Global Garbage Newsletter for June 13, 2014 Marine litter (marine debris) and plastic pollution *** Maria Cristina Fossi, Michael H. Depledge, Do plastics pose a threat to marine environment and human health? The use of large vertebrates as a sentinels of the marine ecosystem, Marine Environmental Research, Available online 13 June 2014, ISSN 0141-1136, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.06.001. (sciencedirect/science/article/pii/S0141113614001081) Note to users: Accepted manuscripts are Articles in Press that have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of this publication. They have not yet been copy edited and/or formatted in the publication house style, and may not yet have the full ScienceDirect functionality, e.g., supplementary files may still need to be added, links to references may not resolve yet etc. The text could still change before final publication. Although accepted manuscripts do not have all bibliographic details available yet, they can already be cited using the year of online publication and the DOI, as follows: author(s), article title, Publication (year), DOI. Please consult the journals reference style for the exact appearance of these elements, abbreviation of journal names and use of punctuation. When the final article is assigned to an volumes/issues of the Publication, the Article in Press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published volumes/issues of the Publication. The date the article was first made available online will be carried over. *** Sunwook Hong, Jongmyoung Lee, Daeseok Kang, Hyun-Woo Choi, Sun-Hwa Ko, Quantities, composition, and sources of beach debris in Korea from the results of nationwide monitoring, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Available online 12 June 2014, ISSN 0025-326X, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.051. (sciencedirect/science/article/pii/S0025326X14003427) Abstract: This study assessed the levels of marine debris pollution and identified its main sources in Korea. The surveys were bimonthly conducted by NGO leaders and volunteers on 20 beaches from March 2008 to November 2009. The quantities of marine debris were estimated at 480.9 (±267.7) count ⋅ 100 m−1 for number, 86.5 (±78.6) kg ⋅ 100 m−1 for weight, and 0.48 (±0.38) m3 ⋅ 100 m−1 for volume. The level of marine debris pollution on the Korean beaches was comparable to that in the coastal areas of the North Atlantic ocean and South Africa. Plastics and styrofoam occupied the majority of debris composition in terms of number (66.7%) and volume (62.3%). The main sources of debris were fishing activities including commercial fisheries and marine aquaculture (51.3%). Especially styrofoam buoy from aquaculture was the biggest contributor to marine debris pollution on these beaches. Keywords: Marine debris; Beach monitoring; Quantity; Composition; Source; Korea Note to users: Corrected proofs are Articles in Press that contain the authors corrections. Final citation details, e.g., volume and/or issue number, publication year and page numbers, still need to be added and the text might change before final publication. Although corrected proofs do not have all bibliographic details available yet, they can already be cited using the year of online publication and the DOI , as follows: author(s), article title, Publication (year), DOI. Please consult the journals reference style for the exact appearance of these elements, abbreviation of journal names and use of punctuation. When the final article is assigned to an volumes/issues of the Publication, the Article in Press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published volumes/issues of the Publication. The date the article was first made available online will be carried over. *** eepurl/WcPPX CleanSea Newsletter #2. June 2014 *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/197 Marine bacteria are able to colonize plastic litter, but are they also able to have plastic for lunch? The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) in Belgium is investigating the marine bacteria which are able to colonize and survive in the grooves and cracks on the surface of plastic litter collected in the seawater and on beaches. Innovative techniques are used for the identification of the bacteria to obtain a global view on the microbial communities living on plastic debris. Floating through the seawater, plastic debris is able to transport bacteria and other invasive species through the oceans. *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/196 Could microplastics act as a vector for plastic-associated chemicals such as PCBs