Computer -programmable device that manipulates data. Variates 1.Supercomputer 2.Mainframe 3.Workstation 4. Microcomputers 5.Microcontrolers FUNCTION 1. Input 2.CPU 3.Storage Device 4.Output Table HARDWARE Input a.keyboard b.mouse c. joystick d. webcam STORAGE DEVICE a. RAM (Random Access Memory) b. BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) c. CCD (Compact Disk) d. DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) e. BD (Blue-ray Disk) f. Hard Disk Drive - main storage device of the computer PROCESSOR - brain of the computer a.Motherboard- Heart of the computer b. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 2 types of storage devices Primary- a storage device that cannot be removed from the computer Secondary - storage device that is transferable. OUTPUT a. Printer b. Speaker c. Monitor d. Projector SOFTWARE a. communication b. Network Interface Card (NIC) c. Server d. Modem (Modulator Demodulator) - converts digital signal to analog and vice versa. BINARY LANGUAGE TWO KINDS OF SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM (SYSTEM SOFTWARE) Ex : Windows, Ubuntu , Mac , Utilities) APPLICATION SOFTWARE DATA a. Process b. Text c. Image d. Video e. Audio PEOPLE WARE Careers in IT a. Computer Engineer - design / understand computer processors. b. Computer Operator - monitor computer system. c. System Administrator - Operates computer system to a company d. Software Designer e. Computer Programmer - writes codes. f. System Analyst g. Multimedia Designer h. Web Master IT ( INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) Information - organized data Technology - enable information to produce products and services ACTIVITIES OF IT WORKERS 1. Troubleshooting/Support helpdesk technicians/Service Worker 2. Programming - writing code for computer software 3. Designing - computers, web pages, software and multimedia 4. Analyzing - modifying computer system to improve production and work slow. 5. Networking - connecting 2 or more computers together for communication purposes. 6. Managing - monitoring and controlling computer system. SOUGHT AFTER SKILLS IN IT a. Teamwork b. Project Management c. Communication d. Network e. Programming COMPUTER SYSTEM - combination of hardware and software. FEATURES a. Speed b. Accuracy c. Storage d. Versatile e. Automation f. Diligence LIMITATIONS - needs computer program - cannot detect wrong OPERATING SYSTEM - Software program that acts as interface between user and computer. It is used to control and manage hardware components such as keyboard , monitor and etc. GOALS OF OPERATING SYSTEM a. control/execute user application. b. make computer system convenient to use. c. ease the solving of user problems. d. use the computer hardware in efficient manner. Table explain table FUNCTIONS 1. Process Management 2. Memory Management 3. File Management 4. Device Management 5. Security Management 6. User Interface TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM A. DOS (Disk Operating System) - widely used before windows - set of computer programs with functions like manage files, allocate system resources. DOS Commands a. Internal Commands - COPY, DEL, TYPE b. External Commands - FORMAT, DISK COPY, CHKDSK Advantages 1. More Security 2. User Friendly 3. More useful in commercial applications 4. Easy debugging FEATURES a. single user b. machine independence c. program control d. peripheral management e. managing files B. WINDOWS - most popular OS -extension of DOS Types a. Application Window - displays executable programs in GUI mode. b. Document Window - generated by executable or program application. Advantages a. simplifies base operating system. b. reliable. c. can run on any processor. d. can communicate with other computers. Features 1. GUI (Graphics User Interface) 2. Icons a. applications b. document c. program 3. Start button 4. Task bar 5. Windows Explorer 6. Right mouse button 7. Long filename 8. Shortcuts 9. Multitasking 10. Easy internet access 11. Software/hardware compatible 12. Find 13. Great gaming platform 14. Help 15. Manage PC C. UNIX/LINUX - has practically everything in an OS. - demands more from user when it comes to hardware/software Features a. Multiuser b. Multitasking c. Toolkit d. Programming facility e. Online/offline help is available. BRANCH IT BLACK HAT WHITE HAT Virus - Antivirus Password - Layer of facility Intrude - Firewall ELECTRONIC COMMERCE - process of searching, choosing buying and products and services. - uses the computer and communication networks for promoting products, selling, delivery and collection service. E-commerce includes : a. Buying and selling on the internet b. Making payment electronically c. Business transaction where there is no physical change . d. Transacting a business over electronic network. PROBLEMS WITH E-COMMERCE a. Identity b. Authentification c. Protection of data d. Confidentiality SOLUTIONS a. Secure socket layer b. Digital signatures c. Using public key cryptography d. Using digital certificate FEATURES 1. Business strategy to cut down cost while improving qualities and increasing speed of delivery of goods/services. 2. Ability to sell/ purchase products/services/information on computer network. 