Rabies video: rabies virus-rabies symptoms-rabies treatment-rabies vaccine-rabies in cats-rabies in humans-human rabies-rabies shots-anti rabies vaccine-signs of rabies-what is rabies. GAWSUL AZAM IN BANGLADESH How to prevent Rabies Diagnosis of Rabies in humans: Background: • Human rabies can be confirmed ante-mortem and post-mortem by various diagnostic techniques aimed at detecting whole virus, viral antigens or nucleic acids in infected tissues. • Several tests are necessary to diagnose rabies ante-mortem in humans; no single test is sufficient. • Tests are performed on the samples of saliva, serum, spinal fluid, and skin biopsies of hair follicles at the nape of the neck. • Saliva can be tested by virus isolation or reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). • Serum and spinal fluid are tested for antibodies to rabies virus. • Skin biopsy specimens are examined for rabies antigen in the cetaceous nerves at the base of hair follicles. • There is no test available for diagnosis of Rabies infection in humans before the onset of clinical disease, and unless the rabies-specific signs of hydrophobia or aerophobia are present, the clinical diagnosis may be difficult. Diagnosis: 1. Patient history: - Ensure attending physician to complete clinical history of the patient using Patient Information Form for Human Rabies (Appendix -?) and /or Sample sending form. - All the forms must accompany samples sent to the Rabies Laboratory. 2. Sample Collection: all following clinical specimens are required for laboratory diagnosis of rabies: Saliva1: • Tests performed: o PCR for detection of rabies RNA o Cell culture for isolation of the virus, if possible • Collect saliva using a sterile eyedropper pipette (???) o Tracheal aspirates and sputum are not suitable for rabies tests • Place collected saliva in a small sterile container, which can be sealed securely • No preservative or additional material should be added - Neck skin biopsy/ autopsy2: • Tests to be performed: o direct Rapid Immunohistochemistry Test (dRIT) for antigen detection o Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) for antigen detection o PCR for viral RNA • A section of skin, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, should be taken from posterior region of the neck at the hairline o The biopsy specimen should contain a minimum of 10 hair follicles and be of sufficient depth to include the cetaceous nerves at the base of the follicle. • Place the specimen on a piece of sterile gauze moistened with sterile water and place in a sealed container • Do not add preservatives or additional fluids over the specimen.
Posted on: Wed, 24 Dec 2014 19:19:53 +0000
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