through the marine ecosystem? These days, it is well known that chemical additives in plastic litter will leach out the plastic debris when the plastic is exposed to the salt seawater. In turn, plastic litter and microplastics tend to accumulate organic pollutants such as PCBs and pesticides from the marine environment. Depending on the occurrence, size, density, shape, colour and biofouling, plastic particles could be ingested by marine organisms when mistaken as food. So, the adsorbed pollutants on microplastics may provide an additional risk for the marine ecosystem when plastic particles are ingested. *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/195 Identification of plastics by hyperspectral imaging CleanSea is addressing the interpretation of spectroscopic and image data of plastics gathered in laboratory scale by using multivariate hyperspectral image analysis methods. Samples have been selected by adding different but common polymers found in litter. In a later stage also mixtures of plastic and algae have been analyzed. The spectroscopy methods have been chosen in a multi-modality mode, using various spectroscopic measurements ranging in wavelengths from 350 to 2500 nm. The response of the measurements is the quality and usefulness of spectra. Usefulness related to quantification of the amount of plastic material in the mixture and qualitative determination of the plastic type is two responses which are expected to interact. After a thorough examination of the results the CleanSea team will choose an experimental design which takes into account the factors and responses and the laboratory scale measurements will simulate what we expect in real sea water filtrates. Multivariate imaging techniques in combination with ‘statistical data mining’ have successfully been used for the identification of plastics using well calibrated multivariate models. *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/194 Why is polymer analysis important to learn on impacts and sources? We know that marine litter may consist of different plastic materials behaving differently in the water column as well as acting as a vector for surface active hydrophobic organic pollutants. Fouling of debris, accumulation of biofilms and colonization with algae and invertebrates may cause it to sink. Macro- and microplastics are bioavailable to many benthic organisms and plankton, the key organisms of the marine food web, ingested by species further up the food chain. Plastic particles will accumulate in the stomachs and gut of fish acting as prey for a number of seabird species. The understanding of the composition of marine litter will greatly improve our prospects to understand i) the fate the plastic particles will have in the oceans, ii) identify sources of marine litter, iii) the capabilities to emit and attract pollutants to their surface, iv) harmful effects on marine organisms by ingestion. By applying sophisticated analytical methodology, as Direct Analyses in Real-Time- mass spectrometry (DART-MS), the polymeric identity of even small particles can be determined, filling knowledge gaps on plastic types mostly ingested, found on beaches, water masses etc. By analyzing the same plastic particles for adsorbed environmental pollutants, the understanding of the potential endangerment of marine organisms improves greatly as well as the identification of sources to marine litter. *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/193 On-going developments on micro plastics modelling in the North Intense maritime commerce together with highly industrialized activities in the coastal zone enhance the economic importance of the North Sea. However, the external stress caused by human actions affects the ecosystem functioning. Plastics, in particular, are an increasing source of pollution in the marine environment, influencing the quality of the North Sea water. As water quality is crucial for biological productivity and abundance of species, many questions arise: How can the micro plastics effect be quantified? Which areas are the most impacted? How are the micro plastics coming from different sources propagated in the sea environment? *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/192 Research on plastics on Romanian seabed Although no national or regional programs are in place to monitor seabed litter in Romania, the National Pelagic and Demersal Fish Species Status Evaluation Program, which uses sampling trawling, allowed the National Institute for Marine Research and Development (NIMRD) to collect and assess types and quantities of marine litter on the seabed on a voluntary basis (starting 2011 and 2012). In 2013, with the launching of CleanSea, the NIMRD has got the opportunity to address a new research direction to marine litter monitoring and its impacts and drivers. In this context NIMRD is increasing efforts to conduct surveys with sampling bottom trawl for demersal fish stock assessment to monitor waste (solid or emulsion) reaching the sea from different sources (vessel traffic, oil wells, fishing activity etc.). *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/191 Economic instruments and marine litter control CleanSea is placing efforts into exploring the great potential to reduce the amount of marine litter through a combination of market-based instruments (environmental taxes, direct payments, deposit-refund schemes etc). A comprehensive up-to-date review of the literature (co-authored by Frans Oosterhuis, Elissaios Papyrakis and Bejamin Boteler) assesses the cost of implementation, level of effectiveness as well as indirect environmental and socio-economic effects (externalities) that may arise as a result of the implementation of such instruments. The evidence points to an overall beneficial impact of environmental taxes in terms of reduced plastic bag use (and a corresponding low cost of implementation). In the same vein, deposit-refund schemes can achieve high return rates for bottles although at a relatively high cost (especially when the scheme targets a wide range of packaging types). The effectiveness of economic instruments often depends on consumer and producer response to price signals and political support. Many of the instruments create additional effects (in the form of competitiveness and revenues loss) that can influence their acceptability by the industry. *** cleansea-project.eu/drupal/?q=en/node/190 Management measures and policy options to reduce marine litter Researchers representing the four regional sea basins have finalized their first deliverable that analyses institutional and legal gaps and barriers to achieving GES in relation to marine litter. The report concludes that waste prevention is not coming off the ground and littering remains a persistent problem for various reasons.On a regional scale, a broad variation among the approaches and strategies developed under Regional Seas conventions has been identified with many of them suffering from limited financial resources. The fact that marine litter crosses institutional and administrative departments and funding infrastructures is seen as a challenge to management within these conventions. At a national level, adequate institutional frameworks, waste management planning and state of the art waste management infrastructure were identified in most Member States. Initiatives implementing extended producer responsibility and corporate social responsibility are generating positive contributions in addition. However, major weaknesses are the lack of specific targets and timetables, governmental funding and staff limitations, observed practically across the board. The report also identifies good practices and outlines draft policy recommendations which will be further assessed and developed in the next phase of the project. *** jean.jp/en/ Marine Litter News from East Asia Civil Forum on Marine Litter The East Asia Civil Forum on Marine Litter was established in October 2009 at the Marine Litter Summit in Shimonoseki, Japan. The Forum is composed of NGOs from Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. We welcome more participation form other NGOs from east countries. This news is editted by Sunwook Hong (OSEAN/South Korea). Please downroad the following pdf files . Marine Litter News Vol.5(1)(2014) (pdf/3.1MB) Marine Litter News Vol.4(2)(2013) (pdf/2.4MB) Marine Litter News Vol.4(1)(2013) (pdf/2.2MB) Marine Litter News Vol.3(2)(2012) (pdf/2.9MB) jean.jp/en/marinelitternews/MLN_5_1.pdf jean.jp/en/marinelitternews/MLN_4_2.pdf jean.jp/en/marinelitternews/MLN_4_1.pdf jean.jp/en/marinelitternews/MLN_3_2.pdf *** cafe.naver/osean/1403 PDF file of a Leaflet: Please save Black-faced Spoonbills from fishing debris May 22, 2014 Dr. Yong Chang Jang Researcher at the Korea Marine Litter Institute / Our Sea of East Asia Network, Inc. On the Day of Biodiversity, the Korea Marine Litter Institute prepared a leaflet, Please save Black-faced Spoonbills from fishing debris. We thank Korea Waterbirds Network for sharing the information and Mr. Ji Hoon Si, who designed this leaflet. ozmailer/fcso/downLoad.php?fileNo=1145640&mail_no=5429446&email=loveseakorea@empas *** youtu.be/jh7ns2TjP6Y Save Black-faced Spoonbills from leisure fishing debris Published on 4 Jun 2014 This video of