Subject: Geography Unit : 3 Target group: Senior three Topic: Tourism and wildlife conservation in East Africa Introduction: Tourism is an economic activity, which involves the movement or travelling from one region to another for pleasure, curiosity, adventure and study purposes. The tourist industry is based on the travellers’ means of transport, accommodation and other related services. Tourism may involve people travelling within the country i.e. domestic tourism or travelling to places outside their country of residence i.e. international tourism. The major tourist attraction in East Africa is wildlife. Others include the land scope, drainage system, different tribal/cultural life, historical site e.g. Fort Jesus, Bigobyamugyenyi e.t.c, Game parks and reserves e.t.c. Sub –topic: - Distribution of tourist attraction Importance of tourism Factors that have favoured the development of tourism in E. Africa. - Problems faced in the industry and their solutions. Time required: Minimum 80 minutes Maximum 160 minutes Brief description of topic: The unit deals with tourism and wildlife conservation in East Africa. Main content and concepts to emphasise; the teacher should emphasise the following: Definition of the following: tourism, wildlife, game parks and game reserves. Describe the tourist attractions in East Africa. Identify the tourist attractions in East Africa countries. Factors favouring tourism in each of the countries. Benefits of tourism and wildlife conservation in East Africa. Problems faced in the tourism industry and solutions. Teaching and learning materials, activities and guidance. - Textbooks, Use relevant photographs taken from East Africa. Documentary films Magazines News papers Media i.e. T.V, DVD. Teacher’s guide: Learning objectives - Students should be able to identify the tourist attractions in East Africa/. - Explain factors that have led to the growth of tourism in East Africa. - Problems faced in the industry and how they have been solved. - What could be done to improve on tourism? References Karuggaah. R. and Kabasi .J. (1993), certificate Geography form 2 (pg100-121). G.M. Hickman, WHG. Dickens with E woods (1973), The lands and peoples of East Africa, Longman group ltd. Young and Lawry (1985): A course in world Geography, physical Regional and Human Geography of East-Africa. Student’s activity Comparison between tourism in East Africa and Switzerland. Topic notes Definitions; Wildlife: it refers to all mammals, reptiles, birds and insects living in their natural habitant such as forests, grasslands, swamps, seas, lakes and rivers. Game park- this is an area set aside by the government to conserve birds, and wild animals. In this area no settlements or hunting is allowed by law, hence the area is gazetted and kept in its natural state. Game reserves – this is a tract of land set a side by the government to conserve and protect animals. Its similar to a national park, however, there is limited hunting with permission (licence) from the game department. Game reserves are usually established near Game parks for they can be used for extension of National parks. And also act as a buffer zone. Tourist attractions in East Africa: - Wild life: - fauna and flora - Landscape: - snow covered mountains, Block mountains, volcano mountains. Rift valleys, steep escarpment Drainage system Different tribal/cultural life Historical sites Game parks Drainage system. River Nile as the longest river in East Africa, and Lake Victoria as the largest fresh water lake. River Nile has rapids and falls, which create beautiful scenery such as Karuma, Bujagali Falls and Murchision falls. Varied landscape: - Snow covered mountains like Kilimajaro, Rwenzori, Kenya. Block mountains and volcano mountains e.g. Rwenzori , Elgon, Kenya , Mufumbira ranges, Aberdare. Exposed intrusive features like sukuru hills. Rift valley/ steep escarpment. Historical sites. - kasubi tombs-burial ground for Buganda royal Kingdom. - Fort Lugard,Fort Jesus- Portuguese fort. - Nyero Rock paints. - olduvia Gorge- stone age sites - Palaces /temples/mosques/churches Varied vegetation -Fauna - Tropical forest - Bamboo forest - Heath and moor land on mountains. Different tribal/cultural life. - Dressing, dances, local art and craft, traditional styles of house construction. Sports. - Mountain climbing, rafting, fishing, golf, motor rally, football, Basket ball, rugby, etc Climate -Warm sunny climate. - Sun bathing at the coast and along the lake shores. Factors that encourage the development of tourism in E. Africa. The physical factors involves the pleasant climate. Attractive physical features such as mountains, lakes, coastal beaches, rivers, lakes, vegetation e.t.c Economical factors, these involve transport and communication, Hotels and accommodation centres, shopping facilities, Entertainment, well-trained catering staff, water supply to major tourist