23 November 2013. Entry 4. Karay-a Pronunciation: Kinaray-a has at least one vowel phoneme not found in Hiligaynon- a short ‘o’ sound, such that found in the word ‘hu-od’ (yes in English). Kinaray-a usually uses the ‘r’ phoneme in lieu of the Hiligaynon ‘l’ phoneme. Due to the close similarity of Hiligaynon and Karay-a, most of the sample Visayan sentences, phrases, and words in this syllabus apply to both. In cases where they differ, words, phrases, and sentences specifically in Hiligaynon are labeled Hil or Hiligaynon. Sentences specifically in Karay-a are labeled Kar or Karay-a. If there are no labels, then it is assumed that they are the same for both Hiligaynon and Karay-a. Gender Form of Pronouns Pronouns in Hiligaynon and Karay-a do not distinguish between male and female gender. In other words, the same pronoun is used for both male and female. Demonstration: English: He, She = Sya (Hiligaynon) = Tana (Karay-a) English: His, Her = Iya (Hiligaynon) Ana (Karay-a) In order to determine what gender SYA or TANA and IYA or ANA is pertaining to, the listener has to deduce it from the context of the conversation. Contractions: When used conversationally, Hiligaynon and Karay-a commonly use contractions or silence certain letters and words. Because of these contractions, it may be difficult for a student who has learned these languages formally to comprehend them as actually spoken. A contraction will sometimes be denoted by a parenthesis in this work, with the words within the parenthesis remaining unpronounced. The most commonly used contractions are explained below: 1.Preceding word ends in a vowel + the particle NGA: Affix NG to the end of the preceding word. Example: Ang IMO NG(A) sapatos itom. = Ang IMONG sapatos itom. Sometimes NGA is silenced. Example: Ang IMO (NGA) sapatos itom. = Ang IMO sapatos itom. 2.Preceding word ends in a vowel + the topic marker ANG: Affix NG to the end of the preceding word. Example: ANO (A)NG natabo? = ANONG natabo? 3.Particles introducing an INDEFINITE THING are often left silent. (Hiligaynon) May ara sya (sing) libro. = May ara sya libro. (Karay-a) May dyan tana (i)t libro. = May dyan tanat libro. 4.Pronouns are wholly pronounced at the beginning of sentences but are commonly contracted when used in the middle or the end of a sentence. Examples: (NI)MO = MO (NA)KO(N) = KO Hiligaynon examples: (A)KO = KO = I (I)NI = NI = This (I)NA = NA = That (A)TO = TO = That; Over there DI(RI) = DI = Here D(IR)A = DA = There (DID)TO = TO = Over there (KI)TA = TA = We Karay-a: (TA)KO(N) = KO = I (RUD)TO = TO = Over there KI(TA), TA(TON) = TA We
Posted on: Thu, 28 Nov 2013 04:31:08 +0000
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