Chapter 3 War Words --------- We must keep our minds free from negative thoughts and for this reason, we must not make negative statements, such as I cant do that movement, which not only weakens us, but has a dispiriting effect on others. We must consider the effects of our expressions and actions upon others. If we speak to people in a discouraging manner, not only can it weaken them, but if we succeed in depressing others, this in turn poisons our own environment. This can then make us feel less than positive and vigorous. Soon, we may create a sort of vicious cycle through this kind of negative behaviour, and in fact, this is a frequent cause of lack of accord within a family or even whithin society as a whole. We must always use positive, encouraging words when addressing others. The title Haashkee (Hahashkee = Ha-ashkee) in Spanish is spelled: Jasquie. It is customary among most of the groups, especially among the Mimbreno [Ndee] and Gilano [Ndee] to prefix the title Jasquie to one who has made himself known for his daring and gallantry, which is the meaning of the aforementioned word (John, 1989, p.69). ...individuals who are `enraged (hashkee) are also irrational or `crazy (biniedih). In this condition, it is said, they forget who they are and become oblivious to what they say and do. Concomitantly, they lose all concern for the consequences of their action on other people. In a word, they are dangerous. Said one consultant, When people get mad, they get crazy. Then they start yelling and saying bad things. Some say they are going to kill somebody for what he has done. Some keep it up that way for a long time, maybe walk from camp to camp, real angry, yelling, crazy like that. They keep it up for a long time, some do. People like that dont know what they are saying, so you cant tell about them...He will be crazy, and he could try to kill you. Another Apache said, When someone gets mad at you and starts yelling...he may just get worse and try to hurt you. (WESTERN APACHE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: ESSAYS IN LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY, Keith H. Basso, 1990, The University of Arizona Press, pp. 88-90) The Ndee nation can be divided into Eastern and Western. The Western has tribes named Tonto. Tonto is Spanish for Fool, Stupid, Silly, Dolt, Dumb, Clown, Mischievous, Restless, and Idiot. The Spanish spelling of the Apache/Navajo name for the Tontos is Vinniettinen-ne. Table 1 Tonto Spanish Navajo Apache English ------- ------ ------- Vinni Bini Brain; the Spanish used Navajo interpreters (Moorhead, 1976, pp. 177, 180, 182) from the Canoncito band ([Dinee Anai] = Navajo Enemy), V and B are equivalent (DINE: A HISTORY OF THE NAVAJOS, Peter Iverson, 2002, University of New Mexico Press, pp. 18 and 29) etti edih dead/missing nen-ne nnee people/Apache Ndee people/Apache dine people/Navajo dene people/Navajo Vinniettinen-ne Bi-ne-e-dine Brains-Dead-People Brains-Missing-People Brainsless-People No-Brains-People Dead-Brains-People Missing-Brains-People People-Missing-Brains Biniadih He-is-insane Biniedih He-is-crazy Tonto, Haashkee, and Warrior are equivalent. A more accurate explanation of the name Tonto in 1791 may be that the Navajo interpreters working for the Spaniards were refering to the Mojave and related tribes. In that case, the name Tonto would indicate that the Navajo could not understand these unusual kinds of Apache. To the Navajo, the Mojave, Yavapai, Mojave-Apache, Yavapai-Apache, Southern Tonto, Northern Tonto, and Payson Tonto were code talkers or talking gibberish and wearing funny loincloths and skirts. Maybe, one or more of the Navajo interpreters had been brought East by their new Spanish blood brothers to meet the Great White Father in Madrid, Spain, where they also attended a circus, saw clowns, and adopted a whole new way of thinking about others. Then the Navajo knew everything (if you dont believe me, just ask the Hopi). When they got back they were so smart that for the next 150 years they didnt need to write down anything (How Those Navajo Got So Smart; variants appear in Those Navajo Travel to the `Great White House of the Sun (East = Black = Death), Coyote Brings Back Death, and Navajo are Like Coyotes). Table 2 Ways of Thinking Old Way of