will always be remembered by the people of Mittah Tiwana.94 He also promoted different games. He himself was expert in horse riding and tent pegging. He had two wives, he had only one son from the first wife and had no issues beside this boy Royal Batth Ch Műąž Warraich NarmEen IlyAs MaLik
Posted on: Sat, 13 Dec 2014 17:27:18 +0000
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