Please save Black-faced Spoonbills from recreational fishing debris was launched on May 22, the International Day for Biological Diversity, 2014. The Black-faced Spoonbill, Platalea minor, is an internationally endangered species, with its population less than 3,000 as of 2014. It is astonishing that this vulnerable bird is damaged not only from coastal development and pollution, but also from leisure fishing debris such as fishing lines and hooks. We suggested changes of human actions needed to protect this beautiful bird from marine debris at the end of this video. More information can be seen at the websites of Waterbirds Network Korea (cafe.daum.net/WNKorea) and Korea Marine Litter Institute (osean.net). You can contact Dr. Yong Chang Jang (yongchangjang@hotmail) for any question. We are sorry for a picture of European Spoonbill included by mistake. youtube/user/anandayongchang *** doeni.gov.uk/marine_litter_strategy.htm Marine Litter Watch Marine Litter Watch is the newsletter of the Marine Litter Strategy. The new edition, Issue 3 (.pdf 3.18MB)Opens in a new window. is out now, with the latest news and events on the work going on to improve our marine environment. Articles focus on the Marine Stewardship Fund, Marine Litter Reporting and the opportunities for marine litter management of local government reform. Plus an update from the winners of the European Marine Litter Video Competition from Assumption Grammar School. Issue 2 (.pdf 1MB)Opens in a new window., published in March 2014, contains articles on the introduction of a Fishing for Litter scheme, enforcement of anti-littering and dog foul laws, the Loughs Agency Riverwatch centre and programme, NI Waters investment to improve coastal infrastructure and details of upcoming events. doeni.gov.uk/marine-litter-newsletter-issue3-may-2014.pdf doeni.gov.uk/marine_litter_newsletter_issue_2_march_2014.pdf doeni.gov.uk/marine_litter_watch-edition_1.pdf *** mcsuk.org/what_we_do/Clean+seas+and+beaches/Pollution+and+litter+problems/Marine+Litter+Action+Network Marine Litter Action Network - a kickstart to finding lasting solutions on ocean rubbish Delegates at yesterdays (June 3rd 2014) inaugural meeting of the MCS-led Marine Litter Action Network have grasped the challenge to take just a year to make a difference and come up with solutions to what European Environment Commissioner, Janez Potočnik, called a symbol of our resource inefficient economy - marine litter. Although not at the conference in person, Commissioner Potočnik, had recorded a message to delegates in which he told representatives from the packaging and plastics industries, conservation organisations, litter charities, fisheries organisations, dive groups and the Environment Agency among others, that marine litter was unacceptable and the need to act was now. *** leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml;jsessionid=48f9e825126cae0af4926b4ab3c8?bill_id=201320140AB1699 AB-1699 Waste management: microplastics. *** gpa.unep.org/ Latest Publication GPA Programme Officers contributed to the UNDESA publication. How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences (see pages 60-79) on the subjects of marine litter and nutrient management. gpa.unep.org/index.php/global-partnership-on-nutrient-management/publications-and-resources/gpa-documents/416-how-oceans-and-seas-related-measures-contribute-to-the-economic-social-and-environment-dimensions-of-sustainable-development gpa.unep.org/index.php/global-partnership-on-nutrient-management/publications-and-resources/gpa-documents/416-how-oceans-and-seas-related-measures-contribute-to-the-economic-social-and-environment-dimensions-of-sustainable-development/file *** earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/seabirds_continue_to_warn_about_plastic_pollution_in_the_oceans/ 70 Years On, Seabirds Continue to Warn about Plastic Pollution in the Oceans BY ELIZABETH CLAIRE ALBERTS – JUNE 6, 2014 Plight of the flesh-footed shearwater in Australia illustrates how widespread the problem is A special report ahead of World Oceans Day It’s a late May night on Lord Howe Island, and the moon gleams across the volcanic mountains and white sand beaches of this six-mile long isle off the east coast of Australia. While most people are tucked inside their houses or hotels, conservation biologist Dr. Jennifer Lavers and her colleague, naturalist Ian Hutton, don headlamps and bike to the flesh-footed shearwater colony on the northeast side of the island. Lord Howe Island is one of the two main breeding areas for this seabird in the southwest Pacific Ocean (the other is in northern New Zealand). Tonight the colony