Thinking New Way of Thinking (Dualism) -------------------- ---------------------------------------- What can we learn Civilized Europeans | Savages from our neighbors | and what do we have Peaceful Europeans | Enemies to share with them? | (Love your neighbor Generous Europeans | Useless as yourself.) | Eaters | Rich Europeans | Trespassers | and Thieves | on the land | over all of | which our God | gave us | dominion | Educated and | Clowns Intelligent Europeans | and | Idiots (The love of tools is the root of all evil.) * Connor, Steve Is it natural for humans to make war? New study of tribal societies reveals conflict is an alien concept independent.co.uk/news/science/is-it-natural-for-humans-to-make -war-new-study-of-tribal-societies-reveals-conflict-is-an-alien-concept -8718069.html * Western religion is all about going back to basics. The Chiricahua Ndee later applied the name Tonto to the White Mountain Apache Tribe (W. M. A. T.; Mountain White It-lies (a bulky object) Apache = Dzil Ligai Siaani Ndee) and other nearby tribes because of the hostility between the Chiricahua and those tribes. The existance of the tribes of Mojave-Apache, Yavapai-Apache, and Payson Tonto Apache, the use by the Western Apache of the Mojave loincloth and maybe, apron as well, and the practice of the Western Apache of fencing with their spears like the Mojave Stick Men, (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2007: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., v. 8, p. 226; also see p. 150, MYTHS AND TALES OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE, Grenville Goodwin, with a New Preface by Tribal Chairman Ronnie Lupe and a New Forward by Elizabeth A. Brandt, Bonnie Lavender-Lewis, and Philip J. Greenfeld, 1994, The University of Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.), indicate that the name Tonto was a misunderstanding on the part of the Navajo interpreters; with a little help from their friends, the Gileno Apache. On the 1791 map, the Tonto (Ndee) are actually the Mohave and related tribes. The Gileno are the San Carlos Ndee, Southern Tonto Ndee, Northern Tonto Ndee, Cibicue Ndee, Eastern Dzil Ligai Siaani Ndee, Payson Tonto Ndee, and Western Dzil Ligai Siaani Ndee (Coyotero). The Navajo name for the Gileno Ndee is Tju-Iccujen-ne and their name for the Mimbreno Ndee is Iccujen-ne: Table 3 Den-ne jen-ne = den-ne dene dine din = this one/this person -ne = -nee = we/us -n = nominalizer (indicating a person) and/or you -e = -i = indefinate pronoun, somebody, something, and/or I Cu = ku = here and ike = last. Tju and/or Tu = Water; in this case the Rio Gila. The Ndee used these names themselves. Therefore, the Ndee name of the Gileno Ndee (Western Apache) means Last People Here at the Rio Gila and the Ndee name of the Mimbreno Ndee means Last People Here. Geronimo (GoyaaLe = He-is-Wise-Let-it-be-so) indicated that his tribe was the Mimbreno and the name of the Mimbreno was At the Front at the End People (Bedonkohe). However, these tribal designations were not used by the Ndee before the Spaniards showed up with their new Spanish blood brothers, those Navajo interpreters. The word Ndee and/or Ndee may be a corruption of the European word India and/or Indian. The name used by the Apache for themselves may have been Jen-ne (Dene and/or Dine), the same as the Navajo. The names Ndee, Ndee, Ndaa, and Ndaa used by the Spanish and their new blood brothers to indicate their Apache enemies are titles of honour that should be used by anyone and everyone who consider themselves to be the Apache Resistance. The Mimbreno (Iccujen-ne = Last People Here) may be a branch of the Gileno (Last People Here at the Rio Gilo). The Gileno are likely a branch of the Navajo. The Mimbreno (Iccujen-ne) included a Southern band (that of Nantan GoyaaLe) and a Northern band (the Chihenna = Out-of-Life, The-Dead, and/or Warm Spring (Ojo Caliente), that of Nantan Victorio (BidaYu = At-the-Edge-of-It = At the boundary between life and death) Why is it that the Ndaa want to die - that they carry their lives on their finger nails? They roam over the hills and plains and want the heavens to fall on them. Asked Nantan Cochise (Big Oak Tree; Co = Cho = Big, Chise = Chichil Bitsin; Chichil = Oak and Bitsin = Stem of plant;). (Boyer