centres. Political factors, tourists want to visit areas where there is political stability. Cultural factors: - tourists enjoy visiting places of historical and architectural interest, for example cities, churches, mosques, temples, palaces and pyramids. Tourism and benefits of wildlife conservation. Animals are conserved and natural vegetation preserved and this is turn has led to conservation of soil and catchment area. Government earn foreign currency, as many of the tourists are foreigners. Provide employment opportunities for nationals/citizens. Many people are employed as game wanders, managers, attendants in hotels, souverniour shops, safari and out-fit shops, travel agents etc. Many areas where these attractions are found have their infrastructure well developed e.g. good roads, recreation facilities, hospitals, schools. e.t.c The industry indirectly benefits other sectors for example agriculture, fishing crafts. Tourism utilises the unproductive agricultural land, which is sparsely populated. It creates good social and political relations amongst the state hence this makes many areas luxuriant and attractive. There is preservation of culture. Towns have developed in these areas with tourist attractions. This has led to development of infrastructure in such areas and business as increased. Tourism has led to the development of remote areas. Towns have developed in areas with tourist resorts and business has increased. The government also benefits from the sales of licences to tour operators who are taxed hence increased revenue. e.t.c Problems facing the tourism industry. 1. Poor infrastructure and communications from the major urban centres to the major tourist attractions. I.e. the roads are in poor state and worse during the rainy season. The railway is inefficient, slow and still operational in few areas. Air transport services are very few in Uganda and its quite expensive especially for the international tourist. 2. Political instability or insecurity, for example in Uganda, this affects the sector in the following ways: - Scares away the animals in the reserves. There is destruction of the infrastructure e.g. roads, hotels, people run away from war torn areas. 3. Increased poaching, which has led to extinction of some birds and animals. 4. Many areas of tourist attraction are in remote areas, which hinder many tourists to visit them leading to loss of foreign exchange. 5. Poor advertisement of Uganda’s tourist attractions especially at international levels. Most of the tourists lack knowledge of what is in Uganda. 6. Competition from other countries which a more developed and have well set up tourist attractions e.g. in terms of infrastructure, better roads, more hotels, communication and are more politically stable. 7. Language barrier especially with regard to the international languages. Very few employees in this industry can speak many of the foreign languages. e t c SOLUTIONS. Improvements in transport and communication e.g. Better roads are being constructed leading to the tourist attractions. In Uganda the Kampala- Kasese road leading to Queen Elizabeth National Park. Improvement on security by controlling the rebel activities especially in areas with tourist attractions. For example ensuring security to the tourists travelling to Kidepo National Park or to western Uganda. Laws have been set up by the government discouraging poaching of the wild animals and conservation of vegetation e.g. the wetland conservation policy, forest conservation policy. The governments have tried to advertise through media and also publishing documentaries about the tourist attractions, use of procures, stamps, opening up web sites and the adverts are mainly targeting the European countries e.g. UK, German e.t.c Employing forest officers and game rangers to help in stopping forestry fires and poaching. Improving in hospitality and the quality of service rendered to the tourist through training tour operators for example leisure and hospitality, and tourism courses are offered at the university. HOW TO IMPROVE THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN EAST AFRICA. Construction of transport n network or building better roads leading to the tourist centres. The level of hospitality to the tourists has been improved and this has increased the number of tourists coming into the different countries. There is need for political stability to ensure the security of the tourists. Diversification from the traditional tourist attractions of National parks and game reserves to include more of sport activities e.t.c. Attracting both local and foreign investors to put facilities like hotels, lodges etc for tourists. Comprehensive training of managers, wardens, travel agents, guides etc who work in the tourist sector. Liberalisation of tourist attractions and facilities e.g. hotels etc Establishment of wildlife clubs and education