bustles with 90-day-old chicks flapping their wings as they prepare for their first 6,500-mile flight north to the Bering Sea. *** plasticforever.blogspot/2014/06/world-ocean.html Monday, June 9, 2014 World Oceans Trails and Oceans Stewardship Day organized by the Point Reyes National Seashore Association brought together ocean advocates: All One Ocean, Marin Debris Action Teams, Marin Horse Council and our own Plastic Forever for a day of hard work and big fun to celebrate National Trails Day, June 7 and World Oceans Day, June 8. Over 40 volunteers convened at Limantour Beach. Special thanks to Jessica Taylor from the Point Reyes National Seashore Association who worked hard to assure the success of the day. Good job! Ranger John reminded that if we happened to find an artifact that looks like it might be of historical significance we should mark the spot and let the park archeologist investigate before removing it. Hummmmm - wondering if the plastic bits we find today might someday be considered historically significant? Thinking back to the oldest piece of plastic we have been able to verify — our green oil truck, vintage 46-49. *** flotsamweaving/exhibitions/ Current exhibition Space2 Gallery, Watford Museum, Hertfordshire – 1 May – 28th June, 2014 Space2 Gallery, part of the Watford Museum have chosen my work to be part of their programme next year. One of six artists selected, I’ll be sharing my flotsam weaving with the people of Hertfordshire and devising some exciting workshops to engage the community in my work. On until 28th June, the exhibition showcases tapestries comprised from material curated and delivered by the sea. Toys from the USA to Italian plastic shipping tags all find their way into my intricate weavings. The exhibition documents our throwaway society and the stories of these orphaned objects. If you can’t make it, you can read about the Private View or enjoy a couple of Reviews of the exhibition. Future exhibitions I am proud to reveal that I am one of five artists to have won an exhibition at the Gateway Gallery, at London Luton Airport. If you find yourself travelling through the terminal between 25th September – 25th November 2014, but sure to view ‘Beyond the Horizon’, my solo show of flotsam weaving. You can find out more about the themes of the exhibition over on my blog where I share the Gateway Gallery exhibition proposal. flotsamweaving.files.wordpress/2014/05/1291-space2-poster-2.pdf https://flotsamweaving.files.wordpress/2013/08/advert.jpg *** youtu.be/2cdQkN8KfxE We proudly present our first ever ASAP PledgeCast! Published on 8 May 2014 NSW Green MP John Kaye reports on his success with his 1st pledge: to eradicate plastic cutlery from his parliamentary office. pledgeasap/pledgecasts/ *** youtu.be/aPb-sUz9wd0 Ecover Ocean Plastic Project Published on 12 May 2014 Ocean Plastic is the biggest issue most of us have never heard of (yet). It affects every major body of water, with 46, 000 pieces of waste plastic in every square mile of ocean. This plastic damages the marine environment, harms fish and sea mammals and is all out bad news. Seem like a cause worth paying attention to? Ecover thought so, thats why weve taken the first step by creating the first ever bottle made from waste plastic fished out of the ocean. Find out more at ecover/ocean-plastic https://youtube/user/EcoverUK *** youtu.be/6wTsfjSgr-A Ecover - Message in our Bottle Published on 7 Mar 2013 This short film has been created to introduce you to our pledge to constantly innovate, evaluate and future proof our products; from the ingredients we choose, the processes we use to the bottles in your home. Were looking at future proofing our bottles with the clever mix of Plant-astic, Recycled Plastic and reclaimed Sea Plastic, which will set new standards in packaging, closing the loop in everyday recycling making it the easy choice for you. Find out more on our website the-splash.co.uk/message https://youtube/user/EcoverUK *** theguardian/environment/2014/may/12/washing-up-liquid-bottle-reclaimed-ocean-plastic-ecover Washing-up liquid bottle made from ocean plastic aims to clean up seas Green cleaning brand Ecover to unveil packaging innovation to highlight long-term dangers of dumping plastic in ocean Rebecca Smithers, consumer affairs correspondent The Guardian, Monday 12 May 2014 The worlds first washing-up liquid bottle made from reclaimed ocean plastic is to go on sale in UK supermarkets later this month. The green cleaning brand Ecover will use the launch of its new Ocean Bottle washing-up liquid to highlight the long-term dangers of dumping plastic in the sea, which is killing fish