and Gayton, 1992, p. 57) According to Cremony (1983, p. 243), in the 1880s, the Apache resistance consisted of the Southern and Northern (Chihenna) bands of the Iccujen-ne; the Chiricahua tribe of Nantan Naiche (Natsiditsii = He Stirs It), and the Nedni (Enemy People) band of Nantan Juh (Who and/or (Whoa; Tan-Din-Bil-No-Jui = He-Brings-Many-Things-With-Him) of the Jicarilla tribe, the members of whom in June 1876 elected Juh (Jui) as Nantan. This tribe of the Apache resistance called themselves Shis-Inday (I\We-Enemy) and Forest People. According to Bray (2002, p. xvi) there are no sounds in the English language to represent the double aa of Ndaa and Ndaa nor the double ee of Ndee or Ndee. The single a is pronounced like a in father and the single e is like the e in get. But, the single a is closer in sound to the a in day than is the single e and Inday means Enemy, rather than People. Table 4 Vowels Broad Vowels Narrow Vowels ------------ ------------- a e o i u GoyhaaLe equated the words Apache and Enemy in his autobiography, as did an Ndee (Ndaa) in 1970 (Goodwin and Goodwin, 2000, p. 234). The tribe of Nantan Tan-Din-Bil-No-Jui was named: Nde-Nda-I (Enemy People = Nedni). The Navajo interpreters recorded the name of the Jicarilla (Farones in Spanish) as Yntajen-ne. As cited above: jen-ne = den-ne = dene = dine = people Ynta means: Ndaa and/or Ndaa = Enemy. Yntajen-ne means Enemy People. According to the Spanish, the Plains Ndee, which included the Jicarilla, were in the area of the tribe of Nantan Tan-Din-Bil-No-Jui who lived around the borders of present-day Sonora, Republic of Mexico (Mexico); Chihuahua, Mexico, and Arizona, U.S.A. The power or medicine named: NdaakeoNdee and/or Ndaa-keh-ho-Ndi (Enemies-Against-Power People) may have originated with the Jicarilla (Yntajen-ne = NdaaNdee = Enemy People). The Apache Resistance against the European genocide began in the area of the present-day Jicarilla Reservation around the border of New Mexico and Colorado. NdaakeoNdee (Enemies Against Power People) would be what those Apaches were and that which they had. When the Ndee went to war, they used a war vocabulary in place of everyday speech. They also did not use their regular names for themselves. For example, Nantan GoyaaLe (Goyakla) rearranged the syllables in his name and went by the name of GoLeyaa (Goklaya) during war. The existance of two names for many Ndee has greatly vexed anthropologists for more than 100 years. The Nantan of the Mimbreno (Southern) was Mangus Colorado (Red Sleeves; Kan-da-zis-tlish-ish-en and/or Kan-Da-zis-Tlish-en: Kan = Gaan (Bitsid Tiye) = Purple Crown Holy-Person and/or Gaandeyu = Purple Holy-Person (The Clown and/or The Grey One), Da-zis = Daa iltsog = it was yellow (past), Tlish = Hishtlish = Brown, ish = Shis = I and/or I am, and En = person). His Ndee name was Gaandeyu (and/or Gaan-Bitsid Tiye)-Daa iltsog-Hishtlish-Ish-en = Purple-Holy-Person (The Clown, and/or The Grey One) (and/or Purple Crown Holy dancer Yellow-Brown I-am-Dancer. Nantan Gaandeyu-Daa iltsog-Hishtlish-Ish-En would seem to have gone by the name of Kan-Da-zis-Tlish-en during war. The Ndee were very close to the Spaniards, geographically and economically, among other ways, and Spanish was a second language. The Spaniards also used interpreters among the Ndee who were more spies than translators. The Ndee developed code-talking in order to fool the Spaniards and their new Ndee blood brothers (translators). The Spaniards tried to counter this by giving the Ndee Spanish names. When the Americans concentrated the Ndee on reservations because of Manifest Destiny, they tried to stay on top of the situation by tattooing or branding the Ndee on their foreheads and issuing them dog-tags that they were forced to show on ration day in order recieve the garbage that their new Great White Father called food. * The Apache Kid (Has-kay-Bay-nay-ntayl; Has-kay = Haashkee = Angry and/or Warrior, Bay-nay = Bine = He is, Nteel = Wide. Haashkee Bine Nteel = Warrior He is Extremely) was tattooed or branded with a W on his fore-head, meaning Warrior, . He was probably extremely pissed off as well. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Posted on: Sun, 23 Mar 2014 23:10:30 +0000
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