A lower GI endoscopy also called colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy allows your doctor to view the mucosal lining of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The procedure is used as a screening test in individuals with no symptoms or to help diagnose unexplained abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or change in bowel habits. It is capable of detecting inflammation, infections, ulcers, diverticulosis, intestinal narrowing, colorectal polyps, cancer, other problems that may be present. The procedure is performed using an endoscope which is a long thin flexible tube with the light and tiny video camera attached to the end. The camera transmits an image to the monitor. In the sigmoidoscopy, the endoscope only reaches to the top of the descending colon. In the colonoscopy, the endoscope reaches through the entire length of the colon to where it connects to the small intestine. Before colonoscopy, an intravenous line will be started and you will be offered pain medication and a sedative. Your blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen level in your blood will be monitored, and you may also receive oxygen through a nasal cannula during the procedure. The sigmoidoscopy does not usually require this kind of preparation or monitoring. The presence of the endoscope or the air may cause you to feel cramping or pressure and the need to pass gas. This is considered a normal part of the procedure, your doctor may ask you to change position slightly to help manipulate the endoscope more easily through the curve of your lower intestine. If you experience pain, tell your doctor immediately. In some cases, your doctor may find it is necessary to take a biopsy. A biopsy helps distinguish between benign and cancer tissue and may help to determine the cause of bleeding, infection, or diarrhea. Biopsies are often taken even when your doctor does not suspect cancer. If one or more polyps are discovered, your doctor will generally remove them in procedure called the polypectomy. He or she will usually use the snare to remove the polyp and then cauterize their bases to control bleeding. After the procedure, you will be monitored for about half an hour until the effect of any medications you have taken wear off. You will need to arrange for a ride home particularly after a full colonoscopy.
Posted on: Mon, 07 Jul 2014 14:35:16 +0000
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