Cash Flow Statement – Direct & Indirect Method Cash Flow Statement also known as Statement of Cash Flows is a statement which shows the Changes in the Cash Position of an organisation between 2 periods. Along with showing the changes in the Cash Position of an organisation, it also depicts the reasons for such change during the period. The main reason for the preparation of the Cash Flow Statement is that the Income Statement of an enterprise is always prepared on an Accrual Basis and it may show profits in the Income Statement but the Cash received out of these profits may be low to run the business or vice-versa. Preparation of Cash Flow Statement Cash Flows Statement is required to be prepared using International Accounting Standard 7 (or using the Accounting Standard 3 in India). While preparing the Cash Flow Statement, the cash flows during the period are classified into 3 major categories:- I. Cash Flow from Operating Activities (Direct Method/ Indirect Method) II. Cash Flow from Investing Activities III. Cash Flow from Financing Activities Classification by activities provides information that allows users to assess the impact of those activities on the financial position of the enterprise. This information also helps in evaluating the inter- relationships between these activities. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash Flows from operating Activities are primarily derived from the Principal Revenue-producing activities of the enterprise. There are 2 methods of preparing the Cash Flows from Operating Activities:- 1. Direct Method 2. Indirect Method 1. Cash Flow from Operating Activity- Direct Method While preparing the Cash Flow Statement as per Direct Method , Actual Cash Receipts from Operating Revenues and Actual Cash Payments for Operating Activities are arranged and presented in the Cash Flow Statement. The difference between Cash Receipts and Cash Payments is the Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities under the Direct Method. In other words, it is a Income Statement (Profit & Loss A/c) prepared on Cash Basis under the Direct Method. While preparing the Cash Flow Statement as per Direct Method, items like Depreciation, Amortisation of Intangible Assets , Preliminary Expenses , Debenture Discount etc are ignored from Cash Flow Statement since the Direct Method includes only Cash Transactions and Non-Cash Transactions are omitted. Likewise, no adjustment is made for Loss/Gain on the Sale of Fixed Assets and Investments while preparing the Cash Flow Statement as per the Direct Method. Format for Computation of Cash Flows from Operating Activities as per Direct Method Par Cash Receipts from Customers Cash Paid to suppliers and employe Cash generated from Operations Income Tax Paid Cash Flow before Extra-ordinary It Extra-ordinary items Net Cash from Op M 2. Cash Flow from Operating Activity – Indirect Method While preparing the Cash Flow Statement as per the Indirect Method , the Net Profit/Loss for the period is used as the base and then adjustments are made for items that affected the Income Statement but did not affect the Cash While preparing the Cash Flow Statement as per the Indirect Method, Non Cash and Non Operating charges in the Income Statement are added back to the Net Profits while Non-Cash & Non- Operating Credits are deducted to calculate the Operating Profit before Working Capital Changes. The Indirect Method of preparating of Cash Flow Statement is a partial conversion of accrual basis profit to Cash basis profit. Further, necessary adjustments are made for Increase/ Decrease in Current Assets and Current Liabilities to obtain Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities as per the Indirect Method. Format of Cash Flows from Operating Activities – Indirect Method Pa Net Profit before Tax and Extra-ord items Adjustments for - Depreciation - Foreign Exchange - Investments - Gain or Loss on Sale of Fixed Asse - Interest Dividend Operating Profit before Working Ca Changes Adjustments for - Trade and Other Receivables - Inventories - Trade Payable Cash generated from Operations - Interest Paid - Direct Taxes Cash before Extra-Ordinary Items Deferred Revenue Net Cash Flow fro (Indir II. Cash Flow from Investing Activities The activities of Acquisition and Disposal of Long Term Assets and other Investments not included in cash equivalents are Investing activities. Separate disclosure of Cash Flows arising from Investing Activities is important because the Cash Flows represent the extent to which expenditures have been made for resources intended to generate future income and cash flows. Format of Cash Flow from Investing Activities:- Particul Purchase of Fixed Assets (Add) Proceeds from Sale of Fixed (Add) Interest received (Add) Dividend received Net Cash Flow from I III. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Financing Activities are those activities which result in a change in the size and composition of owner’s capital and borrowing of the organisation. The separate disclosure of cash flows arising from financing activities is important because it is useful in predicting the claims on future cash flows by the providers of funds. Format of Cash Flow from Financing Activities:- Particul Proceeds from Issue of Share Capit Proceeds from Long Term Borrowin Repayment of Long Term Borrowin Interest Paid Dividend Paid Net Cash Flows from Fi The Comprehensive Format of the complete Cash Flow Statement is as follows:- Particulars Amount Cash flow from Operating Activities (Direct Method/ Indirect Method) xxx (Add) Cash Flow from Investing Activities xxx (Add) Cash Flow from Financing Activities xxx (=)Net Increase/ Decrease in Cash xxx (Add) Opening Balance of Cash & Cash Equivalents xxx (=) Closing Balance of Cash & Cash Equivalents xxx
Posted on: Tue, 18 Jun 2013 03:40:23 +0000
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