3. Solution for office automation 4. Tool to improve intra business functioning 5. Improve inter-business communication. IMPORTANCE a. Low setup cost - easy to setup website. b. Global free market - anyone has access to information regarding markets c. Global access d. Availability of technology e. Multiple opportunities f. others like: - costumer search - presales inquiries - sales - advertising - promotion - purchasing - transaction - fund transfer - after sales service - public relations - ongoing relationships management - customer support TYPES a . Business to Business (B2B) - electronic transactions between manufacturing firm and supplies firm. b. Business to Consumer ( B2C) - consumers check catalogs to learn about products and services. Consumer goes to merchants website and play electronically. c. Consumer to Consumer (C2C) - auction sites like buyandsell and ebay or amaxon ICT (Information Communication Technology) - technology required for information processing in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, any time. INFORMATION - knowledge obtained from reading, study or research. COMMUNICATION - act of transmitting messages, process where by information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interaction TECHNOLOGY - use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processed products that fulfill human needs. IMPACT OF ICT table COMPUTER ETHICS - system of moral standards or values used as a guideline for computer users. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - refers to any product of human intellect that is unique and has value in the market place. PRIVACY - in IT it refers to data and information privacy. In general, data includes text, numbers, sound, images and video. Information privacy is the rights of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them. CYBER LAW - refers to any law relating to protecting the internet and other online communication. DATA OWNERSHIP - act of having the legal rights and complete control over a single or set of data elements. It defines and provides information about the rightful owner of data assets and the acquisition, use, distribution policy implemented by data owner. DIGITAL PIRACY -illegal trade of software, videos, DVD and music. It occurs when someone other than the copyright holder copies the product and resells it for a fraction of the cost that the legitimate produces charges. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - duty of evey individual to perform so as to maintain balance between economy and the ecosystem. ETHICS a. Guide - as guideline to computer users. b. Moral standards. c. No punishment. d. Free to follow e. Immoral - not honoring ethics means ignoring moral elements. f. Universal - can be applied anywhere all over the world. g. Produce ethical computer users. LAW a. Control - as a rule to control computer users b. Judged by judicial ethics . c. Must follow. d. Punishment - penalties, imprisonment and etc. e. Depends on country. f. Prevents misuse of computer. g. Crime - not honoring the law. ALOGARITHM - sequence of activities to be processed for getting desired output from a given input. STEPS : 1. Getting specified output is essential after alogarithm is executed. 2. One will get output only if alogarithm stops after a finite time. 3. Activities in alogarithm to be clearly defined in afterwards for it to be unambiguous. OPERATIONS USED a. Addition (+) b. Subtraction (-) c. Multiplication d. Division e. ← Assignment TYPES OF ALOGARITHM a. Sequence - statement placed one after another. b. Branching - binary decision based on some condition usually represented by if, then c. Loop - allows statement to be repeatedly executed based on some loop condition. Usually represented by for a while loop. PROPERTIES a. Finiteness - always terminate after a finite number of steps. b. Definiteness - each step must be precisely defined. c. Input - operation performed and some beginning value. d. Output - there is an expected output. e. Effectiveness - developed using basic operations. FLOWCHART flow chart symbols process, input output, decision, connector, predefined process, terminal, how lines. Steps and tips. ADVANTAGES 1. Communication - can be used as a better way of communication of the logic of a system and steps involved. 2. Effective Analysis - can be used for effective analysis of the problem. 3. Documentation - vital part of a good program documentation, program document is used for various purposes like knowing the components in a program and complexity of the program. 4. Efficient program maintenance - once a program is developed and becomes operational it needs time to maintenance. Flow chart makes it easier. 5. Coding of the program - any design of solution of a problem is converted into computer program, writing code, referring the flowchart of the solution becomes easy. NETWORKING - process of interconnecting two or more computers so that the user can communicate with each other, share resources and overcome other limitations of straw alone symbols. ADVANTAGES 1. Hardware resource sharing - enables sharing of expensive resources such as processor, storage space and others. 2. Sharing of database - permits concurrent access to the same data file by many users in the network. 3. Sharing of software - any user can load and use software installed. 4. Communication between users. 5. Decentralized data processing enable local officers to capture and store data. 6. Security of data - data backs up with duplicate storage. TYPES OF NETWORK A. WAN (Wireless Area Network) - made up of number of autonomous computers distributed over a wide geographical area. Features 1. Operates by means of international telephone network. 