*Steel is an alloy comprised mostly of iron, with a carbon content between 0.02 % and 1.7 % by weight, depending on grade. *Modern steel is generally identified by various grades of steel defined by various standards organizations. *The American Iron and Steel Institute standardizes numbered AISI steel grades, including the following: 1.Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel: Carbon steels and low alloy steels are designated by a four digit number, where the first two digits indicate the alloying elements and the last two digits indicate the amount of carbon, in hundreths of a percent by weight. eg.Carbon Steels,Mn steel,Mo steel,Ni steel,Cr steel,Ni- Cr steel,Chromium-Molybdenum (Chromoly) Steels,Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels,Nickel-Molybdenum Steels,Cr steel,Chromium-Vanadium Steels,Tungsten-Chromium Steels,Silicon-Manganese Steels and more. 2.Stainless steel: 200 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys 300 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel alloys Type 301—highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working. Type 303—Free machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur Type 304—the most common; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Type 316—the next most common; for food and surgical stainless steel uses; Alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. 316 steel is more resistant to corrosion than 18-8 stainless steels. 316 steel is used in the handling of certain food and pharmaceutical products where it is often required in order to minimize metallic contamination. 316 steel is also known as marine grade stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants. 400 Series—ferritic and martensitic chromium alloys Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel. Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only). Type 410—martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). Type 416 Type 420—Cutlery Grade martensitic; similar to the Brearleys original rustless steel. Also known as surgical steel. Type 430—decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic. Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat treated properly. 500 Series—heat resisting chromium alloys 600 Series—martensitic precipitation hardening alloys Type 630—most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% chromium, 4% nickel . 3.Other steels: The standards organization ASTM International produces standards for structural steel used in the construction industry. Those steel alloys have designations which start with A, for example A36, A588, or A514. *Mild steel can be manufactured by hot rolling and cold rolling. [Cold rolling is a metallurgical process in which metal is passed through a pair of rollers at a temperature below its recrystallization temperature. This process hardens the metal, by compressing and stretching the metal crystals. After the rolling process, the metal is annealed by heating it above the recrystallization temperature after every few rollings, to prevent it from becoming brittle and cracking.] [The metallurgical process of Hot rolling, used mainly to produce sheet metal or simple cross sections from billets describes the method of when industrial metal is passed or deformed between a set of work rolls and the temperature of the metal is generally above its recrystallization temperature, as opposed to cold rolling, which takes place below this temperature. This permits large deformations of the metal to be achieved with a low number of rolling cycles.
Posted on: Sun, 03 Nov 2013 05:11:13 +0000
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