The Rise of Filipino Nationalism Factors: 1. Spread of - TopicsExpress



          

The Rise of Filipino Nationalism Factors: 1. Spread of Liberalism - Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in when Spain gradually exposed Philippine to international commerce. - The sons and daughters of the Principalia were able to attain education, thereupon giving then exposure to libertarian ideas. 2. Sentiments against the Principales – proportion of the local aristocracy to the broad masses. 3. Racial Prejudice - Inferior race, limited intelligence 4. Cultural changes - Ilustrados 5. Secularization Controversy - Council of Trent – secular priests appointed to parishes. But due to lack of sec. priests, Pope Pius V issued Exponi Nobis (1567) w/c allowed the regular clergy to serve as parish priests w/out diocesan auth. And be exempted from bishop’s auth. 6. Cavite Mutiny - 200 Filipino soldiers and dock warriors of Cavite mutinied and killed their Spanish officers led by Sergeant Lamadrid. 2 days after, he was executed together w/ 41 mutineers in Bagumbayan. - Some were exiled, hanged, and garroted. Propaganda movement In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto Zamora (Gomburza), all Filipino priest, was executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of subversion. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora was their alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. The death of Gomburza awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment among the Filipinos. They questioned Spanish authorities and demanded reforms. The martyrdom of the three priests apparently helped to inspire the organization of the Propaganda Movement, which aimed to seek reforms and inform Spain of the abuses of its colonial government. The illustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for reforms. Because of their education and newly acquired wealth, they felt more confident about voicing out popular grievances. However, since the illustrados themselves were a result of the changes that the Spanish government had been slowly implementing, the group could not really push very hard for the reforms it wanted. The illustrados did not succeeded in easing the sufferings of the Filipinos; but from this group arose another faction called the intelligentsia. The intelligentsia also wanted reforms; but they were more systematic and used a peaceful means called the Propaganda Movement. Goals of the Propaganda Movement Members of the Propaganda Movement were called propagandists or reformists. They worked inside and outside the Philippines. Their objectives were to seek: ▪ Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain ▪ Equal status for both Filipinos and Spaniards ▪ Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes ▪ Secularization of Philippine parishes. ▪ Recognition of human rights The Propaganda Movement never asked for Philippine independence because its members believed that once Spain realized the pitiful state of the country, the Spaniards would implement the changes the Filipinos were seeking. The Propagandists Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel,[1] was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was the second and last editor of the La Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform Movement in Spain.[2] Lopez Jaena was a brilliant orator who wrote such pieces as Fray Botod, Esperanza, and La Hija del Fraile, which all criticized the abuses of Spanish friars in the Philippines. Del Pilar was an excellent writer and speaker who put up the newspaper Diarion Tagalog in 1882. His favorite topic was the friars. Some of his most popular writings included Caiingat Cayo, Dasalan at Tocsohan, and Ang Sampung Kautusan ng mga Prayle. Caingat Cayo was a pamphlet answering the criticisms received by Jose Rizal’s novel Noli Me Tangere. Dasalan… was parody of the prayer books used by the Church, while Ang Sampung Kautusan… was a satirical take on the Ten Commandments, which highly ridiculed the Spanish friars. Jose Rizal was recognized as the great novelist of the Propaganda Movement. He was the first Filipino become famous for his written works. He wrote a poem entitled “Sa Aking mga Kababata” when he was only eight years old. His novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, clearly depicted the sufferings of the Filipinos and the rampant abuses committed by the friars in the colony. Because of his criticisms of the government and the friars, Rizal made a lot of enemies. He was executed at Bagumbayan (later renamed Luneta Park and now called Rizal Park) on December 30, 1896. La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europes universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the colony and Spain.[1] Headed by José Rizals cousin, Galicano Apacible, it also issued a newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar.[2] The newspaper published not only articles and essays about the economic, cultural, political, and social conditions of the country, but also current news, both local and foreign, and speeches of prominent Spanish leaders about the Philippines. • Dr. José Rizal (Laong Laan at Dimasalang) • Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel) • Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura) • Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog) • Mariano Ponce (Tikbalang,Kalipulako) • Jose Maria Panganiban (Jomapa)
Posted on: Sun, 20 Jul 2014 10:16:00 +0000

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