2. WANs Operate on public and leased telephone lines. 3. Data transmission is slower. 4. Composed of following system configuration : - single cluster - clusters - LANS Advantages 1. Allows access to database at remote skills. 2. If remote mode fails, remaining notes can still exchange data. 3. If network fails, local mode can still access to its database. 4. Local offices can maintain data more effectively. B. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - covers wide area than LAN C. LAN (Local Area Network) - system of interconnected microcomputers sharing common resources like disk, printers and etc. TYPES OF LAN A. Client/Server LAN - server manages shared hardware and software. B. Peer to peer - every computer is equal in status and functioning. Less expensive but slower. LAN TOPOLOGY TOPOLOGY - refers to the way a computer is physically connected into the network. a. Star topology - nodes are connected to a central computer called the host computer. b. Ring topology - computers communicate directly with each other and also with central computer. c. Bus topology - configures computers to a single non-looping channel, wiring is easy and uses less wires d. Hybrid topology - combination of different topologies. pic of each. LAN COMPONENTS 1. Workstation - single microcomputer with high power communication facilities types: a. User Workstation - used to access network. b. Server Workstation -performs service to process other worksations and network. 2. File Server - provides clients access to files. 3. Gateway - assist in community between LANs 4. Network Interface Unit (NIC) - alao known as network card/adapter - connects workstation. 5. Active Hub - device to connect multiple computers. 6. Passive Hub - distribution point that does not use power and can connect up to four nodes. 7. LAN Cable - can be coaxial or fiber optics. 8. Network Operating System (NOS) - integrates all network components. 9. Application Software - ensures software works in the multi-user environment. 10. Protocols - set of rules/procedures to control the data transmission. HARDWARE ASSEMBLY and REPAIR GUIDELINES 1. Assemble a PC, monitor and keyboard as a set, make sure that you have the right components to make the unit operate correctly. 2. Make sure that you have the right software to test the PC. 3. Run any hardware - specific diagnosis software first before running anything. 4. Keep working one PC until you are completely finished with it. 5. Ask for help if possible. 6. Figure out what would be best to install in the PC. Assemble parts, perform the repair. HARDWARE TESTING 1. Locate a hard drive. Check model and manufacturer. 2. Play hard drive in appropriate test PC and turn it on. 3. Run ROM BIOS setup program. 4. Try to access the device. 5. Label hard drive if it is working properly otherwise test and make sure it is attached correctly. MONITOR TESTING 1. Locate monitor, check pin connector. 2. Plug monitor to its appropriate test PC. 3. Try connecting other monitor if it is not working. KEYBOARD TESTING 1. Locate keyboard, check typer. 2. Plug in test PC. 3. Run keyboard software. POINTS TO REMEMBER WHILE TROUBLESHOOTING 1. Check if warranty is still valid. 2. If so, send back to manufacturer. 3. Call manufacturer for tech support. 4. Before making adjustments, be sure to a. Buy an antistatic wrist strap/mat. b. Keep PC plugged in but power switch turned off when working with internal components. c. Hold metal part of computer case when handling any electronic parts. 5. Before reseat, remove or replace internal components, arm yourself with a working knowledge of computer components. 6. Locate hardware parts, identify correctly. 7. Keep all documentations, driver CDs and warranty information in a safe place check manual before changing any settings. GENERAL DOs and DONTs about the computer. DO 1. Always shutdown computer properly. 2. Do regular scab disk check the hardware surface for damage. 3. Defragment hard drive periodically. 4. Delete all files/programs you no longer need for PC. 5. Use antivirus program. 6. Back up data. Donts 1. Do not eat around PC. 2. Do not drink around PC. 3. Do not use magnets around PC. CLEANING HARDWARE 1. Clean when it looks dirty or when (mouse) is not working. 2. Monitor/mouse need the most cleaning. 3. Keep PC in a clean environment. MATERIALS NEEDED FOR CLEANING 1. Soft lint-free cotton 2. Soapy water 3. Cotton swabs 4. Eraser 5. Water spray bottle hold soapy water 6. Can of compressed air 7. CD-ROM cleaner kit 8. Portable vacuum TROUBLESHOOTING DEVICE MANAGER ISSUES Device manager - OS feature that lets you view/change properties of all devices installed to your PC. When to use Device manager : 1. Check if hardware is working properly. 2. Change hardware configuration. 3. Identify device drivers loaded for each device. 4. Change advanced settings/properties. 5. Install updated device drivers. 6. Disable, enable, uninstall devices. 7. Reinstall previous versions of drive. 8. Identify device conflicts, manually configure resource settings. 9. Print summary of device installed. To access device manager you can : 1. Start → Control Panel → Performance/Maintenance→ System→ Hardware tools→ Device manager 2. Run → type devmgnt.msc → 3. Right click computer → manager→ Device manager 4. Right click → properties → hardware tools → Device manager
Posted on: Mon, 20 Oct 2014 16:23:24 +0000
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