on a large scale and threatening global ecosystems. Ecover, a Belgian company, has been working with manufacturer Logoplaste to combine plastic trawled from the sea with a plastic made from sugarcane (which it calls Plant-astic) and recycled plastic, in what it is hailing as a world-first for packaging. In the initial trial, 10% of the plastic in the new bottle will have been retrieved from the sea, although Ecover is keen to gradually increase that proportion. Plastic can take thousands of years to degrade through the combination of salty seawater and the sun. The variable quality of plastic retrieved from the sea and analysed by Ecovers scientists meant it had to be blended with other recycled plastic material to make it robust enough for a household cleaning product. *** titan-oceanus/the-solution.html The solution... For years now, many have turned a blind eye to the blight we have inflicted upon our oceans. Overwhelmed by the task at hand, they have hastily labeled cleanup an impossibility. This is unacceptable. Here at Oceanus, we reject that defeatist mentality. Instead of allowing this momentous task to rout us, we have developed an entirely new approach in regards to the reversal of our plastic pollution problem. The traditional approach to cleaning up the substantial amount of plastic debris floating in our gyres usually involves a fleet of ships (which would pollute the environment even more), hundreds of people, billions of dollars, and massive nets that would trap more marine life in them than plastic. Those who claim oceanic cleanup to be an impossibility are right about one thing: these conventional courses of action would not only be impractical, but inexecutable as well. So, then, what do we do? We think outside the box. We eliminate stale and outdated ideas. If we are going to tackle the problems of today for the betterment of tomorrow, we cannot employ the same archaic ways of thinking that we used when we created this mess. A simple idea—one so obvious a solution that its mind-boggling it hasnt been done before. There are obstacles impeding the cleanup of our oceans gyres? Well, eliminate the obstacles. It really is just that simple. *** nabu.de/themen/meere/plastik/16860.html Meere vor dem Kollaps? NABU-Spot zeigt gravierende Folgen von Müll im Meer 08. Juni 2014 - Über zehn Millionen Tonnen Müll gelangen jährlich in die Ozeane. Ein Großteil davon ist Plastikmüll. Er kostet Zehntausende Meerestiere das Leben. Seevögel verwechseln Plastik mit natürlicher Nahrung, Delfine verfangen sich in alten Fischernetzen. Die Folgen von Plastikabfällen im Meer sind ebenso vielfältig wie dramatisch. Die Folgen von Plastik im Meer sind verheerend. Viele Meeresbewohner verfangen sich in Kunststoffresten und verenden qualvoll. Aber auch auf uns Menschen fallen die Müllsünden zurück: Wenn Plastik zerfällt, werden giftige Inhaltsstoffe frei. Sie verändern das Erbgut von Meeresbewohnern. Auch beim Menschen sind schädliche Auswirkungen nicht ausgeschlossen Um das Ausmaß des Müllproblems zu verdeutlichen, hat der NABU zum Welttag der Meere gemeinsam mit der Hamburger Rockband Dock3 und Nationaltorhüter Silvio Heinevetter ein eindringliches Musikvideo veröffentlicht. Darin machen die Musiker und der Handballer die Kunststoffflut sichtbar und rufen zur Vermeidung von Plastik auf. youtu.be/MzFc7s5BUHk *** ndr.de/fernsehen/sendungen/45_min/video-podcast/minuten1279.html Die Plastikbedrohung 45 Min - 12.05.2014 22:00 Uhr Immer mehr Plastikmüll lagert sich auf dem Meeresboden ab und dringt bis in die arktische Tiefsee vor. Da hat verheerende Folgen. Wer stoppt die Plastik-Bedrohung? ndr.de/fernsehen/sendungen/45_min/Dokumentation,sendung63600.html media.ndr.de/progressive/2014/0512/TV-20140512-1705-1042.hi.mp4 *** youtu.be/AuXhJ7Ze2Tw Off - Luomo Published on 16 Apr 2014 E grande il degrado in cui giace la parte centrale dellarea maggiore delle Tegnue di Chioggia; oltre alle reti smesse e attrezzi di pesca abbandonati è letteralmente invasa da retini, scarti della lavorazione dei mitili. Fintantoché lo smaltimento dei questi rifiuti, oltretutto non biodegradabili, porta un onere ai pescatori, vedremo la situazione peggiorare. Dovremmo invece dare un incentivo a chi porta i rifiuti in discarica a terra. youtube/user/PieroMescalchin *** To be removed from the Mailing List, send an email to [email protected] with the subject REMOVE. To send information to be divulged on the Mailing List, send an email to [email protected] with the subject NEWS. 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Posted on: Fri, 13 Jun 2014 18:42:40 +0000
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