For interview....... questions...... INFLATION Jab market me money supply bad jaati hai to isse inflation kehte hain. Inflation me good and services k price increase ho jaate hain and money ki monetary value decrease ho jaati hai. Money incrs( demand incrs(price incrs(good and servcs shrtge( require employees to meet the demand. REASON OF INFLATION 1.incremnt in financial income 2. decrement in production. 1.explaination( a.employment scheme start ho jaaye b.pay commission lag jaaye. c.decrease in taxes. d.RBI monetary policy k rate of interest down kar de and loan maaf ho jaaye. 2.explaination( a.increase in population b.natural clamities c.shortage in market. STAGE OF INFLATION 1.creeping( 0-2% 2.walking( 2-4% 3.running(4-8% 4.galloping( 8% + Inflation ki primary stage me employment ,industry and trade me increase hota hai. Inflation ki secondary stage developing countries k liye better maani jaati hai. Inflation ki third stage developed countries k liye better hoti hai. TYPE OF INFLATION 1.Demand pull inflation( Kab kisi product ki market me demand bad jaaye to iski wajah se aane waale inflation ko demand pull inflation kaha jaata hai. 2.Cost push inflation( Jab kisi product ka raw material mehnga ho jaaye to iski wajah se aane wale inflation ko cost push inflation kaha jaata hai. EFFECTS OF INFLATION Goods and services k price increase ho jaate hain. Inflation me employment increase hota h(explained abv). Money ki monetary value down ho jaati hai. Inflation me borrower profot me hota hai and lender loss me, Reason( cz market me paisa hota h to borrower k pass choice hoti h jow low interest le,use borrow kr ske. 5.inflation me richer becomes richer and poor becomes poorer. DEFLATION Inflation ki opposite situation ko deflation kaha jaata hai. Deflation me goods and services ki price decrease ho jaati hai and money ki monetary value increase ho jaati hai. Deflation me sabse jyda profit fixed income walo ko hota hai. Deflation ko control karne k liye government of india market me FISCAL PACKAGE deti hai and RBI apne monetary policy k rate of interest decrease kr deti hai,isse market me money suplly badh jaati hai aur isse REFLATION kaha jaata hai jab RBI and GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,market me inflation ko control kare aur inflation control ho jaaye ,iske saath saath employment me b increase ho,to iss situation ko DISFLATION kaha jata h. jab RBI and GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,inflation ko control kre aur inflation control na ho paaye to isse, SUPPRESSED INFLATION kaha jaata hai. jab RBI and GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,market me inflation ko control kare aur inflation control na ho paaye ,iske saath saath unemployment me b increase ho,to iss situation ko STAGFLATION kaha jata h. STAGFLATION ki opposite stage ko DISFLATION kaha jaata hai. Inflation aur deflation ki mixed stage ko STAGFLATION kaha jaata hai. Kisi bhi economy k liye na to inflation accha hai na to deflation ,lekin dono me inflation jyda better hai. INDIA me inflation ko WPI(WHOLE SALE PRICE INDEX) se measure kiya jaata hai,iska base year 2004-05 hai,aur isme total 676 products rakhe gye hain h. Jinme 555 manufacturing ke aur 102—retail ke and 19 fuel k hain DEVELOPED countries me inflation ko CPI(CONSUMER PRICE INDEX) se measure karte hain. FISCAL POLICY (iske dwara govt. of india .INDIAN ECONOMY ko control karti hai. (Inflation ki condition me ye Direct tax me Increase karti hai aur Deflation me Direct tax me Decrease karti hai. MONETARY POLICY (iske dwara RBI ,Indian Economy ko control karti hai. (Inflation l case me ye apni rate of interest Increase kr deti hai,aur Deflation ko control karne k liye apne rate of interest decrease kr deti hai. BANK RATE(BR) Ve rate of interest jisse RBI,commercial banks ko 90 ya(or)90 days se jyada k liye loan provide karata hai,use bank rate kaha jaata hai.is par milne wala loan LONG TERM LOAN kaha jaata hai.iski rate abhi 10.25% chal rhi h. REPO RATE(RR) Ve rate of interest jisse RBI,commercial banks ko maximum 89 ya(or) 89 days se kam dino k liye loan provide karata h,use repo rate kaha