centres. Mass education about the importance and need for tourism. Improving international relations and political climate. Resettlement of the people to reduce encroachment on the tourist facilities. Disarming hostile tribes e.g. the karamajong, turkana etc. Strict-anti poaching laws and regulations are enforced. Spraying Tse tse infested areas and vaccination services are provided. Extensive advertising using stamps, posters, brochures, films etc Discouraging burning and clearing of vegetation in areas surrounding the National parks and game reserves that scares away animals. There is need for political stability to ensure the security of the tourists. The level of hospitality to the tourists has to be improved so as to attract more of the tourists coming from different countries. Construction of transport network or building better roads leading to the tourist centres. Diversification from the traditional tourist attractions of National parks and game reserves to include more of sport activities. Activity 1 1.The Serengeti plains are kept as a game park because: - There is very little water available. The soils are easily eroded They are sparsely populated They are far from communication network. 2.Meru National park is located in North-East Tanzania South-East Kenya. South Tanzania Central Kenya 3.which of the following is Uganda’s leading invisible expert? (a) Cocaine (b) skilled labour (c) Tourism (d) Hydro-electricity. 4. In East Africa, most game reserves are located in areas of: (a) Low rainfall (b) High population (c) Very fertile soils (d) Rugged terrain 5. A tourist in Uganda would see a wider variety of attractions along the: - Kampala-soroti road Mbarara- fort portal road Kampala-masaka road Mbarara-kabale raod 6. Which of the following is the most important benefit of the tourist industry in East Africa? It has Attracted more people in East Africa Created good relationship between the people of East A frica and other countries. Led to conservation of wild life. Become an invisible expert. 7.the largest National park in Uganda is: - (a) Queen Elizabeth (b) Murchison falls (c) Kidepo (d) Rwenzori. 8.In East Africa, wildlife conservation is aimed at: - The development of meat factory. Providing employment opportunities to poachers. Conserving nature and its beauty. Increasing the number of elephants. 9. The tourism industry in Kenya is more developed than in the other two East African countries because Kenya:- has better hotels is near the coast has better transport has a wider range of animals. (a), 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 4 and 3 10.most tourists in E.Africa come to see:- (a) Variety of wild life (b) Beautiful coast lands. (c) A beautiful relief scenery. (d) Several lake found in E. Africa. 11. The largest National Park in East Africa is Rwenzori (d) Serengeti (b) Tsavo (c) Kabalega 12. Uganda’s tourist industry is improving mainly because of: Renovation of hotels Improved security in the country Creation of more National parks Rehabilitation of feeder roads. 13.Tanzania can improve its tourism industry by:- Developing its transport network Creating more National parks Encouraging local people to visit the National parks. Encouraging the local people to use the coastal beaches 14. The major wildlife attraction to tourists visiting lake Nakuru is: - (a) Lions (b) Crocodiles (c) Antelopes (d) Flaninpoes 15. Which are of the following pairs of game reserves is found in Tanzania. Biharamuro and selous Selous and mara Mara and masha Biharamuro and masha.. ANSWERS Objectives C 6. D 11. B A 7. B 12. B C 8. C 13. A A 9. D 14. D C 10. A 15. A ACTIVITY. 2 1. (a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it mark and name; National parks: Tsavo, Queen Elizabeth and Mkomazi. (ii) Game reserves: Matheriko, selous. Identify THREE types of tourist attractions in East Africa besides wild life. Identify the factors, which have led to the development of tourism in East Africa. Outline the problems facing the tourist industry in East Africa 2. (a) Draw a map of Uganda and on it mark and name: National parks: L.mburo, Bwindi, Semliki,Kidepo,and Murchison falls. (ii) Kazinga channel, L.Bisinia and Mt.Elgon. Mention at least ONE Tourist attraction found in: - (i) Bwindi (ii) Murchison falls (iii) Kidepo (c) Describe the factors that have contributed to the development of tourism in Uganda (d) (i) State FIVE problems facing the tourist industry in Uganda. (ii) How are the problems stated in (d) (i) above being solved? KEY WORDS: Wild life Game reserves National parks A zoo Sanctuary Poaching Encroachment Game rangers Scenery Infrastructure. Answers to activity 2. 