In Europe, it had a different name - the Order of the Knights of Christ. Where did the same this name? The fact that this order was the residence is located in Jerusalem, the place where, according to legends, once the temple of King Solomon. Knights referred to as the Templars. This military- monastic organization known to us under several names: Order of the Poor Knights of the Temple of Solomon, Jesus ; Order of the poor brethren of the Temple of Jerusalem ; Order of the Knights Templar. The official name of the Order in Latin, which he was given the Pope at the base - Pauperurum Commilitonum Christi Templiqne Solamoniaci. In 1118 (1119 ?) In the period between the First and the Second Crusade French knights Hyuh where Payyen and Zhofrua de Saint- Omi , and seven other French knights ( Andre de Monbar , Hundomar , Roland , Joffre Bezo , where Payne Mondezir , Archambault de Saint- Eynan ) took care of the protection of the road leading from the Mediterranean sea to Jerusalem from thieves and robbers. Assumed primarily to protect Christian pilgrims who came to venerate the Holy Land Christian holy sites in Jerusalem. King Baldwin of Jerusalem took them the residence of his castle Temple (Temple), built on the site of the ancient Jewish Temple of Solomon. This group of knights joined in the military and religious order called poor knights of the Temple of Solomon, Jesus ( according to other sources Poor Jerusalem to the Temple ) , but they were in the home at the place of residence ymenuvaty Templars or Knights Templar . Entering the Order of the Knights were both monks that took monastic vows of obedience ( obedience ), poverty and celibacy. Tired Templar, allegedly , was developed by St.. Bernard and approved at a church council in the French city of Troyes by Pope Eugene III in 1128 year. The basis of the Charter of the Templars served monastic orders arose tsysteriantsiv (not military- religious and religious - just Catholic ), very strict and rigid statute . Knight , entering the Knights Templar renounced not only from all the worldly life, but also on the family. His food had to serve only bread and water. Forbidden meat, milk, vegetables , fruit and wine. Wear only the simplest . If the death knight monk in his speeches turned gold or silver articles or money, then he lost the right to burial in consecrated ground ( cemetery ), and if it is discovered after the funeral , the body had to pull out of the graves and throw food to the dogs . They had no right to lead a secular life , sing, and even laugh. Discipline was very strict . Knights had to make three vows , they were strictly adhered to. This vow of chastity, poverty and obedience. After that it was impossible to disobey the order of a higher rank . In fact, it appears that these claims to the public. The Templars became famous by greedy on military production, sensual entertainment and wine - drinking , do not hesitate killing and robbing anyone, including co-religionists. It is well described in the novel V. Scott Ivanhoe . Although it is a work of art , but historical records confirm this behavior style Templars in England. Members of the Knights Templar were divided into three classes : knights ; priests ; sergeants ( ministers , pages, squires , servants , soldiers, guards and so on). Unlike , say the Teutonic Knights, Knights Templar monastic vows taken in all classes and all the rigor of the statute concerning all members of the Order. Decals Knights Templar were white cloak mantle for knights and sergeants from brown to red eight- course cross ( known as the Maltese Cross ), a battle cry: Bosean flag ( Shtandart ) - black and white flag with the motto non nobis Domine ( this is the initial words of verse 9 psaloma 113 Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam ... - not to us, O Lord, not to us but to your name give glory, ... ), coat of arms Order was the image of two knights who ride on one horse (a symbol of poverty Templar ). According to some sources in the sergeants of the cross was incomplete and it looked like the letter T. Knights of the Order could only be French ( and later British ) noble birth . Only they can occupy top management positions ( Grand Master , master possessions kapitulyery , Castellan , drapiyery and so on). However, with regard to nationality is not adhered too strictly. Among the knights meet and Italians , Spaniards, Flemings . Sergeant of the Order could become as rich citizens ( held positions squires , accountants, managers, storekeepers , pages , etc. ) and ordinary people ( security guards , soldiers , servants ). Order priests could become Catholic priests , however , entering the order, a priest becomes a member of the Order and obey only the Master of the Order and its senior officials. Bishops of the Catholic Church and even the Pope lost control of them . The priests perform religious duties in the Order , albeit the Knights of the Order were empowered clergy . Any member of the Order could send their religious duties only to the priests of the Order ( confession , communion , and so on). Gradually order pererostav in fighting unit that obeyed only the Grand Master and the Pope. Grand Master was immediately chosen where Peynson . As a result of strict discipline and unquestioning obedience Templars managed to get organized . As a result, they possessed enormous wealth . The Templars became the owners of shipyards and ports, not to mention the numerous land. In addition, they had a powerful fleet . It got to the point that they could borrow huge sums of money to kings, who lost his position , leaving were able to influence public affairs. The feudal lords gave the order around the estates , villages , towns, castles, churches , monasteries, taxes, and taxes on them flocked to the cashier order. Already in 1133 , the childless king of the Spanish province of Aragon Alonso I, which is also owned by Navarre and Castile , dying bequeathed all his possessions of the Knights Templar and Hospitallers . Though this covenant was not made , but Ramiro el Monet, who ascended the throne arahnoskyy bought off orders of very large charity. The French king Philip Augustus I grant in 1222 by order of a huge amount in those times 52,000 gold. However, as many historians argue , the real basis of wealth was not the order of the spoils and donations , and active usurious activities, in fact , the creation of the banking system in Europe. From historical sources we know what the Templars were introduced accounting records and bank checks. Knights Templar avoided science, strongly encouraged its development. Besides trying all the new technological inventions to keep to himself. It is known that, for example , compass, first using just the Templars . Knights Templar were skillful surgeons. Often they had to treat the wounded, who , after all, was part of the duties of members of the Order. 1191 was the year of the death or decay of the Knights Templar , who were unable to keep the castle of Saint-Jean dAkr during the Crusades . However , part of its continued existence. In Germany, King Henry confined himself to the Order declared dissolved, but even in 1318 , the Hospitallers Pope complained that although the order and dismissed , but the Templars continue to own the property and live in castles . In Italy, the Pope ordered the arrest of the Templars was performed quickly and steadily. However, the order was dealt a crushing blow and actually October 13, 1307 Order of the Templars ceased to exist. Anyway, as an organized force as a viable organization. While Marshal Order, drapiyer and treasurer were arrested in Cyprus only May 27, 1308 , but lawsuits against the Templars were already struggling and the latter dignitaries of the Order simply expect their fate. Order of the Inquisition were charged with , say , formal , although obviously a lot of accusations and not unreasonable . Legally Knights Templar ceased to exist on the basis Bull of Pope Clement V on March 22, 1312 (Vox clamsntis), May 2, 1312 (Ad providam) and 6 May 1312 (Considerantes dudum). In terms of modern law is the legal order, because the order was created and also the bull of Pope . The last Grand Master of the Knights Templar , Jacques de Mol was convicted of charges against him , sentenced to death and burned at the stake in 1314 in Paris.
Posted on: Mon, 17 Mar 2014 16:53:01 +0000