jaata hai.is pr milne wala loan SHORT TERM LOAN kaha jaata hai. Iski rate abhi 7.25% chl rhi h. MSF(MARGINAL STANDING FACILITY) Ve rate of interest jisse RBI,commercial banks ko 1din ka urgent loan provide karwati h use MSF kaha jaata h. Yah currently repo rate se(15july2013) 3% or 300 base points jyda hoti h. And iss par milne wala loan ,total bank deposit ka 2% ho sakta hai. Currently 10.25% hai. RRR(REVERSE REPO RATE) Ve rate of interest jisse bank apni ACCESS MONEY ko RBI k pass deposit karte hai,use RRR kehte hain. Yah present 6.25% chl rhi h. LAF(LIQUIDITY ADJUSTMENT FACILITY) Jab RBI repo rate / reverse repo rate k dwara market me liquidty ko control karti hai,to use liquidity adjustment facility kaha jaata hai. OMO(OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS) (KHULE BAZZAR Ki KRIYA) Jab RBI , government securities k dwara market me liquidty ko control karta hai,to use OPEN MARKET OPERATION kaha jaata hai. CRR(CASH RESERVE RATIO) jab commercial bank apni net demand and term liabilities ka ek fixed part ,RBI k pass cash k form me rakhta h to use CRR kehte hai. Min. limit(3% Max limit( 20% Current(4% Net demand and term liabilities( demand and term liability me wo amount aata h like bank me customer ne paisa jama karaya ,to wo customer ka asset hua,and bank ko use pay krna h to wo bank ki liability hui. Demand wale me saving account and current account the, nd term me fd(fixed deposit),rd(recurring deposit) the h. Will expln account later….. (CRR par RBI commercial bank ko koi interest nahi deta hai (bank second and fourth Friday ko CRR maintain karta hai. SLR(STATUTATORY LIQUIDTY RATIO) Jab koi FINANCIAL INSTITUTION apni net demand and term liabilities ka ek fixed percent part apne pass cash,gold,govt.security,equity share ki from me rakhta hai,to use SLR kehte hain. (SLR ki min.limit end kr di hai. Max. limit-40% Present-23% h,as per RBI,(keep checking updates) (bank slr ko second and fourth Friday ko maintain karta hai. Jab CRR and SLR me decrease kar diya jaata hai,to market me liquidty increase ho jaati hai. And jab increase kar diya jaata hai to liquidity decrease ho jaati hai. REASON(CRR OR SLR decrease hoga to banks ko RBI k pass kam paise rakhne pdenge,banks k pass paisa aaega,paisa aaega to wo customers ko more loan provide karaegi ,so customers k pass paisa(money) aaegi,customer k pass aaegi matlb market me aaegi,dat means market me money increase hogi,liquidity badhegi. CAR(CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO) (jab bank RISK ko cover karne k liye,apni net demand and term liabilities ka ek fixed part apne pass rakhta hai,to isse CAR kehte hai. (CAR ki recommendation BASEL COMMITTEE ne ki thi. (CAR==CAPITAL/RISK BASEL COMMITTEE( Yah ek international committee h jisse 1980 me establish kiya gaya tha. Basel Switzerland me ek place hai,jaha 28 countries k central bank k governors ki meeting hui thi. Ye committee bank me reform se related hai. BASEL-1 ki reposrt 1988 me aayi thi aur usme kaha gaya tha ki sabhi banks ko 8-12% CAR maintain karna hoga.,lekin INDIA me banks ne BASEL-1 ko follow karne se mana kar diya. Iske liye 1991 me NARSIMHAN COMMITTEE ko form kiya gya,jisne ye kaha ki jo bank BASEL-1 ko follow nahi krega,use RBI dwara di jaane wali sufidhaye band kar di jaengi. (4sep1993-ko new bank of india ko issi karan pnb me merge kar diya gya) BASEL-2 ki report 2004 me aayi,isme 3 recommendation tho,jisse BASEL-2 k 3 PILLARS kaha jaata hai. 1.CAR==CAPITAL/RISK 2.SUPERVISORY REVIEW Bank me time-time par inspection honge jo 2 type k honge. a.INTERNAL ( isse bank khud conduct karata hai,isse ICAAP(Internal capital adequacy assessment process) kaha jaata hai. b.EXTERNAL(isse RBI dwara conduct karaya jaata hai,isse SREP(supervisory review and evolutionary process) kaha jaata hai. 3.MARKET DISCIPLINE 3 types(>> a.CREDIT RISK( bank apne aise kisi customer ko loan nahi provide karati hai,jo use rok le,use credit risk kehte hain. b.OPERATIONAL RISK( Mismanagement k karan bank k business me kami hoti hai to isse operational risk kaha jaata hai.
Posted on: Mon, 19 Jan 2015 18:28:28 +0000
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