Electrical appliances Page: 12Next We can calculate the amount of electrical energy transferred by an appliance and how much it costs to run. This is useful for comparing the advantages and disadvantages of using different electrical appliances for a particular purpose. Electrical energy calculations The amount of electrical energy transferred to an appliance depends on its power and the length of time it is switched on. The amount of mains electrical energy transferred is measured in kilowatt-hours, kWh. One unit is 1 kWh. E = P × t E is the energy transferred in kilowatt-hours, kWh P is the power in kilowatts, kW T is the time in hours, h. Note that power is measured in kilowatts here instead of the more usual watts. To convert from W to kW you must divide by 1,000. For example, 2,000 W = 2,000 ÷ 1,000 = 2 kW. Also note that time is measured in hours here, instead of the more usual seconds. To convert from seconds to hours you must divide by 3,600. For example, 7,200 s = 7,200 ÷ 3,600 = 2 h. Example calculation A 2 kW electrical fire is switched on for 3 hours. It uses 2 × 3 = 6 kWh of electrical energy. Joules, watts and seconds You also use the equation E = P × t when: E is the energy transferred in joules, J P is the power in watts, W T is the time in seconds, s. For example, a 20 W lamp lit for 100 seconds transfers 20 × 100 = 2,000 J (2 kJ). Page: 12Next
Posted on: Sun, 31 Aug 2014 08:19:51 +0000
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