TU-160 Technical reference PART 2 In a literal sense the hub of a hinge plate of tail plumage became bottleneck: in the conditions of small construction height it was required to place hinges of fastening of tselnopovorotny part of Kiel and the stabilizer, and also the most powerful hydraulic actuators (by calculations, management of the multimeter planes of plumage demanded seven-ton efforts). Tu-160 became the first domestic serial heavy plane by which the electroremote control system which allowed to realize electronic stability with the flight centering close to the neutral is applied. As a result flying range increased, controllability improved, loads of crew in difficult situations decreased. The considerable attention paid to decrease in a radar and infrared visibility of the plane became other novelty aspect at design of a glider and the Tu-160 power plant. As main counter of a design of a bomber it is possible to consider changeable sweep of a wing (this constructive element, by the way, is applied and in the American analogs – V-1). Such decision allows to achieve, on the one hand, the minimum values of take-off and landing speed. During these maneuvers sweep is minimum – wings of the plane are divorced in the parties – and it, with all the weight, doesnt demand too extended runways (to it enough only 2,2 km on take-off and 1,8 km on landing). From other party, increase in sweep – wings are pressed to a fuselage – reduces aerodynamic resistance and allows to reach the maximum speed and to carry out supersonic flight. Of course, it is necessary to pay for all these conveniences: wings of planes with changeable sweep become heavier, they should be equipped with difficult mechanisms of turn so in modern planes the similar decision is seldom used. It is possible, to tell that Tu-160 and V-1 are an exception. Low located wings of swans can change sweep from 20 to 65 degrees. It allowed to make Tu-160 a multimode bomber, that is, capable to – and to supersonic flight: the elementary calculation shows that from Moscow the plane will reach Washington in 4 hours and without refueling. Tu-160 became nearly the first Soviet warplane at which creation the due attention was paid to ergonomics. At last requirements of the pilots who were earlier reconciled with the limited review from Tu-22 cabin were heard. By plane four NK-32 engines which are further development of a line of NK-144, NK-22 and NK-25 are installed. Initially the plane was planned only as a rocket carrier – the carrier of cruise missiles of big range with the nuclear BCh intended for blows to the vulgar purposes. Further modernization and extension of the nomenclature of mobile ammunition was provided. The strategic H-55SM cruise missiles consisting on arms of Tu-160 are intended for defeat of the stationary purposes with in advance set programmed coordinates which input is carried out in memory of the rocket before a bomber departure. Rockets will be stirred on two drum MKU-6-5U launchers on six pieces, in two cargo compartments of the plane. For defeat of the purposes at smaller range the aero ballistic hypersonic H-15S rockets can be a part of arms (24 rockets, on 12 on each MKU). The plane can be equipped with also svobodnopadayushchy bombs (to 40000 kg) various caliber, including nuclear, single bombing cartridges, sea mines and other arms. In the long term the structure of arms of a bomber is planned to strengthen significantly due to introduction to its structure of the high-precision cruise missiles of new generation of H-555 and H-101 having the increased range and both the strategic, and tactical land and sea targets intended for defeat practically of all classes. The first flight of Tu-160 made on December 18, 1981. Since then and until now it is produced by the Kazan KAPO of Gorbunov serially – in spite of the fact that in 1992 Boris Yeltsin declared curtailment of construction of such bombers, at the beginning of the 2000th works were resumed. Now on arms of the Air Force of Russia 16 Tu-160 consists. It even is less, than in совё time was available in the Air Force of Ukraine. However 10 from them were utilized, 1 it is placed in the museum, and eight are transferred to Russia on account of write-off of debts for gas to the sum for the sum of 285 million dollars.
Posted on: Sun, 21 Dec 2014 09:13:02 +0000
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