1. (a) SKETCH MAP OF EAST AFRICA SHOWING NATIONAL PARKS AND GAME RESERVES. THREE types of tourist attraction in East Africa. Climate i.e. warm sunny climate, sunbathing at the coast. Scenery- snow capped mountains, Block mountains, volcano mountains, rift valley, steep escarpments, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, caves etc Tribal cultural life: - dances, crafts, dressing, food, traditional styles of house construction. Sports: - mountain climbing, rafting, fishing, golf, motor rallying, football, basketball, rugby etc Historical sites: - kasubi tombs, fort lugard, fort Jesus, Nyero rock paints, oldunai Gorge, palaces, museums etc Varied vegetation: - tropical forests, savannah grassland/woodland, desert e.t.c Factors that have contributed to the development of Tourism in East Africa. Presence of a wide variety of tropical animals and birds. Presence of varied vegetation. Beautiful scenery i.e. snow capped mountains, rift valley, lakes, rivers, escarpment e.t.c. Improved transport and communication network. Improved accommodation i.e. Hotels, lodges, motel e.t.c Favourable climate i.e. warm sunshine, sunbathing ete Advertisement abroad. Political stability in Kenya and Tanzania. Favourable government policy. Availability of capital. e.t.c Problems facing the tourism industry in East Africa. Insecurity in some areas which have tourist attractions e.g. North Eastern Uganda (Kidepo National Park) There is increased poaching on various animals hence have reduced in number e.g. Rhinos. Destruction of the vegetation especially due to overgrazing. Diseases, which attack the animals. Few wardens and game rangers. Too many animals cause overgrazing e.g. elephants in Tsavo and Murchison falls National Parks. Inadequate capital for investment. Poor advertisement abroad. Encroachment in areas which have been gazetted for wildlife conservation. Embezzlement of funds Limited infrastructural development in these areas. e.t.c 2. (a) MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING NATIONAL PARKS AND OTHER TOURIST ATTRACTIONS. One tourist attraction found in Bwindi – mountain Gorilla, Birds, other animals and plants. Murchison falls N.P – Animals (elephants),Hippos/ kobs, birds, waterfalls, river Nile. Kidepo N.P - Animals e.g. elephants, lions, zebras, Giraffes e.t.c Factors that have contributed to the development of tourism in Uganda. Presence of a wide variety of tropical animals and birds. Presence of varied vegetation. Availability of varied physical feature i.e. rift valley, rivers and lakes, mountains e.t.c Hospitality of the Ugandans. Improved transport and communication. Improved accommodation. Political stability Advertising of tourist attractions abroad. Availability of capital. Favourable climate i.e. along the equator, Uganda has a hot climate almost throughout the year. Tour packages. Favourable government policy. (d) i) Five problems facing the tourist industry in Uganda. Poaching in the national parks. Political instability/insecurity in some areas. Poor advertising a broad. Inadequate accommodation facilities. Inadequate capital Limited infrastructure. Animal migration because of the wars. Overgrazing. Embezzlement of funds Diseases Competition. ii) Ways of solving the problems in d (ii) above; Renovate infrastructure and build new ones. Liberalising the tourist attraction. Establishment of educative and wildlife clubs. Mass computation on the improvement of tourism. Improving international relations /political climate. Strict antipollution laws. Disarming hostile tribes. Extensive advertising. Spraying tsetse infected areas. Activity .3 Sample questions Photograph interpretation. Photograph interpretation related to tourism (a) i). State the economic activity taking place in the area shown in this photograph. ii). Describe the vegetation in the foreground and background shown in the photograph in (a) i) above. (b). What alternative activities can be carried out on the type of vegetation shown in the photograph in (a) above. (c). Mention two factors favouring and two problems facing the economic activity shown in the photograph in (a) (i)above. (i) Explain the effects of the activity shown in the photograph on the environment (ii) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest an area in East Africa where this photograph could have been taken. Activity. 4 Pie charts and graphs. Using statistical data to draw the pie charts and graphs. (to be included) Country National park Attractions Uganda Bwindi Mt. Gorilla’s Queen Elizabeth - Blue monkeys - Chimpanzees - Hogs - Afro mountain rain forest. Kidepo - Lions, Giraffes, Zebras, Massive herds of Buffaloes, Elephants. - Bird species. Murchison falls - Elephants, water falls, Antelopes, Nile perch, Chimpanzees, Giraffes, Lions, Buffaloes, Crocodiles, Birds etc. Kenya Tsavo - Lions, Elephants, Giraffes, Wild- beasts, black rhinocerous, small grazing animals. Nakuru - Flamingos, Buffaloes, waterbuck, reedbucks, Impala, bush back, Hippopotamus. Amboseh Lions, Elephants, Cheetahs, Zebras, Eland, Water bu
Posted on: Wed, 30 Apr 2014 09:52:26 +0000
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